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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (28)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (14)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (14)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (28)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylated and detyrosinated α-tubulins are co-localized in stable microtubules in rat meningeal fibroblasts (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 284-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: tyrosination ; acetylation ; post-translational modifications ; cytoskeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the distribution of acetylated α-tubulin using immunofluorescence microscopy in fibroblastic cells of rat brain meaninges. Meningeal fibroblasts showed heterogenous staining patterns with a monoclonal antibody against acetylated α-tubulin ranging from staining of primary cilia or microtubule-organising centers (MTOCs) alone to extensive microtubule networks. Staining with a broad spectrum anti-α-tubulin monoclonal indicated that all cells possessed cytoplasmic microtubule networks. From double-labeling experiments using an antibody against acetylated α-tubulin (6-11B-1) and antibodies against either tyrosinated or detyrosinated α-tubulin, it was found that acetylated α-tubulin and tyrosinated α-tubulin were often segregated to different microtubules. The microtubules containing acetylated but not tyrosinated α-tubulin were cold stable. Therefore, it appeared that in general meningeal cells possessed two subset of microtubules: One subset contained detyrosinated and acetylated α-tubulin and was cold stable, and the other contained tyrosinated α-tubulin and was cold labile. These results are consistent with the idea that acetylation and detyrosination of α-tubulin are involved in the specification of stable microtubules.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970080309
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation and evolution of the single alpha-tubulin gene of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 27 (1994), S. 272-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cell cycle ; transcription ; mRNA decay ; autoregulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The single alpha-tubulin gene of Tetrahymena thermophila was isolated from a genomic library and shown to encode a single protein. Comparisons of the rates of evolution of this gene with other alpha-tubulin sequences revealed that it belongs to a group of more evolutionarily constrained alpha-tubulin proteins in animals, plants, and protozoans versus the group of more rapidly evolving fungal and variant animal alpha-tubulins. The single alpha-tubulin of Tetrahymena must be used in a variety of microtubule structures, and we suggest that equivalently conserved alpha-tubulins in other organisms are evolutionarily constrained because they, too, are multifunctional. Reduced constraints on fungal tubulins are consistent with their simpler microtubule systems. The animal variant alpha-tubulins may also have diverged because of fewer functional requirements or they could be examples of specialized tubulins. To analyze the role of tubulin gene expression in regulation of the complex microtubule system of Tetrahymena, alpha-tubulin mRNA amounts were examined in a number of cell states. Message levels increased in growing versus starved cells and also during early stages of conjugation. These changes were correlated with increases in transcription rates. Additionally, alpha-tubulin mRNA levels oscillate in a cell cycle dependent fashion caused by changes in both transcription and decay rates. Therefore, as in other organisms, Tetrahymena adjusts alpha-tubulin message amounts via message decay. However the complex control of alpha-tubulin mRNA during the Tetrahymena life cycle involves regulation of both decay and transcription rates. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970270308
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colocalisation of acetylated microtubules, glial filaments, and mitochondria in astrocytes in vitro (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 10 (1988), S. 438-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: tyrosinated microtubules ; organelle distribution/transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have recently shown that acetylated α-tubulin containing microtubules (acety1-MTs; labeled by antibody 6-11B-1) constitute a cold-stable subset of the microtubule network of nonneuronal cells in rat primary forebrain cultures [Cambray-Deakin and Burgoyne: Cell Motil. 8(3):284-291, 1987b]. In contrast, tyrosinated α-tubulin containing MTs (tyr-MTs; labeled by antibody YL1/2) are cold-labile. Here we have examined the distribution of acety1-MTs and tyr-MTs in cultures of newborn rat forebrain astrocytes and simultaneously investigated the distribution of mitochondria and glial filaments. In double-label immunofluorescence experiments a marked colocalisation of acetyl-MTs and glial filament bundles was observed. Tyr-MTs did not show a similar colocalisation with glial filament bundles. Furthermore, the distribution of mitochondria closely followed that of the acetyl-MT and glial filament bundles. When cells were exposed to short-term (30-min) treatments with MT-disrupting agents such as colchicine and nocodazole, the tyr-MT network was removed but the distributions of acetyl-MTs, glial filaments, and mitochondria were unchanged. Increased exposure to colchicine (9-16 hr) caused a progressive disruption of the acetyl-MTs and the collapse of glial filaments and mitochondria to the perinuclear region. These results suggest that acetyl-MTs and glial filaments but not tyr-MTs may be involved in the intracellular transport of organelles and/or in the control of their cytoplasmic distribution.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970100311
