Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (69)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (64)
  • pharmacokinetics  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human Interindividual Variability in Parameters Related to Health Risks (1999)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 711-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: variability ; exposure ; susceptibility ; risk assessment ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews existing data on the variability in parameters relevant for health risk analyses. We cover both exposure-related parameters and parameters related to individual susceptibility to toxicity. The toxicity/susceptibility data base under construction is part of a longer term research effort to lay the groundwork for quantitative distributional analyses of non-cancer toxic risks. These data are broken down into a variety of parameter types that encompass different portions of the pathway from external exposure to the production of biological responses. The discrete steps in this pathway, as we now conceive them, are: •Contact Rate (Breathing rates per body weight; fish consumption per body weight) •Uptake or Absorption as a Fraction of Intake or Contact Rate •General Systemic Availability Net of First Pass Elimination and Dilution via Distribution Volume (e.g., initial blood concentration per mg/kg of uptake) •Systemic Elimination (half life or clearance) •Active Site Concentration per Systemic Blood or Plasma Concentration •Physiological Parameter Change per Active Site Concentration (expressed as the dose required to make a given percentage change in different people, or the dose required to achieve some proportion of an individual's maximum response to the drug or toxicant) •Functional Reserve Capacity–Change in Baseline Physiological Parameter Needed to Produce a Biological Response or Pass a Criterion of Abnormal Function Comparison of the amounts of variability observed for the different parameter types suggests that appreciable variability is associated with the final step in the process–differences among people in “functional reserve capacity.” This has the implication that relevant information for estimating effective toxic susceptibility distributions may be gleaned by direct studies of the population distributions of key physiological parameters in people that are not exposed to the environmental and occupational toxicants that are thought to perturb those parameters. This is illustrated with some recent observations of the population distributions of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol from the second and third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007045922532
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenobarbital Disposition in Adult and Neonatal Rabbits (1994)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 11 (1994), S. 1204-1206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: phenobarbital ; pharmacokinetics ; milk ; rabbit ; neonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018957420197
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation of furosemide's diuretic effect by indomethacin: Pharmacokinetic evaluation (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 7 (1979), S. 265-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: furosemide ; indomethacin ; prostaglandin ; pharmacokinetics ; pharma-codynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous furosemide, 40 mg, were studied in four normal males in a crossover fashion with and without indomethacin pretreatment. In each study 16 plasma and 10 urine samples were collected over 24 hr. Fluid and electrolyte urinary losses were replaced orally throughout the study. Unchanged furosemide and indomethacin were measured using HPLC; urinary sodium was measured by flame photometry. Pretreatment with indomethacin resulted in increased and prolonged furosemide plasma levels, increased area under the curve, decreased plasma clearance, decreased renal clearance, increased half-life, no change in volume of distribution, and decreased sodium excretion and urine volume. Analysis of sodium excretion rate with time shows that the inhibiting effect of indomethacin was greater during the first 2 hr than at later times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01060017
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants of bumetanide response in the dog: Effect of probenecid (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 11 (1983), S. 31-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: bumetanide ; probenedd ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; doseresponse relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous bumetanide (0.250 mg/kg), alone (treatment I) and after probenecid pretreatment (treatment II), were studied in four mongrel dogs. Lactated Ringer's solution was administered by vein throughout both treatments at a flow rate of 2 ml/min to avoid fluid and electrolyte depletion. Bumetanide and probenecid concentrations were analyzed by HPLC, sodium by flame photometry, and creatinine by colorimetry. Although the probenecid markedly reduced the plasma and renal clearances of bumetanide, as well as the fraction excreted unchanged in the urine, there was no significant difference between treatments I and II in the 4-hr natriuretic and diuretic responses. However, analysis of the dose-response curves between treatments I and II showed that sodium, excretion was better correlated with bumetanide urinary excretion rate than with plasma concentration. The reasons for a poor correlation between treatments during the early time periods are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061766
