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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (12)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The efficacy and safety of different regiments of intravenously administered enprofylline, an anti-asthma xanthine, were evaluated in a randomized open study, including 155 patients with acute exacerbation of obstructive long disease. The regimen 2.5 mg/kg i.v over 10 min was canceled after seven patients had been included, due to tow cases of hypotensive/vasovagal reactions. The regimens 2.0 mg/kg/20 min and 2.5 mg/kg/20 min were significantly more effective with regard to bronchodilation than 2.0 mg/kg/10 min (PEF Increase +35%+ 30% and +17% respectively). Nausea and headache were the most common side effects (16–33% and 23–33% of the patients respectively on different regimens) with the lowest frequency on 2.0 mg/kg/20 min Four additional hypotensive reactions occurred: one on each 2.0 mg/kg regimen and two on 2.5 mg/kg/20 min. The regimen 2.0 mg/kg/20 min was found to be the most favourable with regard to efficacy and side effects. Enprofylline i.v. was found to be an effective bronchodilating treatment of acute airway obstruction but the frequency of side effects has to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 4 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The reported high use of anti-asthmatic drugs in cross-country skiers prompted a study to assess the prevalence of self-reported asthma, asthma-associated symptoms and the use of anti-asthmatic medication among cross-country skiers. A self-administered questionnaire based on the Medical Research Council questionnaire was answered by cross-country skiers in the Swedish national ski team, in upper secondary school ski-classes and in the Swedish army (n=305). Controls (n=141) were pupils from regular classes in the same upper secondary schools. Skiers more often gave posi- tive answers to all questions on asthma and asthma-associated symptoms. The cumulative prevalence of asthma was 15% in skiers and 6% in controls. We conclude that the common use of anti-asthmatic drugs among cross-country skiers reflects a high prevalence of self-reported asthma and asthma-associated symptoms. The causes of these differences are un-known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Psychosomatic Research 21 (1977), S. 33-39 
    ISSN: 0022-3999
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 73 (1988), S. 87-100 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Raclopride ; D-2 receptors ; in vivo binding ; rat substituted benzamides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The stereospecific blockade by raclopride and FLB472 (the R enantiomer of raclopride) of the specific in vivo binding of [3H]-spiperone, [3H]-N,N-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) and [3H]-raclopride was studied in seven brain regions (e.g., caudate nucleus, olfactory tubercle, septum, hippocampus, frontal cortex, substantia nigra, pituitary gland) of the male albino rat. The binding of all three ligands was dose-dependently blocked by raclopride and FLB472. The blockade by FLB 472 occurred at doses 50–100 times higher than that obtained by raclopride. The maximal blockade by raclopride of [3H]-spiperone binding differed between brain areas. Thus, the largest blockade was obtained in the substantia nigra (95%), septum (90%), caudate nucleus (60%) and olfactory tubercle (60%), while the blockade of [3H]-spiperone binding in the frontal cortex and pituitary gland did not exceed 30% and 50%, respectively. In contrast to [3H]-spiperone, the in vivo binding of [3H]-NPA and [3H]-raclopride was prevented by 90–100% in all brain areas examined. Taken together, the present findings indicate that the in vivo binding of three radioactive ligands to a central dopamine D-2 receptor can be stereoselectively blocked by the enantiomers of raclopride. The findings suggest that, under in vivo conditions, [3H]-raclopride and [3H]-NPA may label a closely related receptor site. However only some of the [3H]-spiperone binding sites may be identical to the [3H]-raclopride binding sites. The findings indicate furthermore that the relative overlap of D-2 sites shared by [3H]-spiperone and [3H]-raclopride may vary between brain regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 76 (1989), S. 13-28 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Dopamine ; D-2 receptors ; in vivo binding ; 3H-raclopride ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The substituted benzamide drug [3H]-raclopride (Köhler et al., 1985) was used to label dopamine D-2 receptors within the individual lobes of the pituitary gland as well as in the brain of male rats in vivo. The in vivo [3H]-raclopride binding was found to be saturable, reversible and of high specificity. Between 5–30% of the binding was non-specific at saturating concentrations dependent upon the lobe of the pituitary gland as well as of the brain region (e.g., caudate nucleus and olfactory tubercle) studied. Saturation analyses revealed Bmax-values of 12.9±1.6 and 2.2±0.9pmol·g−1 wet weight in the intermediate and anterior lobes, respectively with respective KD values of 6.5±4.6 and 7.3±2.4 nmol·kg−1. Quantitative autoradiographic studies using a single concentration of [3H]-raclopride showed a similar relationship with regard to binding densities in the different lobes, and showed, in addition, that the posterior lobe contained the lowest number of specific [3H]-raclopride binding sites. The binding capacities and affinities of binding were 12.9±1.7 and 9.2±2.8 respectively in the caudate nucleus and 6.1±0.7 and 9.3±2.7 respectively in the olfactory tubercle. The pharmacological analysis revealed that (S)sulpiride, remoxipride and raclopride were 10 to 125 times more potent than their corresponding isomers [(R)sulpridie, FLA 731(−), and FLB 472, respectively] in blocking the in vivo [3H]raclopride binding in the pituitary gland as well as in brain. The in vivo potency of different D-2 antagonists in preventing the [3H]-raclopride binding in the anterior and intermediate lobes was: spiperone 〉 domperidone 〉 raclopride 〉 (S)sulpiride 〉 remoxipride. The D-1 selective antagonist SCH 23390 did not block the in vivo binding of [3H]-raclopride neither in the pituitary lobes nor in the brain. In agreement with these findings the D-2 agonists N,N-propylnorapomorphine and quinpirole (LY 171555) but not the D-1 agonist SKF 38393-A blocked the specific in vivo [3H]-raclopride binding in the pituitary gland as well as in the brain. Comparisons between the relative potencies of different drugs in blocking pituitary and brain D-2 receptors in vivo showed that some drugs, including