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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Nasutitermes octopilis Banks est une espèce de termite abondante dans la région de Kartabo et d'autres régions forestières de Guyane. Elle vit dans du bois mort humide et développe des galeries semblables à celles de certaines espèces de Rhinotermitidæ. Elle ne construit pas de chemins couverts, mais creuse des tunnels dans le sol et la litière de la forêt. Les soldats deNasutitermes octopilis peuvent soutenir une attaque et attaquer plus efficacement que les soldats des autres espèces deNasutitermes communes dans la région. Leurs sécrétions sont répulsives pour les fourmis et rendent moins acceptables, en tant que nourriture pour certaines espèces de fourmis, des ouvriers de termite pris dans des groupes d'ouvriers et de soldats qui ont combattu avec une ou plusieurs fourmis. Les différences dans la composition chimique des sécrétions de soldats deN. octopilis et des autres individus du genre sont à mettre en parallèle avec les différences de réactions induites chez les fourmis. Nous n'avons trouvé aucune preuve du caractère toxique ou de différence de «viscosité» dans les sécrétions de soldats chez les individus appartenant à d'autres espèces du même genre. Les soldats deN. octopilis sont très lents à émettre leur sécrétion et ne se précipitent pas à l'extérieur lorsque les galeries sont endommagées. Ils restent avec les ouvriers et, en émettant peu, ils peuvent fournir une protection pendant des intervalles plus longs que lesNasutitermes de même taille qui émettent plus facilement et plus vite. En outre, les sécrétions des autres espèces deNasutitermes ne semblent pas rendre moins acceptables, en tant qu'éléments de nourriture, leurs ouvriers qui ont déjà combattu. L'abondance des autres espèces deNasutitermes paraît être liée à la construction de chemins couverts et de nids cartonnés durables.
    Notes: Summary Nasutitermes octopilis Banks is an abundant termite in the Kartabo area and other forested regions of Guyana. It lives in moist dead wood, with a gallery development similar to that seen in some species of Rhinotermitidæ. It does not build covered runways; instead, it tunnels in soil and forest floor litter.N. octopilis soldiers can withstand ant attack more effectively than soldiers of other commonNasutitermes species in the erea. Their secretion appears to be repellent to ants, and renders worker termites selected from groups of workers and soldiers that have been in combat with one or more ants less acceptable as food to certain ant species. Pronounced differences in chemical composition between the secretions ofN. octopilis soldiers and other members of the genus are paralleled by differences in reactions elicited from ants. No evidence of toxicity or difference in “stickiness” from soldier secretions of members of other species of the genus was obtained.N. octopilis soldiers are very slow to fire their secretion, and do not rush out when the galleries are disturbed. Instead, they remain with the workers, and, by firing sparingly, can provide protection for longer intervals than similar-sized nasutes which fire more readily. In addition, secretions of otherNasutitermes species do not seem to render their combat-veteran workers less acceptable as food items. The abundance of the other species ofNasutitermes seems to be related to the building of covered runways and durable carton nests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 49 (1975), S. 339-348 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The growth of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chick kidney cells at different pH values in the range 6.0–9.0 demonstrated that although the virus was released at a much faster rate at the higher pH values the titre tended to drop more quickly. At the acid pH values the virus was released more slowly but reached a maximum titre similar to that at the higher pH values and showed only minimum reduction in infectivity up to 49 hours post inoculation. The stability of virus in tissue culture medium was shown to be directly related to pH between pH 6.0–8.0, being more stable at the acid pH values. The degree of cytopathogenicity induced in chick kidney cells following infection with IBV was directly related to the pH at which the cells were incubated, occurring earlier and more extensively in cells at the higher pH values. Cell macromolecule synthesis in chick kidney cells was inhibited following infection with IBV and was apparently due to cell damage and death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 50 (1976), S. 55-72 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Egg-grown infectious bronchitis virus, strain Beaudette, was concentrated and centrifuged on sucrose density gradients to separate the virus into five peaks with densities of 1.144, 1.160, 1.172, 1.191 and 1.218 g/cm3. All peaks retained infectivity, complement fixation activity and were labelled with3H-uridine. Morphologically the densest peak consisted of very large virus particles and amorphous material, the other peaks consisted of mainly intact particles although small differences in size and pleomorphism were seen. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of material from the density gradient peaks revealed four major polypeptides and at least 10 minor polypeptides. The proportions of the polypeptides were approximately similar for all peaks with the exception of the densest peak in which the major polypeptides were greatly reduced. The four major polypeptides had approximate molecular weights of 1. 