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perspectives on tubulin isotype function and evolution based on the observation that Tetrahymena thermophila microtubules contain a single α- and β-tubulin (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 25 (1993), S. 243-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: multitubulin hypothesis ; neighbor-joining method ; ciliate ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have cloned and sequenced the two β-tubulin genes of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. The two genes encode identical 443 amino acid peptides which are 99.7% identical to the β-tubulin proteins of T. pyriformis and 95% identical to human β1 tubulin. T. thermophila contains only one β-tubulin gene (Callahan et al., 1984: Cell 36:441-445). Thus, all of the extremely diverse microtubule structures in this unicellular organism can be formed from a single α- and a single β-tubulin peptide. We have also carried out a phylogenetic analysis of 84 complete β-tubulin peptide sequences. This analysis supports two hypotheses regarding β-tubulin evolution and function: (1) Multifunctional β-tubulins are under greater evolutionary constraint than β-tubulins present in specialized cells or in cells with very few microtubule related functions, which can evolve rapidly; and (2) Cells which form axonemes maintain a homogeneous population of tubulins. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970250305
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male accessory sex glands produce heparin-binding proteins that bind to cauda epididymal spermatozoa and are testosterone dependent (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 25 (1990), S. 237-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Seminal vesicle ; Prostate ; Bulbourethral gland ; Seminal plasma ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Heparin binds to bovine sperm and stimulates capacitation in vitro. Seminal plasma alters the ability of epididymal sperm to bind heparin, and several heparin-binding proteins (HBPs) have been identified in bull seminal plasma. This study had three objectives: (1) to identify production sites of seminal plasma HBPs, (2) to determine which HBPs bound to cauda epididymal sperm, and (3) to determine whether presence of HBPs was testosterone dependent. Proteins from bull or rat seminal vesicles, prostates, and bulbourethral glands were separated by heparin affinity high-performance liquid chromatography. HBPs were found in all accessory glands of rats and bulls, but the major source of bovine seminal plasma HBPs appeared to be seminal vesicles. Between 25% and 50% of the protein from each gland bound to the heparin column, and NaCl concentrations required to elute proteins ranged from 0.15 to 1.4 M. One-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that major HBPs were relatively small, with molecular weights between 13 and 31 kDa, but some HBPs also exhibited higher molecular weights, between 40 and 100 kDa. Radioiodinated HBPs from each bovine gland were incubated with epididymal sperm. Labeled HBPs binding to sperm exhibited molecular weights of 14, 16, 24, and 30 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. The HBP content of the accessory sex glands decreased significantly in castrated rats and was restored to levels of sham-operated controls by testosterone replacement. Heparin-binding proteins may play a role in fertilization by attaching to sperm surfaces, enabling heparin-like glycosaminoglycans in the female reproductive tract to induce capacitation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080250305
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmentally regulated expression during gametogenesis of the murine gene meg1 suggests a role in meiosis (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 38 (1994), S. 16-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Mammalian germ cell differentiation ; Gene expression ; Meiosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Previous studies have shown that in adult male mice, expression of the meg1 gene is restricted to meiotic and early postmeiotic testicular germ cells. We have now analyzed the expression of meg1 during postnatal testicular development and the comparable meiotic stages in the female. The 0.75 kb transcript for meg1 begins to accumulate in testes at d8-9 of postnatal (pn) development, coincident with the entry of germ cells into meiosis, and is expressed most abundantly at pn d14 and subsequent stages, when the spermatocytes have entered pachytene. In situ hybridization analysis shows that meg1 is expressed at very low levels in leptotene cells and increases as the cells progress through zygotene and pachytene stages. In the embryonic ovary, meg1 is not detected until after day 15 of gestation when the cells have entered the pachytene stage of meiosis I. In situ hybridization analysis suggests that meg1 transcripts are expressed at higher levels in degenerating rather than in healthy pachytene stage oocytes; meg1 is not expressed in any cells of the adult ovary, regardless of the stage of follicular development. These results suggest that meg1 is indeed a meiosis-associated gene in both male and female germ cells through the pachytene stage of meiosis I and appears to exhibit sex-specific differences in its expression thereafter. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080380104