sulpiride and domperidone, were more potent in the pituitary gland than in the brain, while remoxipride and raclopride were equipotent in the two areas. The D-2 agonists tested appeared to be slightly more potent in the brain than in the pituitary gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Remoxipride ; dopamine ; drug distribution ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The regional brain distribution and binding of the antipsychotic benzamide drug remoxipride was studied in the male rat. After i.v. injections of3 H-remoxipride (1 μmol · kg−1) more than 85% of the radioactivity was identified as authentic remoxipride in brain by using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Autoradiographic and spectroscopic analysis showed that3 H-remoxipride was distributed relatively even in different brain areas, with exception of the following structures, which showed highest drug concentrations: the choroid plexus, septum, medial part of the caudate nucleus, different areas of the thalamus and hypothalamus situated close to the cerebral ventricles. A closer analysis of the autoradiograms showed a gradient of radioactivity extending from the cerebral ventricles to the deeper parts of the brain at 30 minutes after injections. After 60 minutes radioactivity was detected throughout all forebrain dopamine receptive areas. These findings suggest that remoxipride enters the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via the vascular bed of the choroid plexus and that it enters the brain interstitial fluid from the CSF. In the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle and olfactory bulb 30–40% of the radioactivity was reduced by pretreatment with the dopamine D-2 selective drug raclopride. In addition, small, but significant, reductions (10–15%) of3H-remoxipride derived radioactivity was found in the neocortex, hippocampus and the cerebellum, suggesting that remoxipride interacts with a D-2 receptor also in these cortical structures. Taken together, these studies show that after i.v. injections,3H-remoxipride enters the brain primarily in unmetabolized form when given in doses that affect DA receptor mediated behaviours, that it distributes to most areas throughout the neuraxis and that it binds to D-2 receptors in different parts of the basal ganglia, neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; hypertensive therapy ; drug utilization ; therapeutic traditions ; international differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A questionnaire survey based on hypertension case histories was performed among a representative sample of 400 GP's and hospital doctors in Northern Ireland, Norway and Sweden, countries having markedly different utilization of antihypertensive drugs. We found a greater propensity to start antihypertensive drug treatment in Northern Ireland than in Norway and Sweden. This was true both in mild diastolic and isolated systolic hypertension. Yet the utilization of antihypertensive drugs in Sweden is about 60% higher than in Northern Ireland and 30% higher than in Norway. Swedish physicians preferred beta-blockers as their first choice to a greater extent than physicians in Northern Ireland and Norway who selected thiazides more often. In general, the choice of drugs agreed with the sales and prescribing patterns in the three countries. Besides providing more insight in therapeutic traditions the study indicates that the lower prescribing of antihypertensive drugs in Northern Ireland, and to some extent in Norway, compared to Sweden, might be due to differences in true or apparent morbidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 37-43 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pregnancy ; drug exposure ; Prescribing ; Methodology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prescription data have been analysed in order to study drug exposure of women before, during and after pregnancy as compared to non-pregnant controls. During full term pregnancy (n=341) drug exposure increased markedly, mostly due to prescription of drugs such as iron and vitamins. Excluding these drugs, the increase was statistically significant only for one third of the women whose case records revealed some intercurrent disease during pregnancy. Women whose pregnancy ended in a spontaneous abortion (n=29) did not differ significantly from controls in terms of drug exposure before, during or after pregnancy. In an induced abortion group (n=60), drug exposure was more pronounced before pregnancy than in the other pregnant patients or controls. On comparing the drug history obtained from delivery records with that obtained in this study it was found that only diuretics and urinary tract chemotherapeutics had been noted fairly consistently in the former records.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Prescriptions ; drug exposure ; pharmacotherapy ; surveillance ; methodology ; side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prescribed drugs dispensed to 13% (17 000) of the inhabitants in the county of Jämtland, Sweden, have been continuously recorded since 1970. Individual patients in the investigation are fully identifiable by their identity number as used in Sweden, so patients exposed to a particular drug or group of drugs can be reached subsequently, e. g. for studies of the incidence and nature of side effects. The following information is coded at the local pharmacies: prescribing physician, dispensing pharmacy, year and week of dispensation, name, amount and price of drug, dosage, type of prescription record. In a five year period the drop-out rate has decreased from 9% in 1970 to 4% in 1974. Every year at least one drug is prescribed for approximately 60% of the population. During the five year period 74% of the male and 80% of the female population purchased prescription drugs. The representative nature of the data is discussed, as well as their value in detection of irrational drug usage and ascertaining any particular patient's drug history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 45-49 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Drug consumption ; blood donors ; blood recipients ; adverse drug effects ; drug information
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Drug prescriptions in the county of Jämtland, Sweden, have been examined in order to estimate drug exposure of blood donors. During the period 1970–74 a donor group (n=292) purchased significantly more drugs than non-donors matched for age, sex and residential area in the county. This was true for most drug categories, except for cardiovascular and endocrine drugs and iron preparations. The actual consumption of the drugs obtained was not investigated. