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Characterisation of Escherichia coli K-12 mutants defective in formate-dependent nitrite reduction: essential roles for hemN and the menFDBCE operon (1997)

Tyson, K. ; Metheringham, R. ; Griffiths, L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Archives of microbiology 168 (1997), S. 403-411

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ISSN: 1432-072X

Keywords: Key words Nitrite reductase mutants ; Formate-dependent nitrite reduction ; Anaerobic electron transfer ; Menaquinones ; hemN ; Cytochrome c biosynthesis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Three Escherichia coli mutants defective in formate-dependent nitrite reduction (Nrf activity) were characterised. Two of the mutants, JCB354 and JCB356, synthesized all five c-type cytochromes previously characterised in anaerobic cultures of E. coli. The third mutant, JCB355, was defective for both cytochrome b and cytochrome c synthesis, but only during anaerobic growth. The insertion sites of the transposon in strains JCB354 and JCB356 mapped to the menFDBCE operon; the hemN gene was disrupted in strain JCB355. The mutation in strain JCB354 was complemented by a plasmid encoding only menD; strain JCB356 was complemented by a plasmid encoding only menBCE. A mutant defective in the methyltransferase activity involved in both ubiquinone synthesis and conversion of demethylmenaquinone to menaquinone expressed the same Nrf activity as the parental strain. The effects of men, ubiA and ubiE mutations on other cytochrome-c-dependent electron transfer pathways were also determined. The combined data establish that menaquinones are essential for cytochrome-c-dependent trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (Tor) and Nrf activity, but that either menaquinone or ubiquinone, but not demethylmenaquinone, can transfer electrons to a third cytochrome-c-dependent electron transfer chain, the periplasmic nitrate reductase.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050515

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Relationship of deep structures of the hand and wrist to topographical landmarks (1993)

Cobb, Tyson K. ; Cooney, William P. ; An, Kai-Nan

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 300-307

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ISSN: 0897-3806

Keywords: carpal canal ; carpal tunnel surgery ; carpal tunnel syndrome ; flexor retinaculum ; transverse carpal ligament ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: The relationship of topographical landmarks to the deep structures of the wrist and hand has not been clearly defined and would be of benefit to surgeons performing endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery. To this end, 10 fresh cadaveric wrist specimens had radiopaque markers placed adjacent to key anatomic structures within the wrist and hand. A new technique for localizing the hook of the hamate was established. We found that the thick segment of the flexor retinaculum, often defined as the transverse carpal ligament, was 2.2 cm in length. Its distal border was 1 cm distal to the distal aspect of the hook of the hamate. The proximal ligamentous portion had a mean length of 1.2 cm, whereas the distal aponeurotic portion (distal to the hook of the hamate) had a mean length of 1.0 cm. The position of the superficial palmar arch was 2.7 cm distal to the hook of the hamate or at a line bisecting three-fourths of the distance from the distal flexor wrist crease to the proximal palmar crease. The relationship of the superficial palmar arch to topographical landmarks was more consistent than it was when the standard reference of Kaplan's cardinal line was used. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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