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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (21)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-farm evaluation of ridging and residue management options in a Sahelian millet-cowpea intercrop. 1. Soil quality changes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. In the Sahel, promising technologies for agricultural intensification include millet stover mulching and ridging. A four year on-farm experiment was set-up in order to assess the effect of various combinations of these two technologies on soil chemical and physical quality in a millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) –- cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) relay intercropping system. Treatments included bare surface, ridging, a surface applied banded millet stover mulch (2 t ha–1) and a banded millet stover mulch (2 t ha–1) buried in ridges. The latter three treatments were implemented exclusively in the cowpea rows, with an annual rotation between the millet and cowpea rows. Both the bare and ridge plots experienced a rapid loss of organic carbon, acidification and the development of extensive surface crusts but no increase in bulk density or penetration resistance. In the year of application, mulching improved soil quality in the cowpea row with respect to pH, organic carbon and exchangeable K+ and Mg++ content, penetration resistance and bulk density, and it reduced the decline in exchangeable Ca++ and total N content. In the year following mulch application, a general decline in soil chemical quality was observed in the millet row, except for organic carbon content, and a positive residual effect was observed on penetration resistance and bulk density. As a rule, the effects of mulching in the year of application tended to be stronger in the ridged treatment with buried residue than in the banded surface mulch. In the year following application, this tendency was reversed. For the purpose of reducing soil degradation by nutrient mining and wind erosion, a banded surface mulch therefore appeared more effective than buried mulch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00242.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological determinants of cowpea seed yield as affected by phosphorus fertilizer and sowing dates in intercrop with millet
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Field Crops Research 35 (1993), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4290
    Keywords: Cowpea ; Intercropping ; Millet ; Pennisetum ; Phosphorus ; Sowing date ; Vigna ; Yield determination
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(93)90149-H
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short- and long-term effects of crop residues and of phosphorus fertilization on pearl millet yield on an acid sandy soil in Niger, West Africa
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Field Crops Research 36 (1994), S. 113-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4290
    Keywords: Crop residue ; Pearl millet ; Pennisetum ; Phosphorus ; Root growth ; West Africa
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(94)90060-4
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling stochastic crop response to fertilisation when carry-over matters
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Agricultural Economics 6 (1991), S. 97-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0169-5150
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0169-5150(91)90019-H
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of manures and crop residue in alleviating soil fertility constraints to crop production: With special reference to the Sahelian and Sudanian zones of West Africa (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 29 (1991), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Manures ; crop residue ; west African semi-arid tropics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In the West African semi-arid tropics (WASAT), continuous cultivation leads to drastically reduced levels of soil organic matter. Such reductions in the level of soil organic matter have resulted in decreased soil productivity. The addition of organic materials either in the form of manures or crop residue has beneficial effects on the soils' chemical and physical properties. For many of the countries in this region, the amounts of nutrients in crops and crop residue are often several orders of magnitude higher than the quantity of the same nutrients applied as fertilizers. The return of the crop residue for soil fertility improvement cannot be overstressed. It is essential that more information on the rates of organic matter decomposition as well as the many reactions between products of organic matter decomposition and the soil under WASAT conditions be made available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048993
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of phosphorus on yield of cowpea cultivars intercropped with pearl millet on Psammentic paleustalf in Niger (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 32 (1992), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Vigna unguiculata ; P response ; Pennisetum glaucum ; Sahel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus (P) is the most limiting soil nutrient in the sandy soils of Niger and farmers rarely use chemical fertilizers in producing pearl millet and cowpea. A 3-yr study was conducted in farmer's fields at two locations in South Western Niger to investigate yield response of six cowpea cultivars to applied P-fertilizer (0, 8, 16 kg ha−1) when intercropped with millet. Significant yield differences were found between cultivars for their seed and dry fodder yield at all rates of applied P. Cultivars responded differently to the application of P. Millet grain was more than doubled with the addition of 8 to 16 kg P ha−1. Cowpea cultivars did not have significant differential effect on millet yields. Cowpea cultivars differed significantly in the accumulation of P in fodder with the highest yielding cultivars taking up more P than the low yielding ones. The results have important implications for breeding and selection of cowpea cultivars that are adapted to a range of fertility levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048776
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agronomic and economic evaluation of Tilemsi phosphate rock in different agroecological zones of Mali (1997)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 48 (1997), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: agronomic and economic evaluation ; cropping systems ; indigenousphosphate rock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus deficiency is known as one of the major constraints to crop production in West Africa. Farmer-managed trials were conducted in three agroecological zones of Mali to evaluate the profitability of Tilemsi phosphate rock (TPR) in different crop-rotation systems in comparison with conventional water-soluble fertilizers. Marginal analyses were used to compare treatments tested. Results show that crop yields using TPR are comparable to those of recommended cotton- or cereal-complex imported fertilizers. The economic evaluation also clearly indicated that direct application of TPR is relatively profitable in comparison with recommended imported fertilizers and that good management enhances the profitability of fertilizers in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009784812549
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus seed coating increases phosphorus uptake, early growth and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) grown on an acid sandy soil in Niger, West Africa (1993)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 35 (1993), S. 151-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: emergence ; pearl millet ; P seed coating ; plant development ; P uptake ; West Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In pot and field experiments conducted in 1990 and 1991 on an acid sandy, phosphorus (P) deficient soil in Niger, West Africa, the effect of seed coating on seedling emergence, early growth and grain yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) was studied. Seeds of pearl millet were coated with different rates (0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 5.0; 10.0 mg P seed−1) and types of P fertilizers (single superphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; monocalcium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium triphosphate). Seedling emergence was generally reduced at coating rates higher than 0.5 mg P seed−1 and prevented with single superphosphate and sodium triphosphate at rates higher than 5 mg P seed−1. No correlation was found between the pH and osmomolity of the coatings and final emergence of millet seedlings. The most favourable effect on plant growth and P content was achieved with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (AHP) as seed coating. This was attributed to the enhancement effect of ammonium on P uptake. Compared to the untreated control dry matter production at 20 days after planting (DAP) was increased by 280%, P content per plant by 330%, total biomass at maturity by 30% and grain yield by 45%. Although seed coating with AHP may be harmful to seedlings emergence, it represents a suitable method to enhance early growth and increase yield of pearl millet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750633
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alleviating soil fertility constraints to increased crop production in West Africa: The experience in the Sahel (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 29 (1991), S. 95-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Semi-arid West Africa ; Sahel ; soil fertility ; fertilizers ; on-farm evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Lack of moisture limits crop production in semi-arid west Africa but poor soil fertility is a more serious constraint in the long run. Work done by IFDC and ICRISAT showed that phosphorus is the most limiting nutrient although response by millet to nitrogen when moisture and P are non-limiting can be substantial. A summary of the results of field trials in Niger showed that the sufficiency level for P estimated by regression analysis on the basis of Bray 1 extractable P is 7.9µg P/g of soil for 90% of maximum yield of millet. Application of 15–20 kg P/ha was usually adequate for optimum yields. Matam phosphate rock (PR) from Senegal, Tilemsi PR from Mali and Tahoua PR from Niger which are medium reactive were found to be suitable for direct application while partial acidulation (50% with sulfuric acid) of the less reactive phosphate rocks resulted in products with similar agronomic effectiveness as commercial superphosphates. Tests conducted by farmers showed that millet yields can be increased by more than 250% by the use of fertilizers. The need for constant monitoring of the crop needs for sulfur and potassium under continuous cultivation was highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048992
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of liming and carbofuran on groundnut yield in sandy soils in Niger (1992)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 33 (1992), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Al ; Arachis hypogaea ; carbofuran ; lime ; nematodes ; pH ; yields
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract One of the constraints to groundnut production in sandy soils of Niger is crop growth variability. In early 1989, a trial on the effect of lime and carbofuran on soil pH, Al toxicity, nematode population and groundnut yield was initiated to study crop growth variability. Groundnut was sown in the 1989 rainy season, followed by pearl millet (Pennisatum glaucum) in the 1989–90 dry season and again groundnut in the 1990–91 rainy, and dry seasons. In 1989 the carbofuran treatment increased the pod yield. Lime application did not change the pH and exchangeable Al+++ contents in the soil and did not increase groundnut yield. In the 1990–91 rainy and dry season, however, the application of 10 t ha−1 of lime increased pH, decreased exchangeable Al+++, improved crop growth and increased the yield of groundnut to the same level as was achieved by the carbofuran treatment. Application of lime did not affect the nematode population, which were reduced by the carbofuran.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050875
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