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interspecies Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Hematoregulatory Peptide (SK&F 107647) in Rats, Dogs, and Oncologic Patients (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 13 (1996), S. 794-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: allometric scaling ; peptide ; pharmacokinetics ; hematology ; infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To study the pharmacokinetics of SK&F 107647, a novel hematoregulatory agent, in rats, dogs, and patients with non-lymphoid solid tumor malignancy. Methods. Sprague Dawley rats and beagle dogs (n = 6 each; 3 M, 3 F) were given 25 mg/kg of SK&F 107467 as an iv bolus injection, and patients (n = 6; 4 M, 2 F) received 100 ng/kg as a 2 hour iv infusion. Plasma samples were assayed for drug using either HPLC (rat and dog) or RIA (human). Results. In each species the plasma clearance (CL) of SK&F 107647 was low in relation to hepatic blood flow, and the volume of distribution (Vdss) was reflective of distribution to extracellular body water. The plasma CL in humans was near that of average glomerular filtration rate. Using allometric equations for interspecies scaling (Y = a·Wb), body-weight normalized human pharmacokinetic data were reasonably predicted using either the body weight normalized rat or the dog data. The allometric exponents (b) for CL, Vdss, and T1/2 of SK&F 107647 were 0.63, 0.94, and 0.29, respectively. Conclusions. Use of a limited pool of available animal data allowed for reasonable predictions of human pharmacokinetics of SK&F 107647.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016020221300
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional anatomy of the heart of the harbor porpoise, Phocaena phocaena (1975)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 146 (1975), S. 479-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Thirty-six harbor porpoises, Phocaena phocaena, were caught off the coast of Southern New Brunswick and Nova Scotia as part of a study of the biology and ecology of these animals. The formalin-preserved heart was examined first in situ, then measured and studied in detail. If the weight of the thick layer of blubber is discounted, the heart is heavy relative to the total body weight as may be expected in an animal capable of fast swimming, great agility and frequent emergence from the water to breathe. The shape of the heart, the relative size of atria and atrial appendages, the morphology of the ventricular septum, the thickness of the walls of the sinus and conus of the right ventricle and the anatomy of the pulmonary veins were found to be constant for this animal and unlike that of non-cetaceans. It is suggested that the absence of respiratory movements during diving may lead to these modifications of cardiac structure in an animal that is particularly well adapted to a totally aquatic existence.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051460405
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelial cells and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis in humans and streptococcal cell wall arthritis in Lewis rats (1991)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 45 (1991), S. 162-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: neuroendocrine ; cytokines ; adhesion ; transin ; stromelysin ; collagenase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Endothelial cells play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory arthritis in humans such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as experimental animal models such as streptococcal cell wall (SCW) arthritis in Lewis (LEW/N) rats. This review summarizes data in support of this concept. The earliest apparent abnormalities in synovial tissues of patients with RA and Lewis rats with SCW arthritis appear to reflect microvascular endothelial cell activation or injury. At the molecular level, the abnormalities include enhanced expression by endothelial cells of activation markers such as class II major histocompatibility complex antigens, phosphotyrosine, leukocyte adhesion molecules, oncoproteins such as c-Fos and c-Myc, and metalloproteinases such as collagenase and transin/stromelysin. The development of severe, chronic, destructive arthritis is dependent upon thymic-derived lymphocytes and is accompanied by tumorlike proliferation of cells in the synovial connective tissue stroma (blood vessels and fibroblastlike cells), which results in resorptive destruction of bone and cartilage. Multiple criteria support the analogy to a neoplastic process. Paracrine and autocrine factors such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and heparin-binding fibroblast growth factors (HBGF, FGF) appear to play important roles in the generation of these lesions. Finally, in addition to the autocrine and paracrine regulatory factors, neuroendocrine factors, particularly the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, appear to be involved in the counterregulation of the inflammatory process. The counterregulatory effects are mediated, in part, by inhibition of endothelial cell activation by corticosteroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240450207
