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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transportation 1 (1972), S. 227-238 
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine paramyxovirus isolates obtained from penguins were tested for antigenic relationships amongst themselves and to other avian paramyxoviruses. One of the isolates was shown to be a lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV), i.e., of PMV-1 serotype. By serological tests and analysis of structural polypeptides the other penguin isolates could be placed into three groups. No relationship with other avian paramyxoviruses could be determined except that six of the penguin viruses, representing two of the groups, showed reaction with a monoclonal antibody raised against NDV Ulster 2 C and three of the isolates, representing one of the penguin groups, also reacted with another PMV-1 directed monoclonal antibody.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Nasutitermes octopilis Banks est une espèce de termite abondante dans la région de Kartabo et d'autres régions forestières de Guyane. Elle vit dans du bois mort humide et développe des galeries semblables à celles de certaines espèces de Rhinotermitidæ. Elle ne construit pas de chemins couverts, mais creuse des tunnels dans le sol et la litière de la forêt. Les soldats deNasutitermes octopilis peuvent soutenir une attaque et attaquer plus efficacement que les soldats des autres espèces deNasutitermes communes dans la région. Leurs sécrétions sont répulsives pour les fourmis et rendent moins acceptables, en tant que nourriture pour certaines espèces de fourmis, des ouvriers de termite pris dans des groupes d'ouvriers et de soldats qui ont combattu avec une ou plusieurs fourmis. Les différences dans la composition chimique des sécrétions de soldats deN. octopilis et des autres individus du genre sont à mettre en parallèle avec les différences de réactions induites chez les fourmis. Nous n'avons trouvé aucune preuve du caractère toxique ou de différence de «viscosité» dans les sécrétions de soldats chez les individus appartenant à d'autres espèces du même genre. Les soldats deN. octopilis sont très lents à émettre leur sécrétion et ne se précipitent pas à l'extérieur lorsque les galeries sont endommagées. Ils restent avec les ouvriers et, en émettant peu, ils peuvent fournir une protection pendant des intervalles plus longs que lesNasutitermes de même taille qui émettent plus facilement et plus vite. En outre, les sécrétions des autres espèces deNasutitermes ne semblent pas rendre moins acceptables, en tant qu'éléments de nourriture, leurs ouvriers qui ont déjà combattu. L'abondance des autres espèces deNasutitermes paraît être liée à la construction de chemins couverts et de nids cartonnés durables.
    Notes: Summary Nasutitermes octopilis Banks is an abundant termite in the Kartabo area and other forested regions of Guyana. It lives in moist dead wood, with a gallery development similar to that seen in some species of Rhinotermitidæ. It does not build covered runways; instead, it tunnels in soil and forest floor litter.N. octopilis soldiers can withstand ant attack more effectively than soldiers of other commonNasutitermes species in the erea. Their secretion appears to be repellent to ants, and renders worker termites selected from groups of workers and soldiers that have been in combat with one or more ants less acceptable as food to certain ant species. Pronounced differences in chemical composition between the secretions ofN. octopilis soldiers and other members of the genus are paralleled by differences in reactions elicited from ants. No evidence of toxicity or difference in “stickiness” from soldier secretions of members of other species of the genus was obtained.N. octopilis soldiers are very slow to fire their secretion, and do not rush out when the galleries are disturbed. Instead, they remain with the workers, and, by firing sparingly, can provide protection for longer intervals than similar-sized nasutes which fire more readily. In addition, secretions of otherNasutitermes species do not seem to render their combat-veteran workers less acceptable as food items. The abundance of the other species ofNasutitermes seems to be related to the building of covered runways and durable carton nests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The amino acid sequence at the F2/F1 cleavage site was determined for 15 strains of the so-called pigeon PMV-1 (PPMV-1) variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) which showed close antigenic identity, determined by their reactions with a panel of 28 monoclonal antibodies, but considerable variation in their pathogenicity for chickens. Thirteen of the isolates possessed the motif112G-R-Q-K-R-F117. This motif was seen for one virus which had initially low pathogenicity and remained unaltered when virulence of the virus for chickens was increased by bird to bird passage. The two other viruses had the sequence112R-R-Q-K-R-F117 at the cleavage site which is more typical of virulent viruses, however, pathogenicity index tests indicated that these isolates were of moderate and low pathogenicity. The nucleotide sequence coding for the HN/HN0 extension region was determined for two of the PPMV-1 isolates. In both cases a stop codon was present indicating that the product for these viruses would be HN571. We conclude that the wide variation in pathogenicity of the variant PPMV-1 for chickens is not related to variation in the amino acid motif at the F2/F1 cleavage site nor due to production of HN0 which may also influence pathogenicity. The high virulence of some of the viruses examined confirms that a double pair of basic amino acids in the region of the F2/F1 cleavage site is not necessary for the full expression of virulence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine monoclonal antibodies raised against “pigeon variant” avian paramyxovirus type 1 isolate pigeon/England/617/83 were tested for their ability to react with “classical” and other “pigeon variant” isolates. Two of the monoclonal antibodies appeared to be specific for 617/83 reacting with no other virus. The remaining seven monoclonal antibodies bound to cells infected with all other “pigeon” isolates in indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) tests but four distinct groups of other PMV-1 viruses were formed on the basis of the binding patterns. One of the monoclonal antibodies 161/617 caused haemagglutination inhibition (HI) of all the “pigeon” isolates tested but none of the other PMV-1 viruses and these results reflected the IIP results with this monoclonal antibody. 