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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (21)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-farm evaluation of ridging and residue management options in a Sahelian millet-cowpea intercrop. 1. Soil quality changes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. In the Sahel, promising technologies for agricultural intensification include millet stover mulching and ridging. A four year on-farm experiment was set-up in order to assess the effect of various combinations of these two technologies on soil chemical and physical quality in a millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) –- cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) relay intercropping system. Treatments included bare surface, ridging, a surface applied banded millet stover mulch (2 t ha–1) and a banded millet stover mulch (2 t ha–1) buried in ridges. The latter three treatments were implemented exclusively in the cowpea rows, with an annual rotation between the millet and cowpea rows. Both the bare and ridge plots experienced a rapid loss of organic carbon, acidification and the development of extensive surface crusts but no increase in bulk density or penetration resistance. In the year of application, mulching improved soil quality in the cowpea row with respect to pH, organic carbon and exchangeable K+ and Mg++ content, penetration resistance and bulk density, and it reduced the decline in exchangeable Ca++ and total N content. In the year following mulch application, a general decline in soil chemical quality was observed in the millet row, except for organic carbon content, and a positive residual effect was observed on penetration resistance and bulk density. As a rule, the effects of mulching in the year of application tended to be stronger in the ridged treatment with buried residue than in the banded surface mulch. In the year following application, this tendency was reversed. For the purpose of reducing soil degradation by nutrient mining and wind erosion, a banded surface mulch therefore appeared more effective than buried mulch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00242.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling stochastic crop response to fertilisation when carry-over matters
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Agricultural Economics 6 (1991), S. 97-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0169-5150
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0169-5150(91)90019-H
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short- and long-term effects of crop residues and of phosphorus fertilization on pearl millet yield on an acid sandy soil in Niger, West Africa
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Field Crops Research 36 (1994), S. 113-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4290
    Keywords: Crop residue ; Pearl millet ; Pennisetum ; Phosphorus ; Root growth ; West Africa
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(94)90060-4
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological determinants of cowpea seed yield as affected by phosphorus fertilizer and sowing dates in intercrop with millet
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Field Crops Research 35 (1993), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4290
    Keywords: Cowpea ; Intercropping ; Millet ; Pennisetum ; Phosphorus ; Sowing date ; Vigna ; Yield determination
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(93)90149-H
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alleviating soil fertility constraints to increased crop production in West Africa: The experience in the Sahel (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 29 (1991), S. 95-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Semi-arid West Africa ; Sahel ; soil fertility ; fertilizers ; on-farm evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Lack of moisture limits crop production in semi-arid west Africa but poor soil fertility is a more serious constraint in the long run. Work done by IFDC and ICRISAT showed that phosphorus is the most limiting nutrient although response by millet to nitrogen when moisture and P are non-limiting can be substantial. A summary of the results of field trials in Niger showed that the sufficiency level for P estimated by regression analysis on the basis of Bray 1 extractable P is 7.9µg P/g of soil for 90% of maximum yield of millet. Application of 15–20 kg P/ha was usually adequate for optimum yields. Matam phosphate rock (PR) from Senegal, Tilemsi PR from Mali and Tahoua PR from Niger which are medium reactive were found to be suitable for direct application while partial acidulation (50% with sulfuric acid) of the less reactive phosphate rocks resulted in products with similar agronomic effectiveness as commercial superphosphates. Tests conducted by farmers showed that millet yields can be increased by more than 250% by the use of fertilizers. The need for constant monitoring of the crop needs for sulfur and potassium under continuous cultivation was highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048992
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of manures and crop residue in alleviating soil fertility constraints to crop production: With special reference to the Sahelian and Sudanian zones of West Africa (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 29 (1991), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Manures ; crop residue ; west African semi-arid tropics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In the West African semi-arid tropics (WASAT), continuous cultivation leads to drastically reduced levels of soil organic matter. Such reductions in the level of soil organic matter have resulted in decreased soil productivity. The addition of organic materials either in the form of manures or crop residue has beneficial effects on the soils' chemical and physical properties. For many of the countries in this region, the amounts of nutrients in crops and crop residue are often several orders of magnitude higher than the quantity of the same nutrients applied as fertilizers. The return of the crop residue for soil fertility improvement cannot be overstressed. It is essential that more information on the rates of organic matter decomposition as well as the many reactions between products of organic matter decomposition and the soil under WASAT conditions be made available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048993
