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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (7)
  • Quantitative Analysenverfahren  (4)
  • Gene-ecology  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 207-212 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pisum mutants and recombinants ; Phytotron experiments ; Gene-ecology ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The flowering behaviour of 17 Pisum mutants and 20 recombinants was studied under three different temperatures using long-day phytotron conditions. A constant low temperature of 12.5 ° C led to a strong delay in flowering in all the genotypes tested but distinct relative differences could be found between them. Relative differences were also present with regard to speed of ontogenetic development under a permanent high temperature of 25.5 °C or under an alternating change between low and high temperature. Under the low temperature, recombinants R 20D and R 20E, carrying gene efr for earliness, entered the flowering period more than 4 weeks later than the donor of efr, demonstrating thereby a negative influence of one of the other mutant genes on efr. The high temperature of 25 °C influenced the flowering behaviour of 4 fasciated genotypes negatively — in contrast to the other strains studied. The plants of recombinant R 405 produced only tiny flower buds under these conditions. None of the plants of recombinant R 142F flowered under either the constant low or high temperature — they need the change of low and higher temperature for normal flower formation. The experiments show that most of the genotypes tested react specifically to the three temperature conditions offered to them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1988), S. 344-349 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pisum mutants and recombinants ; Phytotron experiments ; Gene-ecology ; Photoperiod ; Suppressor genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The flowering behavior of 59 Pisum mutants and 228 recombinants was studied in the phytotron in four different photoperiods (continuous light, long-day 18/6 h, short-day 12/12 h, extreme short-day 6/18 h). There was no or little difference in the response of the genotypes to long-day and permanent light, whereas great differences were observed between long- and short-day 12/12 h and between the two short-day trials. About half the genotypes tested were unable to survive or to flower in extreme short-day. Some recombinants, however, had an almost normal development under these unfavorable conditions. Gene fis controls the photoperiodic reaction of the plants: they are unable to flower in short-day. Gene fds negatively influences gene efr for earliness: it causes a strong delay of flowering of efr recombinants in long-day and suppresses the formation of functionable flowers in short-day. Most of the genotypes tested showed a specific reaction to the four photoperiods different from that of the mother variety and the other genotypes. The practical aim of our phytotron experiments is the preselection of Pisum genotypes which might be suited for cultivation in countries with short-day climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 71-79 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gene-ecology ; Fasciated mutants ; Penetrance ; Flowering behaviour ; Seed production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Six mutants and nine recombinants of Pisum sativum were grown along with the mother variety at Kurukshetra, North India. The findings obtained were compared with those obtained for the same material grown at Bonn, Germany. The following observations were made. Stem length and degree of branching are influenced differentially in the various genotypes tested in India as a consequence of a specific reaction of the genes to the climatic conditions. A gene for weak stem fasciation and gene efr for earliness in a specific gene combination are unable to express their action in North India whereas they are fully active in Germany. Furthermore, in Kurukshetra early flowering of some recombinants does not result in early ripening because their seeds require about double the time for full ripening than those of the mother variety. At Kurukshetra, recombinant R 674A proved to be highly heat susceptible. All the plants died in early stages of ontogenetic development. Four other genotypes died due to heat before completing seed ripening. One mutant and three recombinants were found to be more tolerant to powdery mildew attack than the mother variety and Indian local lines. The seed production of eight genotypes in relation to that of the initial line was essentially better in North India than in Germany. They are obviously better adapted to the semi-arid conditions. Some of them appear to be useful for pea breeding in India. In contrast, a fasciated mutant, high yielding in Germany, is not able to express this potentiality at Kurukshetra. At Udaipur (Rajasthan, Western India), this mutant is unable to flower. Another four genotypes, tested at both Indian locations, exhibited an essentially poorer seed production at Udaipur than at Kurukshetra due to some ecological factors. The findings indicate a specific response of some of the genotypes tested to the specific ecological conditions of the three locations, their response differing from that of the mother variety demonstrating thereby a different adaptational optimum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 280 (1969), S. 205-218 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Wolfram als Oxinat ; Quantitative Analysenverfahren ; Standardisierung, Gravimetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Gravimetrische Analysenverfahren sind auf Mikromol- und Millimol-Arbeitsbereiche beschrÄnkt. Trotz ihres gro\en Zeitbedarfs sind diese Methoden auch heute noch für die Bestimmung von Haupt- und Nebenbestandteilen wertvoll, wenn es auf zuverlÄssige Resultate mit sehr guter Reproduzierbarkeit ankommt. Die Vorgehensweise bei der Standardisierung gravimetrischer Verfahren wird am Beispiel der Wolframbestimmung als 8-Hydroxychinolat im Mikromol 3-Bereich detailliert beschrieben. Der Gebrauch der gefundenen Kenndaten bei Prüfverfahren wird für Scheelitproben demonstriert.