52,000, 2. 45,000, 3. 34,000, 4. 32,000. The major polypeptides 1 and 4 were shown to be glycosylated as were two of the minor polypeptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nucleotide sequences of the entire F genes of two isolates of the pigeon PMV-1 (PPMV-1) variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were determined using RTPCR. The deduced amino acid sequences of the F0 protein showed four differences between isolate 760/83 which had been passaged 4 times in chickens and gave an intravenous pathogenicity index in chickens (IVPI) of 2.01 and isolate 1168/84 which had received six passages in chickens and had an IVPI of 0.00. The F genes of virus from two passage levels of isolate 1447/84, 0 with IVPI value 0.00 and six with IVPI value 0.58, were partially sequenced to cover the areas of variation between 760/83 and 1168/84. The two passage levels of 1447/84 showed identical sequences in these areas which in turn were identical to those of 760/83. It was concluded that the recorded differences in intravenous pathogenicity were unlikely to be associated with differences in the primary structure of the F0 protein. Phylogenetic comparisons of the F gene sequences of the two PPMV-1 viruses with those published for other NDV strains and isolates showed that the PPMV-1 viruses formed a new fourth lineage but were closely related to strain Warwick with which they presumably shared a common origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 60 (1979), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological, bio-physical and growth properties of the isolate duck/Hong Kong/D3/75 (D3/75) were consistent with this virus being a member of the paramyxovirus group. Using haemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase inhibition tests no serological relationships between D3/75 and other paramyxoviruses could be demonstrated. The structural polypeptides of D3/75 were also typical of paramyxoviruses, consisting of 6–7 polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 46,000–200,000 under reduced conditions. Two polypeptides were glycosylated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Variations in the conditions used for disruption of purified virus involving differences in heat treatment and reducing agent concentration produced little affect on the polypeptide profiles of the Massachusetts 41 (M41) strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparisons of the structural polypeptides of 12 IBV isolates, consisting of M41, six serologically related viruses and representatives of five other serotypes, showed that the viruses could be placed in three groups on the molecular weights of the major glycopolypeptides. These were 31,000 and 86,000 for M41, the six related viruses and the serologically distinct SE17; 27,000 and 89,000 for Iowa 97 and Holte and 27,000 and 91,000 for Connecticut and T strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Representatives of paramyxoviruses isolated from waterfowl in the U.S.A., goose/Delaware/1053/76, and Japan, pintail/Wakuya/20/78, were shown to be serologically closely related but distinct from other avian paramyxoviruses. Another isolate, from domestic ducks in the U.S.A., was shown to be representative of a further distinct serotype of avian paramyxoviruses. We propose that, in the current system of nomenclature these serotypes be designated PMV-8, for which the prototype strain would be PMV-8/goose/Delaware/1053/76 and PMV-9, for which the prototype strain would be PMV-9/domestic duck/New York/22/78.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 67 (1981), S. 309-323 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structural polypeptides of twenty-three avian paramyxovriuses from five serotypes were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate under reducing and non-reducing conditions. All virus polypeptide profiles consisted of 7–10 polypeptides of which two were glycosylated. Some variation was seen in the profiles of viruses from the same serotype, but groups formed on the basis of their serological relationships in haemagglutination inhibition tests were identical to those formed on the basis of similarities in their polypeptide profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 68 (1981), S. 265-269 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five viruses isolated from 114 hunter-killed doves (Columba species) in Tennessee, U.S.A. in 1975 were shown to be related paramyxoviruses which represent a new serologically distinct group of avian paramyxoviruses. We propose that this subtype be designated as PMV-7 in the current system of nomenclature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine paramyxovirus isolates obtained from penguins were tested for antigenic relationships amongst themselves and to other avian paramyxoviruses. One of the isolates was shown to be a lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV), i.e., of PMV-1 serotype. By serological tests and analysis of structural polypeptides the other penguin isolates could be placed into three groups. No relationship with other avian paramyxoviruses could be determined except that six of the penguin viruses, representing two of the groups, showed reaction with a monoclonal antibody raised against NDV Ulster 2 C and three of the isolates, representing one of the penguin groups, also reacted with another PMV-1 directed monoclonal antibody.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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