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic molecular rectifiers (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 5 (1995), S. 305-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: rectification ; Langmuir-Blodgett films ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: In the field of molecular scale electronics the drive is towards the fabrication of self-assembled, organic, nanoscale architectures which will have an active role to play in novel electronic devices. As a formative step towards this goal the creation of an organic analogue to the p-n junction was proposed by Aviram and Ratner in the 1970s. In their proposal a monomolecular layer of a charge transfer species controls current flow between a pair of metal electrodes, allowing easy flow for only one polarity of the applied voltage. Such metal/molecular layer/metal structures have now been fabricated, utilising the self-ordering properties of Langmuir-Blodgett films to form the organic layer, with one dimension of the device being reduced to the molecular scale. The fabrication techniques involved in the generation of these M/LB/M junctions are now described along with the present understanding of conduction mechanisms through such nanoscale thickness junctions. These structures clearly show that the organic molecular layers can control current passage in electronic devices emulating some of the characteristics of an inorganic semiconducting p-n junction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/amo.860050604
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical breakdown and recovery in rectifying m | lb | m structures (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 1 (1992), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: Langmuir-Blodgett ; M | LB | M ; electrical breakdown ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Metal 1 | C16H33-Q3CNQ LB film | metal 2 structures exhibiting asymmetric, non-linear I/V characteristics have been fabricated using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique with LB film thicknesses as small as a single monolayer. When such junctions are subjected to low biases, the I/V traces exhibit little or no asymmetry, but as the applied biases increase, so the I/V asymmetry becomes more evident. The largest applied voltages before breakdown are of the order of 1 V, which represents an E-field of order 108 V m-1. This breakdown under high biases increases the junction conductance and the I/V traces become very noisy. More interestingly, it has been observed that after such breakdown it is possible for the junction to recover on reduction of the bias. It is observed that recovery is not always immediate and may require several voltage sweeps. A subsequent increase in bias will cause breakdown at the same bias as the first breakdown, indicating that no permanent damage has been caused.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/amo.860010104
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A few-monolayer organic photodiode (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 7 (1997), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: molecular electronics ; photodiode ; rectifier ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: A few-monolayer zwitterionic, non-centrosymmetric Langmuir-Blodgett film has been sandwiched between two electrodes, one of which is transparent. Curves of dark current density as a function of applied bias were observed to exhibit rectifier-like behaviour and to follow closely the dependences measured from junctions using two metallic electrodes. The transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode discussed here permitted illumination of the organic film during electrical characterisation and it was observed that the electrical behaviour was altered from the dark state. Illumination has the effect of generating a photocurrent even when no bias is applied to the electrodes; in addition, the junction conductance was increased. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of microgels in polyacrylamide solutions using microcapillary flow analysis (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 693-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new technique for quantifying the amount of multimolecular microgel material in water-soluble polymers is described. The enhanced velocity of the large microgels during flow through a 25 μm capillary is the basis for a separation between the microgels and dissolved polymer. With the use of laser-excited fluorescence detection, the arrival of fluorescently-tagged polyacrylamide samples at a downstream location is recorded. The presence of small amounts of microgel has a deleterious effect on the ability to filter polymer solutions. Analysis of samples before and after filtration suggests that a significant amount of microgel material above 8 μm in diameter is present in samples that exhibit poor filterability characteristics. Treatment of a sample with base is found to improve filterability and to decrease the amount of microgel in the sample.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330301
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