    Notes: Abstract Gravimetric procedures of analysis are restricted to the micromole and millimole range. In spite of their great time-wasting, these methods are still important today for the determination of major and minor constituents, if reliable results with a very good reproducibility are concerned. The way of standardization for gravimetric procedures is described in detail, giving the determination of tungsten by 8-hydroxychinolate in the micromol 3-range as an example. The use of the characteristic data found for check methods is demonstrated for scheelite samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Quantitative Analysenverfahren ; Standardisierung ; Signalfunktion, Analysenfunktion, Arbeitsbereiche, Standard-Testmethodik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach Definition des Begriffes Standardisierung wird die Notwendigkeit einer standardisierten Planung, Durchführung und Auswertung in der quantitativen Analytik erläutert. Von den Arbeitsstufen: Probenahme, Probenvorbehandlung, Bestimmung und Auswertung sind nur die letzten beiden Stufen universell standardisierbar, da sie unabhängig vom aktuellen Untersuchungsobjekt betrachtet und getestet werden können. Diese Stufen werden im engeren Sinne als Analysenverfahren bezeichnet. Die quantitative analytische Nachricht wird über eine Kette von Signal S, Information I und einer absoluten Menge der bestimmten Substanz, der Arbeitsmenge A, erhalten. Die Übergänge sollten durch eine Signalfunktion I=f(S) und eine Analysenfunktion A =F(I) beschrieben werden. Die wichtigste Forderung für ein Standardverfahren ist die Realisierung einer linearen Analysenfunktion in einem definierten Arbeitsbereich. Eine Klassifizierung von Standard-Arbeitsbereichen als „glatte“ Zehnerpotenzbereiche von Stoffmengen in der SI-Einheit Mol führt zu neuen allgemeinen Bezeichnungen für alle Arten von Analysenverfahren. Durch Festlegung eines allgemeinen Schemas der Meßdurchführung und Resultatauswertung kann ein gleichartiger Satz von Kenndaten zur kritischen Beurteilung und zum objektiven Vergleich von Verfahren erhalten werden. Die Grundlage der Standard-Auswertung ist die Methode der kleinsten Abweichungsquadrate, angewendet auf 24 Datenblöcke, die in standardisierter Form zu 6 Gruppen vom Umfang 4 angeordnet sind. Einzelheiten zu den Standard-Messungen und zur Standard-Auswertung werden im Teil II gebracht.
