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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short- and long-term effects of crop residues and of phosphorus fertilization on pearl millet yield on an acid sandy soil in Niger, West Africa
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Field Crops Research 36 (1994), S. 113-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4290
    Keywords: Crop residue ; Pearl millet ; Pennisetum ; Phosphorus ; Root growth ; West Africa
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(94)90060-4
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological determinants of cowpea seed yield as affected by phosphorus fertilizer and sowing dates in intercrop with millet
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Field Crops Research 35 (1993), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4290
    Keywords: Cowpea ; Intercropping ; Millet ; Pennisetum ; Phosphorus ; Sowing date ; Vigna ; Yield determination
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(93)90149-H
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-farm evaluation of ridging and residue management options in a Sahelian millet-cowpea intercrop. 1. Soil quality changes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. In the Sahel, promising technologies for agricultural intensification include millet stover mulching and ridging. A four year on-farm experiment was set-up in order to assess the effect of various combinations of these two technologies on soil chemical and physical quality in a millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) –- cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) relay intercropping system. Treatments included bare surface, ridging, a surface applied banded millet stover mulch (2 t ha–1) and a banded millet stover mulch (2 t ha–1) buried in ridges. The latter three treatments were implemented exclusively in the cowpea rows, with an annual rotation between the millet and cowpea rows. Both the bare and ridge plots experienced a rapid loss of organic carbon, acidification and the development of extensive surface crusts but no increase in bulk density or penetration resistance. In the year of application, mulching improved soil quality in the cowpea row with respect to pH, organic carbon and exchangeable K+ and Mg++ content, penetration resistance and bulk density, and it reduced the decline in exchangeable Ca++ and total N content. In the year following mulch application, a general decline in soil chemical quality was observed in the millet row, except for organic carbon content, and a positive residual effect was observed on penetration resistance and bulk density. As a rule, the effects of mulching in the year of application tended to be stronger in the ridged treatment with buried residue than in the banded surface mulch. In the year following application, this tendency was reversed. For the purpose of reducing soil degradation by nutrient mining and wind erosion, a banded surface mulch therefore appeared more effective than buried mulch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00242.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling stochastic crop response to fertilisation when carry-over matters
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Agricultural Economics 6 (1991), S. 97-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0169-5150
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0169-5150(91)90019-H
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Farmers' perceptions and attitudes towards introduced soil-fertility enhancing technologies in western Africa (1999)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 53 (1999), S. 177-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: adoption ; Burkina Faso ; farmers' attitudes ; farmers' rationales ; fertilizers ; focus groups ; Mali ; Niger ; policy ; soil fertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil fertility enhancing technologies (SFETs) have been promoted in the West African Semi-Arid Tropics (WASAT) for many years with limited success. Using a qualitative approach of focus group discussions, long, open-ended interviews and observations from field visits, this paper explores with farmers their beliefs and rationales behind the adoption or non-adoption of SFETs. Farmers are knowledgeable about, and practise SFETs of rock phosphate application, crop residue and farm yard manure, chemical fertilizer and crop rotation to combat soil fertility decline. Their attitudes to and rationales behind adoption decisions are influenced by the availability and use policies of land and labour resources, food security concerns, perceived profitability, contribution to sustainability and access to information. Some of the factors are beyond farmers' control and require a broad and integrated effort from research, extension and government to promote the use of the SFETs in the region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009745225465
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agronomic and economic evaluation of Tilemsi phosphate rock in different agroecological zones of Mali (1997)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 48 (1997), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: agronomic and economic evaluation ; cropping systems ; indigenousphosphate rock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus deficiency is known as one of the major constraints to crop production in West Africa. Farmer-managed trials were conducted in three agroecological zones of Mali to evaluate the profitability of Tilemsi phosphate rock (TPR) in different crop-rotation systems in comparison with conventional water-soluble fertilizers. Marginal analyses were used to compare treatments tested. Results show that crop yields using TPR are comparable to those of recommended cotton- or cereal-complex imported fertilizers. The economic evaluation also clearly indicated that direct application of TPR is relatively profitable in comparison with recommended imported fertilizers and that good management enhances the profitability of fertilizers in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009784812549
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of soil tillage and fertilizer use on pearl millet yields in Niger (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 123 (1990), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: millet ; Niger ; partially acidulated phosphate rock ; phosphorus placement ; phosphate rock ; tillage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Farmers in Niger generally do not plow their fields and are therefore unable to incorporate phosphate. Experiments were conducted in Niger to assess the effect of soil tillage, P source, and fertilizer placement on yields of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.). Treatments included single superphosphate (SSP) or ground Tahoua phosphate rock (PRT) incorporated into the soil during tillage or SSP surface applied after tillage. In plots which were not tilled, P sources (SSP, PRT, and PAPR-partially acidulated rock) were broadcast on the soil surface with no incorporation. In order to improve P efficiency under zero tillage, P was point placed in the soil near the plant with either broadcast or point-placed urea. Treatments in which tillage was used showed a slight though nonsignificant yield increase over untilled plots. The yield increase did not appear to be due to phosphate incorporation but rather to direct tillage effects on early plant growth. In a comparison of SSP with PRT or PAPR broadcast on soils not receiving tillage, PRT performed poorly relative to the other P sources. SSP outyielded PAPR and PRT in 1986, but in subsequent years, no significant difference was found between PAPR and SSP. Point placement of P or N near the plant did not significantly increase yields over broadcast treatments even though the millet was planted with wide 1×1 m spacing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009925
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate and efficiency of N fertilizers applied to pearl millet in Niger (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 125 (1990), S. 221-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) ; 15N ; urea ; West Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field studies were conducted in Niger using 15N-labeled fertilizers to assess the fate and efficiency of fertilizer N in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R.Br.) production. Total plant uptake of fertilizer N was low in all cases (20%–37%), and losses were severe (25%–53%). The majority of N remaining in the soil was found in the 0- to 15-cm layer though some enrichment at lower depths was found when the N fertilizer was calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). In a comparison of urea placement methods (band, broadcast, or point placement), no significant differences in 15N uptake or yield were noted though point placement did exacerbate 15N loss. The mechanism of N loss is believed to have been ammonia volatilization. Yields were similar whether urea or CAN was used, but 15N uptake from CAN was higher. A statistical model was developed relating millet yield and N response to midseason rainfall. In drought years, no N response was found, whereas in years of good rainfall a response was found of 15 kg grain for each kilogram of N applied (at 30 kg N ha-1 rate).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010660
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cereal/legume rotation effects on cereal growth in Sudano-Sahelian West Africa: soil mineral nitrogen, mycorrhizae and nematodes (2000)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 218 (2000), S. 103-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cowpea ; cropping systems ; groundnut ; pearl millet ; sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Yield increases of cereals following legumes in rotation have been previously reported for West Africa, but little progress has been made to explain the mechanisms involved. At four sites in Niger and Burkina Faso, field trials with pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were conducted from 1996 to 1998 to investigate the role of soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin), native arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) and nematodes in cereal/legume rotations. Grain and total dry matter yields of cereals at harvest were increased by legume/cereal rotations at all sites. Soil Nmin levels in the topsoil were consistently higher in cereal plots previously sown with legumes (rotation cereals) compared with plots under continuous cereal cultivation. However, these rotation effects on Nmin were much larger with groundnut than with cowpea. Roots of rotation cereals also had higher early AM infection rates compared to continuous cereals. The dominant plant-parasitic nematodes found in all experiment fields were Helicotylenchus sp., Rotylenchus sp. and Pratylenchus sp. In sorghum/groundnut cropping systems, nematode densities were consistently lower in rotation sorghum compared to continuous sorghum. Continuous groundnut had the lowest nematode densities indicating that groundnut was a poor host for the three nematode groups. In millet/cowpea cropping systems with inherently high nematode densities, crop rotations barely affected nematode densities indicating that both crops were good hosts. These results suggest that on the nutrient poor Sudano-Sahelian soils of our study, total dry matter increases of rotation cereals compared with continuous cereals can be explained by higher Nmin and AM infection levels early in the season. The site-specific magnitude of these effects may be related to the efficiency of the legume species to suppress nematode populations and increase plant available N through N2-fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014957605852
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and molybdenum application on growth and symbiotic N2-fixation of groundnut in an acid sandy soil in Niger (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 31 (1992), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Molybdenum availability ; symbiotic N2-fixation ; Arachis hypogaea ; acetylene reduction assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two field experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1989 on an acid sandy soil in Niger, West Africa, to assess the effect of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and micronutrient (MN) application on growth and symbiotic N2-fixation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Phosphorus fertilizer (16 kg P ha−1) did not affect pod yields. Addition of MN fertilizer (100 kg ‘Fetrilon Combi 1’ ha−1; P + MN) containing 0.1% molybdenum (Mo) increased pod yield by 37–86%. Nitrogen concentration in shoots at mid pod filling (72 days after planting) were higher in P + MN than in P − MN fertilizer treatment. Total N uptake increased from 53 (only P) to 108 kg N ha−1 by additional MN application. Seed pelleting (P + MoSP) with 100 g Mo ha−1 (MoO3) increased nitrogenase activity (NA) by a factor of 2–4 compared to P treatment only. The increase in NA was mainly due to increase in nodule dry weight and to a lesser extent to increase in specific nitrogenase activity (SNA) per unit nodule dry weight. The higher NA of the P + MoSP treatment was associated with a higher total N uptake (55%) and pod yield (24%). Compared to P + MoSP or P + MN treatments application of N by mineral fertilizer (60 kg N ha−1) or farmyard manure (130 kg N ha−1) increased only yield of shoot dry matter but not pod dry matter. Plants supplied with N decreased soil water content more and were less drought tolerant than plants supplied with Mo. The data suggest that on the acid sandy soils in Niger N deficiency was a major constraint for groundnut production, and Mo availability in soils was insufficient to meet the Mo requirement for symbiotic N2-fixation of groundnut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01064229
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