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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (21)
  • Chemistry  (21)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The compatibility of the blends of PUs with PVC and the adhesion behavior of PU to PVC (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 1371-1379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three series of polyurethane adhesives - polyethyleneadipateurethane (PEAU), polybuthyleneadipateurethane (PBAU), and polyhexyleneadipateurethane (PHAU) - with the same MW and hard/soft segment ratio, based on the three polyesters polyethyleneadipate (PEA), polybuthyleneadipate (PBA), polyhexyleneadipate (PHA), with 4,4′-diphnylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and butendiol were synthesized by solution polymerization. The crystallinity of these polyesters and polyurethanes (PUs) and the compatibility of blends of PUs with PVC were studied by means of wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA), testing of solubility, and phase contrast microscopy. The results indicated that PBAU/PVC and PHAU/PVC were compatible systems, but PEAU/PVC was incompatible. The adhesive strengths of the three adhesives were quite different from one another, in the order of PBAU ≥ PHAU ≫ PEAU. The influences of crystallinity and compatibility on adhesion were discussed, and the Diffusion Theory for PU-PVC systems was recommended. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070561101
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction injection molding of polyureas. II: Rheo-kinetic changes and model simulation (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 654-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental and theoretical study of reaction injection molding (RIM) of polyurea was conducted in this work. A lab-scale RIM machine was used to carry out the polyurea bulk polymerizations. A “free-table” viscometer was designed to measure the fast rheological changes and liquid-solid transition. A mathematical model was proposed to simulate the fast reaction and rheological changes in the polyurea RIM process. The parameters of this model were determined based on the solution polymerization data from FTIR and Haake rheometer measurements. Combined with an appropriate heat transfer equation, this model predicts fairly well the adiabatic temperature and viscosity rises of bulk polyurea reactions in RIM.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301105
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the conductivity of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) lithium by the complexation of poly(ethylene oxide) (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 7 (1996), S. 697-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: complexation ; sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) lithium ; poly(ethylene oxide) ; conductivity ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the present paper, the structure and conductivity for the complex of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) lithium (SPPOLi) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG) were studied. Glass transition temperature change determined by differential scanning calorimeter analysis desmonstrated that the two components had some compatibility. X-ray diffraction showed that PEG could decrease the regularity of SPPOLi to some extent. The compatibility and PEG's effect on the regularity may be due to the interaction between the lithium ions of SPPOLi and the oxygen atoms of PEG. Under polarization by electric field, the bands between lithium ions and sulfonation groups relaxed. Meanwhile, the complexation of oxygen atoms could enhance the dissociation of the polymeric lithium salts. Then lithium ions were transported in the process of alternate complexing and decomplexing. The action between lithium ions and oxygen atoms could explain the improvement on the conductivity of SPPOLi.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of diffusion-controlled free radical polymerizations in lumped-parameter systems (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 2353-2375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Open-loop optimal temperature control strategies for the batch free radical polymerizations of styrene are investigated using the minimum principle. Two kinetic models, one considering the gel effect and the other incorporating both the gel effect and the glass effect, are employed. By using the Min-H strategy, a control variable program that minimizes one objective function and yields values of other terminal quantities can be obtained. It is found that the optimal temperature programs are highly dependent upon the kinetic characteristics of reactions. The gel and glass effects, which control ultimate molecular weights, play important roles in affecting the temperature programs. Numerical examples using two objective functions, one in which reaction time is minimized, and the other in which molecular weight distribution is minimized, are presented. The theoretical predictions using kinetic model with the gel and glass effects are also compared with experimental measurements of conversion, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution. Although the agreement between the experimental work and the theory is less than satisfactory, the trends of policy improvements are consistent.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070391113
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Textures of ethyl cellulose-dichloroacetic acid mesomorphic solution (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 1693-1700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Textures of the ethyl cellulose (EC)-dichloroacetic acid (DCA) mesomorphic solution were studied systematically by polarizing microscopy and small-angle light scattering. It was found that with increasing polymer concentration, the mesophase could show a disklike texture, an oil streak texture, a pseudoisotropic texture, and an iridescent planar texture. Within the mesophase the ordering degree is different in different zones. The phase transition between anisotropic and isotropic phases could also be accomplished by changing temperature. With increasing temperature the mesophase with the lower degree of order could first transform to the isotropic phase and the phase transition from an anisotropic phase with a higher degree of order to the isotropic one could take place only at the higher temperature. A disklike texture was also observed during the phase transition between the anisotropic and isotropic phases when the solution was heated and it was probably a basic texture in polymer cholesteric liquid crystals.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430912
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cholesteric order on mechanical properties of (E-CE)C/PAA composites (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 493-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ethyl-cyanoethyl cellulose [(E-CE)C]/poly(acrylic acid) [PAA] composites were prepared via in situ photopolymerization of the (E-CE)C/acrylic acid (AA) solutions, in which the morphology and structure of (E-CE)C was retained as the same as that in the solution. The strength and the modulus of the composites depended on their morphology and structure. The strength of the composites with a completely amorphous state or with a completely cholesteric order did not significantly change with increasing (E-CE)C content, although the strength of the composites with completely cholesteric order is much higher than with the completely amorphous state. However, when the (E-CE)C content changed from 33.8% to 42.5%, in which the composites had both cholesteric order and amorphous phases, the strength of the composites greatly increased with increasing (E-CE)C. The elastic modulus of the composites with completely isotropic structure decreases with increasing (E-CE)C content but abruptly increases with increasing the fraction of cholesteric phase in the composites. The (E-CE)C with cholesteric order had a significant enhancing effect on the strength of the composites. The stress-strain curves indicated that the composites with completely amorphous or completely cholesteric order were breakable, while they were tough in the case when they had both cholesteric and amorphous phases. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070570411
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the blends of carbon dioxide copolymer. III. NBR/PPC systems (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 1479-1486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper, the blends of the carbon dioxide copolymer, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), with nitrile rubber (NBR) were studied by DSC, DMA, TEM and TG. PPC can enhance the mechanical properties of NBR, while oil resistance and tensile set at break of NBR/PPC systems were as good as that of NBR. The coagent of triallylisocyanurate or maleic anhydride with carbon black can much improve the curing efficiency of dicumyl peroxide in NBR/PPC systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and radical polymerization of (E-CE)C/AA mesomorphic solutions (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ethyl-cyanoethyl cellulose (E-CE)C/poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) composites were prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid (AA) in (E-CE) C/AA cholesteric liquid crystalline solutions. The morphology and structure and the compatibility of composites prepared in different conditions were studied by small-angle light scattering (SALS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray spectrometry, polarizing microscopy, and electron microscopy. Ho-mogeneous composites with the cholesteric structure could be obtained by photopolymerization. During the photopolymerization, however, the morphology of the liquid crystalline domains became crylindric and the axial direction of the cylindric domain was at an angle of about 45° to the layers of the ordered molecular chains. The polymerization initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) resulted in the phase separation. The morphology of the liquid crystalline domains was maintained although the cholesteric structure of the composite was partly destroyed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490115
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared studies of cryogenic transitions in poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 1237-1245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Infrared absorbance measurements as a function of temperature down to 13°K have been made on poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene. Transition temperatures are assigned to the temperatures where there are abrupt changes in the absorbance or integrated band intensities. Bands of known structural origin arising from either crystal-line or amorphous phases are studied to probe the structure basis and environment effect for each transition. Transitions are found around 50, 120, 180, and 220°K for PET and around 50° and 235°K for polystyrene.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1971.070150518
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Casting of diffusion-controlled free radical polymerization - experimental and theoretical analysis (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 1315-1341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with applications of a kinetic-diffusion model which accounts for the gel effect and glass effect for free radical polymerizations under nonisothermal conditions. Bulk polymerizations of styrene and unsaturated polyester in the batch casting process were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) were employed to elucidate incomplete reactions resulting from glass transition and dead-ending phenomena and to provide kinetic information for modelling. Temperature, conversion, and cumulative molecular weight profiles were simulated under several wall temperature programs. Predictions of ultimate cumulative molecular weights across the reactor, when compared with experimental results measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), affirmed that the molecular weight variation due to the radial temperature gradient could be alleviated by manipulating the wall temperature.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330422
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