161/617 was also shown to inhibit viruses of the avian paramyxovirus type 3 serogroup in HI tests. This reaction and the ability to bind to infected cells in IIP tests appeared to be restricted to PMV-3 viruses isolated from exotic birds and did not occur with viruses of ostensively the same serotype from turkeys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prototype virus for the PMV-7 serotype of avian paramyxoviruses, PMV-7/dove/Tennessee/4/75 (Tn/4) and five other isolates obtained from birds of the Columbidae family, which had been shown to be distinct from PMV-1 serotype, were tested for antigenic relationships between themselves and to other avian paramyxoviruses. By serological tests and analysis of structural polypeptides the viruses appeared to be distinct from other avian paramyxoviruses. One isolate appeared to be very closely related to Tn/4. Three other isolates showed only minor relationships to these two but were very closely related to each other. However, the sixth virus, pigeon/Japan/Otaru/76, showed high levels of homology in haemagglutination inhibition tests and at least one line of identity in immunodoublediffusion tests with all five of the other isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The amino acid sequence at the F2/F1 cleavage site of the F0 fusion protein of 17 strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was deduced from sequencing a 32 nucleotide area of the genome by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. With the addition of sequences at the same area previously published for 9 other viruses comparisons were made of a total of 26 NDV strains and isolates (11 of low virulence, 15 of high virulence or mesogenic) covering ten antigenic groups determined by reactions with monoclonal antibodies. All the virulent viruses and the mesogenic strain Komarov showed the amino acid sequence112R/K-R-Q-K/R-R116 for the C-terminus of the F2 protein and phenylalanine (F) at the N-terminus of the F1 protein, residue 117. The mesogenic isolate of the antigenic variant NDV responsible for the recent panzootic in racing pigeons, often termed “pigeon paramyxovirus type 1”, examined in this study had the sequence112G-R-Q-K-R-F117. The deduced amino acid sequence in the corresponding region of all viruses of low virulence was112G/E-K/R-Q-G/E-R-L117. The virulent virus, PMV-1/chicken/Ireland/34/90 (34/90), which had a close antigenic relationship to a group of avirulent viruses, three of which were examined in the present study as representatives of the monoclonal antibody group H, showed between 4–6 nucleotide differences from these viruses in the 32 nucleotide region studied. These resulted in differences in the deduced amino acid sequence at residue 112 E → K, 115 E → K and 117 → F, giving 34/90 a typical virulent virus motif at the cleavage site. Despite the extremely small portion of the genome studied there were several areas which appeared characteristic for 34/90 and the three group H viruses of low virulence, which suggests that they may have arisen from the same gene pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nucleotide sequences of the entire F genes of two isolates of the pigeon PMV-1 (PPMV-1) variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were determined using RTPCR. The deduced amino acid sequences of the F0 protein showed four differences between isolate 760/83 which had been passaged 4 times in chickens and gave an intravenous pathogenicity index in chickens (IVPI) of 2.01 and isolate 1168/84 which had received six passages in chickens and had an IVPI of 0.00. The F genes of virus from two passage levels of isolate 1447/84, 0 with IVPI value 0.00 and six with IVPI value 0.58, were partially sequenced to cover the areas of variation between 760/83 and 1168/84. The two passage levels of 1447/84 showed identical sequences in these areas which in turn were identical to those of 760/83. It was concluded that the recorded differences in intravenous pathogenicity were unlikely to be associated with differences in the primary structure of the F0 protein. Phylogenetic comparisons of the F gene sequences of the two PPMV-1 viruses with those published for other NDV strains and isolates showed that the PPMV-1 viruses formed a new fourth lineage but were closely related to strain Warwick with which they presumably shared a common origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 60 (1979), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological, bio-physical and growth properties of the isolate duck/Hong Kong/D3/75 (D3/75) were consistent with this virus being a member of the paramyxovirus group. Using haemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase inhibition tests no serological relationships between D3/75 and other paramyxoviruses could be demonstrated. The structural polypeptides of D3/75 were also typical of paramyxoviruses, consisting of 6–7 polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 46,000–200,000 under reduced conditions. Two polypeptides were glycosylated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 68 (1981), S. 265-269 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five viruses isolated from 114 hunter-killed doves (Columba species) in Tennessee, U.S.A. in 1975 were shown to be related paramyxoviruses which represent a new serologically distinct group of avian paramyxoviruses. We propose that this subtype be designated as PMV-7 in the current system of nomenclature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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