    Notes: Abstract After defining the term standardization the necessity of standardized planning, execution, and evaluation in quantitative analysis is illustrated. From the working steps: sampling, preliminary treatment of the sample, determination, and evaluation only the last two steps are standardizable in an universal way, because they can be examined and checked up independently from the actual object of inquiring. These steps are designated as analytical procedure in a narrow meaning. The quantitative analytical message is obtained by way of a chain of signal S, information I, and of an absolute quantity of the determinated substance, called working quantity A. The transitions should be described by a signal function I=f(S) and by an analytical function A=F(I). The important demand for a standard procedure is the realization of a lineary analytical function in a defined working range. A classification of standard working ranges as “complete” ranges of powers of ten for amounts of substances in the SI-unit Mol leads to new general designations for all kinds of analytical procedures. By fixing a general scheme of measurement execution and result evaluation an identically set of characteristic data can be obtained for a critical examination and an objective comparison of procedures. The base of the standard evaluation is the method of least squares, applicated to a set of 24 blocks of data arranged in standardized 6 groups of a size of 4 blocks. Details of standard measurements and standard evaluation are presented in paper II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Quantitative Analysenverfahren ; Standardisierung, Zuverlässigkeitskontrollen, Leistungsvergleiche, Statistische Tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Standardverfahren erlauben einfache Berechnungen von Erwartungswerten bei speziellen Untersuchungen. In diesem Fall können die Analysenresultate durch statistische Testmethoden für Streuungen und Ausreißer auf Zuverlässigkeit geprüft werden. Werden zuverlässige Resultate gefunden, so existieren kleinere Vertrauensbereiche und Unterschiede zwischen Resultaten können schärfer beurteilt werden. Für Routineanalysen wird eine neue rationelle Technik, genannt „mehr Prüfung nur bei Bedarf“, zum Vergleich von gefundenen und festgelegten Werten beschrieben. Auf der Basis von Standardverfahren können Ringversuche zwischen Laboratorien in einfacher Weise geplant und realisiert werden. Die Auswertung wird mit Hilfe von Varianzanalysen durchgeführt. Modifizierte analytische Arbeitsweisen, neue Meßanordnungen und Analysengeräte oder Personalschulung unter anderem sind in der Wirksamkeit bei Wiederholung der Standardisierung und anschließendem Vergleich der alten und neuen Kenndaten mit Hilfe statistischer Tests beurteilbar.
    Notes: Abstract Standard procedures allow simple calculations of expected values for special observations. In this case the results of analyses can be tested for reliability by statistical check methods for variances and outliers. If reliable results are to be found, smaller confidence limits exist and the difference between results can be judged more sharply. For routine analysis a new economical technique called “more checking only by exception” is described for comparing found and rated values. On the basis of standard procedures interlaboratory observations can be planned and realised in a simple way. The evaluation is carried out with help of analysis of variances. Modification of analytical operation, new arrangements for measurements and new analytical instruments of training of personal among other things are judgeable in efficiency by repetition of the standardisation and following comparison of the old and new characteristic data with help of statistical tests.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 199-214 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Eisen in Molybdän ; Quantitative Analysenverfahren ; Standardisierung ; Röntgenfluorescenz-Spektrometrie ; Spuren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Röntgenfluorescenzspektrometrische Analysenverfahren sind in einem weiten Arbeitsbereich anwendbar. Auf Grund der Einflüsse der Massenabsorptionskoeffizienten sind lineare Analysenfunktionen jedoch in der Regel nur für kleine Elementmengen und unter bestimmten Bedingungen zu erwarten. Bei Einbeziehung von Trenn- und Anreicherungsmethoden in das Verfahren sowie variabler Referenznormierung können in vielen Fällen Linearfunktionen und kleine Standardabweichungen erreicht werden. Die Vorgehensweise bei der Standardisierung von Verfahren der Röntgenfluorescenzanalyse wird am Beispiel der Eisenbestimmung in einer Molybdänmatrix im Nanomol 3-Bereich detailliert beschrieben. Eine PAN-Fällung als Trennmethode ist Bestandteil der Arbeitsvorschrift. Der Gebrauch der durch die Standardisierung gefundenen Kenndaten bei Prüfmethoden wird für verschiedene Molybdänmaterialien demonstriert.
    Notes: Abstract X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is applicable to a wide working range. Due to influences of mass absorption coefficients linear analytical functions are usually to be expected only for small amounts of elements and under defined conditions. However, including separation and enrichment methods as well as variable reference standardization linear functions and small standard deviations can be attained in most cases. The way of standardization for X-ray fluorescence analysis is described in detail. The determination of iron traces in a molybdenum matrix in the nanomol 3-range is given as an example. A PAN-precipitation as separating method is part of the working procedure. The use of the characteristic data found by the standardization for check methods is demonstrated for various molybdenum materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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