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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
  • Benzodiazepines  (2)
  • Elderly  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intensive care sedation: a review of current British practice (2000)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. 922-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Sedation ; Intensive care ; Propofol ; Benzodiazepines ; Opiates ; Neuro-muscular block
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Sedation is central to the management of intensive care patients. Many different techniques have been tried, all have potential side effects, and some have been associated with serious adverse effects. The aim of this work is to establish current sedation practice in British ICUs; the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs and the indications for their use, the use of sedation policies and scoring systems, the influence of cost on drug choice, and the use of propofol for sedation in paediatric patients. Design: A postal survey sent to all units identified in the Directory of Emergency Services. Results: Two hundred and fifty-five replies were received from 323 questionnaires (79 % response rate). The replies show that alfentanil, morphine, midazolam, and propofol are the most widely used drugs for sedation, and that changes occur in sedation policy with the time a patient spends in intensive care. Atracurium is the most widely used neuromuscular blocking drug, but the number of patients who receive therapeutic paralysis is relatively small and the indications for its use in different units is consistent. Propofol is used by many ICUs for the sedation of children despite reports linking its use to mortality in children and the advice of the regulatory authorities. Conclusions: Drugs used for the sedation of patients in intensive care have changed since previous surveys. The sedation policy of most units relies on the combination of small numbers of drugs. Sedation policies now seem to concentrate on achieving a lightly sedated co-operative patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340051282
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacodynamic interactions of diazepam and intravenous alcohol at pseudo steady state (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 471-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethyl-alcohol ; Benzodiazepines ; Drug interactions ; Methods ; Psychomotor performance ; Self assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pharmacodynamic interactions of low doses of diazepam and alcohol were investigated in a double blind, randomised, 2×2 factorial, cross-over study in eight healthy volunteers. Alcohol or glucose 5% were administered intravenously at rates calculated to maintain breath alcohol levels of 0.5 g/l from 1.5 to 5.5 h after starting the alcohol infusion. Diazepam 5 mg or placebo were administered orally at 1.5 h. Evaluation of pharmacodynamic interactions was performed for the average results of tests performed at 2, 3.5 and 5 h. Plasma concentrations of (desmethyl-) diazepam and breath alcohol levels were measured for pharmacokinetic analysis. Breath alcohol reached pseudo steady state levels of 0.38 g/l (range: 0.24–0.57) after alcohol alone and 0.37 g/l (range: 0.27–0.52) in combination with diazepam. Alcohol effects were demonstrated for latency of saccadic eye movements, smooth pursuit eye movements and subjective drug effects. Diazepam impaired smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements, adaptive tracking, digit symbol substitution and body sway. The effects of combined alcohol and diazepam were mostly additive without significant synergistic interactions. However, in two subjects large supra-additive effects occurred at 3.5 h following alcohol + diazepam, which were not explained by increased drug levels. The design and methods used in this study proved advantageous in evaluating low dose pharmacodynamic interactions. Despite the absence of significant synergistic interactions, unanticipated impairment of performance may occur in susceptible individuals when taking combined low doses of alcohol and diazepam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244655
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Jerusalem seventy year olds longitudinal study (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 11 (1995), S. 675-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Cohort study ; Elderly ; Longitudinal study ; Population study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The main objectives of our first cross-section of a longitudinal study of a cohort of 70 year olds in Jerusalem, are to survey the social and medical conditions of the heterogeneous elderly population and to contribute to the knowledge of aging processes for specific age-groups. Whereas, most previous surveys were conducted on homogeneous and stable population groups, the elderly of Jerusalem provide the basis for ethnographic comparisons and for assessing the impact of profound historical and personal changes. From a representative systematic sample (from a geographically sorted electoral register) of 759 persons, 605 persons replied to our home-visit questionnaire gathering data on migration history, dwelling conditions, health status, health service utilization, employment status, activities of daily living, social support, use of drugs and war experience. Later on, 463 persons attended our geriatric research institute where we gathered information from in-depth anamnesis and physical examination, as well as cognitive and psychological tests. In addition, a battery of biochemical and hematological blood tests were performed as well as urine analysis and culture, ECG and pulmonary function tests. The heterogeneity of our cohort population is demonstrated by the finding that 84% were born in 40 different countries outside of Israel. In contrast, in the seventy-year old population studied in Gothenburg, Sweden, only 3% were not native born. In the years 1996, 2001 and 2006, our initial study cohort will be re-examined and compared to control groups representing states of no-survey intervention until ages 75, 80 and 85 years old. This background paper describes the study design, protocols and procedures. The responders were found to be representative of the 70 year old Jewish population in Jerusalem as a whole, in terms of mortality and hospital utilization rates. The results of the study to be reported in subsequent papers will allow conclusions regarding all 70 year old Jews in Jerusalem to be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01720302
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jerusalem seventy year olds longitudinal study (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 11 (1995), S. 685-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Cohort study ; Elderly ; Longitudinal study ; Population study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Basic background information is presented from a representative sample of 605 West Jerusalem Jewish residents aged 70 years in 1990/91. A follow-up survey of the original cohort is planned for 1996, in addition to a similar sized control group of persons not studied in 1990/91. This paper describes the demographic characteristics, marital status, household composition, migration patterns, language comprehension, education, employment status, religious practices, household conditions, health status, health service utilization, health practices, use of medications, social contacts and activities of daily living of the study population. Only 16% of the study population were born in Israel, the remainder were born in forty different countries in four continents. This article also presents some ethnic comparisons within our cohort. Some significant differences were found between ethnic sub-groups in self-reported chronic diseases. However, many of these differences disappeared when socio-economic covariates were considered. Differences were also found when specific countries were considered. Compared to Polish-born Jews, Moroccan-born Jews had lower economic status, less education, more family contacts and less faith in physicians. Moroccan-born Jews also reported more morbidity for cerebrovascular disorders, emphysema and glaucoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01720303
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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