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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: In vitro ; Whole-embryo culture ; Retinoic acid ; Embryotoxicity ; Isomerisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In vitro experiments using whole rat embryo cultures show that all -trans retinoic acid (all- trans RA) administered at low concentrations (30 ng/ml culture medium) is 10 times more active than 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) and 3 times more active when administered at high concentrations (1000 ng/ml culture medium). Morphological investigation of the embryos shows that both substances directly influence embryonic development in an identical manner. Isomerisation products of the administered compounds (all-trans RA from 13-cis RA and vice versa) were detected by HPLC both in the culture medium and the embryo. Correlation of embryonic retinoid concentration with the observed effects led us to suggest that the isomerisation to all- trans RA is crucial in regard to 13-cis RA-induced abnormal embryonic development. A 100% effect can be induced in vitro with very low amounts of all- trans RA (7.2 ng/g) in the embryo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 64 (1990), S. 502-503 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Retinol ; Retinoic acid ; Isotretinoin ; Teratogenic risk of vitamin A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The concentrations of retinoic acid compounds were monitored by a newly developed highly sensitive HPLC procedure in plasma of six volunteers who received 833 IU vitamin A per kg body weight per day during a 20-day period. There was a significant increase of alltrans-retinoic acid (two-fold), 13-cis-retinoic acid (7-fold) and 13-cis-4-oxoretinoic acid (5-fold) over endogenous plasma levels of these retinoids. The same compounds had previously been found after treatment with the teratogenic drug isotretinoin (Roaccutan, Accutane). Our results raise the possibility that high vitamin A intake may carry a teratogenic risk attributable to increased levels of retinoic acid compounds generated from retinol by metabolic processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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