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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (51)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (51)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences of Ca2+ regulation in skin fibroblasts from blacks and whites (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 138 (1989), S. 367-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Black people have a higher propensity than caucasions toward essential hypertension. To explore the possibility that this racial difference relates to cellular Ca2+ metabolism, we measured 45Ca2+ washout and uptake and cytosolic free concentration of Ca2+ [Ca2+], in serially passed skin fibroblasts from normotensive black and white males. Depending on the experimental conditions, 45Ca2+ washout in these cells was described by either two or three exponential functions, whereas 45Ca2+ uptake was described only by a two-exponent function. There were no racial differences in 45Ca2+ uptake and washout of unstimulated fibroblasts. However, stimulation by human serum resulted in an increase in the 45Ca2+ washout that was higher in fibroblasts from blacks than from whites. The racial differences were expressed primarily by higher values of the apparent washout rate constant (k1) of 45Ca2+ from the largest and most rapidly exchangeable cellular pool. The effect of human serum was not related to its origin (blacks vs. whites). In 2 mM Ca2+ medium and 10% serum from blacks, the respective k1 (mean ± SEM; × 10-2/min) values for fibroblasts from blacks and whites were 89.68 ± 5.23 and 73.29 ± 4.0; in the presence of 10% serum from whites, the k1 values for cells from blacks and whites were 84.14 ± 2.80 and 76.36 ± 3.23 (overall significance of P .01). In Ca2+-deficient medium in the presence of 10% human serum, the k1 for fibroblasts from blacks and whites were 115.57 ± 3.76 and 102.15 ± 3.30 (P 〈 .05). Serum substantially increased the 45Ca2+ uptake in fibroblasts from both blacks and whites; however, racial differences were not observed. Basal levels of [Ca2+], were not different in fibroblasts of blacks vs. whites (46.8 ± 6.8 and 43.2 ± 7.1 nM for blacks and whites, respectively). However, the peak response of Ca2+ transients for cell stimulated by 5% human serum was significantly higher in blacks than whites (blacks = 963 ± 213, whites = 481 ± 162 nM; P = .0286). We conclude that Ca2+ regulation is different in serum-stimulated fibroblasts from blacks and whites and that, at least in part, this difference may relate to a greater agonist-induced mobilization of Ca2+ in fibroblasts from blacks.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041380220
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of actin filaments in shape formation of mesenteric mesothelial cells of the bullfrog (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 198 (1988), S. 321-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The role of actin filaments in the development of cellular shape in the mesenteric mesothelium of the bullfrog was studied by using a simple, new technique for making en face preparations of mesothelial sheets. By using these mesothelial cell preparations, the distribution of actin was determined by means of fluorescence microscopy with 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD)-phallacidin and that of myosin by means of immunofluorescence microscopy. Although fluorescence produced by both NBD-phallacidin and antimyosin staining was found exclusively along the margins of the cells, its intensity was altered in correspondence with changes in cell shape. For instance, tadpole-type mesothelial cells with either and irregular or very slender cell shape showed very weak fluorescence. On the other hand, frog-type mesothelial cells with a polygonal shape showed intense fluorescence at their margins and had circumferential bundles of acting filaments at their apices. Furthermore, intercellular junctions between the mesothelial cells developed as the cell shape became polygonal during metamorphosis. The present study showed that development of circumferential bundles of acting filaments and intercellular junctions may serve to establish and maintain the definitive polygonal cellular pattern in the mesenteric mesothelium of the bullfrog.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051980306
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of ciliary orientation in ciliated sheets from Paramecium-differential distribution of sensitivity to cyclic nucleotides (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 20 (1991), S. 38-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cilia ; calcium ; cAMP ; differential response ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ciliated sheets of cell cortex were prepared from Triton-glycerol-extracted Paramecium to observe directly the change of ciliary orientation. The observation of the ciliary responses revealed the modes of ciliary control by Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotides. The cilia changed their pointing direction clockwise from 11-12 to 5 o'clock (with the anterior of the cell defined as 12 o'clock) in the horizontal plane of cell surface when Ca2+ concentration was decreased from 10-6 M to 10-7 M. Cyclic AMP competed with Ca2+ ion in determining the orientation of the cilia. On the other hand, cGMP tended to change the ciliary orientation toward 3 o'clock. Ciliary sensitivity to cyclic nucleotides depended on their location on the cell surface. The cilia on the left-hand field of the cell were more sensitive to cyclic nucleotide than those on the right-hand field. The differential distribution of ciliary sensitivity within a single cell seems to be functional in the sophisticated turning mechanism in the behavioral response of Paramecium.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970200105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of syntheses of high molecular weight nonmuscle tropomyosins in macrophages (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 31 (1995), S. 273-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Peritoneal macrophages ; F-actin microfilament ; in situ hybridization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In mouse fibroblasts, at least five TM isoforms are identified and they can be grouped into the high (TM1, TM2, and TM3) and low molecular weight TM isoforms (TM4 and TM5). Suppression of one of the high molecular weight tropomyosin (TM) isoforms in nonmuscle cells is implicated to be one of the causes for disorganization of actin microfilament bundles and subsequent changes in cell motility and cell shape. In this study, we studied the expression of tropomyosin isoforms in macrophages that exhibit high motility and ability to change cell shape. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by Western blot analysis using polyclonal anti-TM antiserum revealed that the high molecular weight TM isoforms were lacking in both resident and activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Analyses of newly synthesized TM isoforms, Northern blot analyses using isoform-specific cDNA probes, and immunostaining with monoclonal anti-TM antibody that recognizes only the high molecular weight TM isoforms also demonstrated that the syntheses of the high molecular weight TM isoforms (TM1, TM2, and TM3) were completely suppressed, whereas the low molecular weight TM isoforms (TM4 and TM5) were expressed in macrophages. These results indicate that macrophages intrinsically lack the high molecular weight TM isoforms. In order to obtain information about cellular localization of the low molecular weight TM isoforms in macrophages, they were immunostained with polyclonal anti-TM antiserum that recognizes both the high and low molecular weight TM isoforms. The results showed that the low molecular weight TM isoforms were co-localized with F-actin in punctate and short fibrous structures. In addition, we performed in situ hybridization analysis to examine localizations of the TM mRNAs in fibroblasts and macrophages. The results showed that TM mRNAs were localized throughout the cytoplasm. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970310404
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectin-gold cytochemistry of mucin oligosaccharide biosynthesis in golgi apparatus of airway secretory cells1Mucin-secreting cells in the surface epithelium of the hamster trachea do not have a goblet shape, and whether the mucin produced by these cells is to be classified as “mucous” or “serous” is not known. The term airway secretory cell is therefore tentatively used in this report of the hamster (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 221 (1988), S. 635-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To elucidate the mechanism for the biosynthesis of O-linked mucin oligosaccharides, airway secretory cells of the hamster trachea were embedded in Lowicryl K4M resin, and section were examined by lectin-gold cytochemistry with special attention focused on the Golgi apparatus. The interrelations between the Golgi cisternae stained with five different lectins were determined by double-staining procedures using various combinations of lectins conjugated with 14-nm and 8-nm colloidal gold. Several cis cisternae were stained only with HPA (Helix pomatia aggulutinin specific for terminal α-N-acetylgalactosamine). The next medial cisternae were not stained with HPA. but reacted positively with two lectins, GSII (Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin II specific for terminal α- or β-N-acetlyglucosamine) and RCAI (Ricinus communis agglutinin I specific for β-galactose). The transcisternae as well as condensing and mature secretory granules were labeled with four lectins, UEAI (Ulex europaeus aggulutinin I specific for terminal α-L-fucose) and LFA (Limax flavus aggulutinin specific for terminal N-acetyl or N-glycolyl neuraminic acid) in addition to HPA and RCAI. The same number of trans cisternae were positive to HPA and UEAI, whereas LFA bound to a few transmost cisternae but fewer than were stained with HPA or UEAI. The observed sequential appearance of different sugar residues in different levels of Golgi cisternae (from cis to trans cisternae) coincides quite well with the sugar sequence of airway mucin oligosaccharide (from reducing to nonreducing ends) proposed by biochemical analysis. It is suggested that airway mucin oligosaccharides elongate during a vectorial movement through the Golgi stack from cis toward trans and that the stack consists of at least three functionally distinct segments, cis, medial, and trans; in these three segments there take place, respectively, the initial O-glycosylation of mucin core peptide, the formation of a core region of oligosaccharide chain, and the completion of chain growth by addition of terminal sugar moieties.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092210209
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subperiosteal lmplantation of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) stimulates both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the tibia, but only osteogenesis in the parietal bone of a rat (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 242 (1995), S. 40-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Octacalcium phosphate ; Implantation ; Long bone ; Calvarium ; Osteogenesis ; Chondrogenesis ; Type I collagen ; Type II collagen ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: It is not known whether long bones and calvaria have distinct biological characteristics. Octacalcium phosphate (OCP), which is a precursor phase of the hydroxyapatite, has been reported to stimulate bone formation if implanted in the subperiosteal region of mouse calvaria. The present study was designed to investigate how the long bone and the calvarium respond to OCP implantation and to compare their biological characteristics.Methods: The synthetic OCP was implanted into the subperiosteal region of rat tibiae and parietal bones being mixed with bovine type I collagen treated by pepsin (Atelocollagen). The biological response was examined histologically and immunohistochemically for collagen matrix phenotypes of types I and II to identify bone and cartilage formation.Results: Both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis were initiated in the tibia 1 week after implantation of OCP and most of the cartilage was replaced by bone at week 2. However, the parietal bone did not show osteogenesis responding to OCP implantation until week 3, and no cartilage formation was associated with the osteogenesis.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the distinct characteristics of biological response to OCP implantation between the long bone and the calvarium in terms of whether or not cartilage formation is involved in the stimulated osteogenesis by OCP, and in terms of timing of the stimulated chondrogenesis and/or osteogenesis, i.e., the parietal bone takes more time to respond to OCP implantation than the tibia. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092420106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible involvement of focal adhesion kinase, p125FAK, in osteoclastic bone resorption (1995)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 58 (1995), S. 424-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Key words ; osteoclast ; focal adhesion kinase ; tyrosine kinase ; tyrosine phosphorylation ; podosome ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation in osteoclastic bone resorption was examined using osteoclast-like multinucleated cells prepared from co-cultures of mouse osteoblastic cells and bone marrow cells in the presence of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. When osteoclast-like cells were plated on culture dishes in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum, they were sharply stained in their peripheral region by anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Western blot analysis revealed that 115-to 130-kD proteins were tyrosine-phosphorylated in osteoclast-like cells. Using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, one of the proteins with 115-130 kD was identified as focal adhesion kinase (p125FAK), a tyrosine kinase, which is localized in focal adhesions. Immunostaining with anti-p 125FAK antibody revealed that p125FAK was mainly localized at the periphery of osteoclast-like cells. Herbimycin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, not only suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK but also changed the intracellular localization of p125FAK and disrupted a ringed structure of F-actin-containing podosomes in osteoclast-like cells. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to p125FAK inhibited dentine resorption by osteoclast-like cells, whereas sense oligodeoxynucleotides did not. These results suggest that p125FAK is involved in osteoclastic bone resorption and that tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK is critical for regulating osteoclast function.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240580405
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calpain activation in shear-induced platelet aggregation (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 66 (1997), S. 54-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: calpain activation ; platelet ; proteolysis of talin ; shear stress ; shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Fluid shear stress has been known to activate platelet reaction such as aggregation, but the exact mechanism of shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) has not been fully understood. Calpain, an intracellular calcium-activated cysteine protease, is abundant in platelets and is considered to be activated and involved in the proteolytic processes during platelet activation. A possible activation of calpain in SIPA was investigated, employing a newly developed aggregometer and specific monoclonal antibodies to detect activation of calpain. When a shear stress gradient varying between 6 and 108 dyn/cm2 was applied to platelets, activation of μ-calpain was observed only in high-shear-stressed platelets, resulting in the proteolysis of talin. At 1 min after the onset of constant high shear stress of 108 dyn/cm2, μ-calpain activation and proteolysis of talin were detected and increased in a time-dependent manner. Constant shear stress more than 50 dyn/cm2, applied for 5 min, caused μ-calpain activation and proteolysis of talin, which were increased in a shear-force-dependent manner. Calpeptin, a calpain-specific peptide antagonist, caused the complete inhibition of both μ-calpain activation and proteolysis of talin, while SIPA profiles with calpeptin showed almost no change compared to those without calpeptin. These results suggest the possibility of calpain involvement in late phases of shear-induced platelet activation such as cytoskeletal reorganization. J. Cell. Biochem. 66:54-64, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of osteoblastic cell differentiation by conditioned medium derived from the human prostatic cancer cell line PC-3 in vitro (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 67 (1997), S. 248-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: human prostatic cancer cell (PC-3) ; osteoblastic cell differentiation ; bone nodule formation ; alkaline phosphatase activity ; osteocalcin ; osteopontin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Human prostatic carcinoma frequently metastasizes to bone tissue and activates bone metabolism, especially bone formation, at the site of metastasis. It has been reported that an extract of prostatic carcinoma and conditioned medium (CM) of a human prostatic carcinoma cell line, PC-3, established from a bone metastastic lesion, stimulate osteoblastic cell proliferation. However, there is little information about the effect of PC-3 CM on the differentiation of osteoblastic cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of PC-3 CM on the differentiation of two types of osteoblastic cells, primary fetal rat calvaria (RC) cells containing many undifferentiated osteoprogenitor cells, and ROS 17/2.8, a well-differentiated rat osteosarcoma cell line. PC-3 CM inhibited bone nodule formation and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), an osteoblastic marker enzyme, on days 7, 14, and 21 (RC cells) or 3, 6, and 9 (ROS 17/2.8 cells) in a dose-dependent manner (5-30% CM). However, the CM did not affect cell proliferation or cell viability. PC-3 CM was found to markedly block the gene expression of ALPase and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNAs but had no effect on the mRNA expression of osteopontin (OPN), the latter two being noncollagenous proteins related to bone matrix mineralization. These findings suggest that PC-3 CM contains a factor that inhibits osteoblastic cell differentiation and that this factor may be involved in the process of bone metastasis from prostatic carcinoma. J. Cell. Biochem. 67:248-256, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological studies on the synthesis of secretory granules in convoluted tubules of mouse submandibular gland (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 405-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The synthesis of zymogen-like secretory granules in convoluted tubules of mouse submandibular gland (SMG) was investigated by histometry, light microscopy and electron microscopy. In normal males secretory granules in the SMG increased greatly from 25 days after birth and reached a maximum level 50 days after birth. Castration of adult male mice markedly decreased the level, but it was completely restored by testosterone administration. A parallel was found between change in the granule level and the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in the convoluted tubular cells during development or after various treatments. Development of the Golgi apparatus was also observed in the cells when the granules increased. Both the increase in the granules and in the RER induced by testosterone were prevented by actinomycin D or puromycin. These results indicate that the granule contents are synthesized on the RER under the control of testosterone, and then condensed in the Golgi apparatus.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830305
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