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and molybdenum application on growth and symbiotic N2-fixation of groundnut in an acid sandy soil in Niger (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 31 (1992), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Molybdenum availability ; symbiotic N2-fixation ; Arachis hypogaea ; acetylene reduction assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two field experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1989 on an acid sandy soil in Niger, West Africa, to assess the effect of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and micronutrient (MN) application on growth and symbiotic N2-fixation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Phosphorus fertilizer (16 kg P ha−1) did not affect pod yields. Addition of MN fertilizer (100 kg ‘Fetrilon Combi 1’ ha−1; P + MN) containing 0.1% molybdenum (Mo) increased pod yield by 37–86%. Nitrogen concentration in shoots at mid pod filling (72 days after planting) were higher in P + MN than in P − MN fertilizer treatment. Total N uptake increased from 53 (only P) to 108 kg N ha−1 by additional MN application. Seed pelleting (P + MoSP) with 100 g Mo ha−1 (MoO3) increased nitrogenase activity (NA) by a factor of 2–4 compared to P treatment only. The increase in NA was mainly due to increase in nodule dry weight and to a lesser extent to increase in specific nitrogenase activity (SNA) per unit nodule dry weight. The higher NA of the P + MoSP treatment was associated with a higher total N uptake (55%) and pod yield (24%). Compared to P + MoSP or P + MN treatments application of N by mineral fertilizer (60 kg N ha−1) or farmyard manure (130 kg N ha−1) increased only yield of shoot dry matter but not pod dry matter. Plants supplied with N decreased soil water content more and were less drought tolerant than plants supplied with Mo. The data suggest that on the acid sandy soils in Niger N deficiency was a major constraint for groundnut production, and Mo availability in soils was insufficient to meet the Mo requirement for symbiotic N2-fixation of groundnut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064229
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of phosphorus on yield of cowpea cultivars intercropped with pearl millet on Psammentic paleustalf in Niger (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 32 (1992), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Vigna unguiculata ; P response ; Pennisetum glaucum ; Sahel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus (P) is the most limiting soil nutrient in the sandy soils of Niger and farmers rarely use chemical fertilizers in producing pearl millet and cowpea. A 3-yr study was conducted in farmer's fields at two locations in South Western Niger to investigate yield response of six cowpea cultivars to applied P-fertilizer (0, 8, 16 kg ha−1) when intercropped with millet. Significant yield differences were found between cultivars for their seed and dry fodder yield at all rates of applied P. Cultivars responded differently to the application of P. Millet grain was more than doubled with the addition of 8 to 16 kg P ha−1. Cowpea cultivars did not have significant differential effect on millet yields. Cowpea cultivars differed significantly in the accumulation of P in fodder with the highest yielding cultivars taking up more P than the low yielding ones. The results have important implications for breeding and selection of cowpea cultivars that are adapted to a range of fertility levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048776
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agronomic and economic evaluation of Tilemsi phosphate rock in different agroecological zones of Mali (1997)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 48 (1997), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: agronomic and economic evaluation ; cropping systems ; indigenousphosphate rock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus deficiency is known as one of the major constraints to crop production in West Africa. Farmer-managed trials were conducted in three agroecological zones of Mali to evaluate the profitability of Tilemsi phosphate rock (TPR) in different crop-rotation systems in comparison with conventional water-soluble fertilizers. Marginal analyses were used to compare treatments tested. Results show that crop yields using TPR are comparable to those of recommended cotton- or cereal-complex imported fertilizers. The economic evaluation also clearly indicated that direct application of TPR is relatively profitable in comparison with recommended imported fertilizers and that good management enhances the profitability of fertilizers in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009784812549
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Farmers' perceptions and attitudes towards introduced soil-fertility enhancing technologies in western Africa (1999)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 53 (1999), S. 177-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: adoption ; Burkina Faso ; farmers' attitudes ; farmers' rationales ; fertilizers ; focus groups ; Mali ; Niger ; policy ; soil fertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil fertility enhancing technologies (SFETs) have been promoted in the West African Semi-Arid Tropics (WASAT) for many years with limited success. Using a qualitative approach of focus group discussions, long, open-ended interviews and observations from field visits, this paper explores with farmers their beliefs and rationales behind the adoption or non-adoption of SFETs. Farmers are knowledgeable about, and practise SFETs of rock phosphate application, crop residue and farm yard manure, chemical fertilizer and crop rotation to combat soil fertility decline. Their attitudes to and rationales behind adoption decisions are influenced by the availability and use policies of land and labour resources, food security concerns, perceived profitability, contribution to sustainability and access to information. Some of the factors are beyond farmers' control and require a broad and integrated effort from research, extension and government to promote the use of the SFETs in the region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009745225465
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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