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the buccopharyngeal portion of the gill in the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque) (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 200 (1981), S. 67-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Buccopharyngeal epithelium covering gill arches and gill rakers of the fathead minnow was studied by light microscopic, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic techniques. Mature mucous cells in goblet pattern and nonmucus containing cells were in the apical one-third of the tissue. The latter cells contributed to a surface microridge system which overlapped apices of goblet cells. The bottom of the epithelium was comprised of a continuous row of darkly stained basal epithelial cells. In this region, two to three epithelial cells of similar staining characteristics were piled up forming apical columns which partially encircled nests of lightly stained cells. A basal lamina and thick basement lamella of about 20 plies of orthogonally arranged collagen supported the epithelium. Numerous taste buds were seen in gill arches and rakers. Taste bud cellular components included marginal cells, light receptor cells, dark receptor cells, and basal cells. These were identical in all taste buds. Taste bud surface morphology differed between gill arch and raker. Pores of the former were depressed, while those of the latter were raised. Thick microvilli of taste pores were apical extensions of light cells, while smaller, more numerous microvilli were projections from dark cells.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092000107
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlates of ovarian morphology, estrous behavior, and cyclicity in an inbred strain of miniature swine (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 203 (1982), S. 55-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ovarian morphology and behavioral relationships were studied in a group of nine miniature pigs with a characteristically small litter size (∼5) and an average coefficient of inbreeding of 0.39. The first day of standing estrus was designated as day 0. Laparoscopy was used to evaluate and photograph ovarian activity on days 1, 5, 11, 17, and day 2 of the subsequent estrous cycle. Mean (±SEM) duration of estrus and the estrous cycle was 3.1±0.2 and 22.6±0.3 days, respectively. An average of 9.0±0.4 vesicular follicles developed/estrous period and 96% of the follicles showed morphologic evidence of ovulation resulting in a mean of 8.6±0.3 corpora lutea (CL) per animal. There was no significant correlation between the degree of inbreeding and number of vesicular follicles (r=0.27) or CL (r=0.28) developing/cycle within the experimental group. Mature preovulatory follicle and CL size ranged from 6-12 mm and 8-12 mm in diameter, respectively, and 22.5% of the newly formed CL contained distinct postovulatory stigmata. These data indicated that 1) temporal relationships of sexual behavior and gross ovarian morphology in the miniature pig were similar to descriptions previously reported for the standard pig, and 2) the reduced litter size characteristic to this particular strain is, at least in part, due to decreased number of vesicular follicles developing during the estrous cycle.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092030106
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunochemical localization of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein in mouse placenta and yolk sac (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 213 (1985), S. 514-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 10,000-dalton calcium-binding protein (10-kd CaBP) has been described in the placentae and yolk sacs of rats and mice. This protein is similar or identical to vitamin D-dependent intestinal CaBP and these proteins have been implicated in the molecular mechanisms of intestinal calcium absorption and transplacental calcium transport. Using an antiserum to the purified 10-kd rat intestinal CaBP, the localization of CaBP in the 16-17-day mouse yolk sac and placenta was studied immunocytochemically with peroxidase-antiperoxidase labelling and quantified by radial immunodifussion. A high concentration of immunolabelling was observed in the endodermal cells of the intraplacental yolk sac lining the sinuses of Duval. The columnar endodermal cells lining one side of the endodermal sinuses adjacent to fetal vessels contained most of the immunoreactive label. Quantitation by radial immunodiffusion demonstrated a 5.5-fold higher concentration of CaBP in the portion of the placenta containing most of the intraplacental yolk sac than in the maternal half of the placenta. This demonstration of a 10-kd CaBP within the intraplacental yolk sac suggests this protein functions to facilitate placental calcium transport and is the first study which directly supports the hypothesis of a functional role for the sinuses of Duval in calcium transport.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092130406
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...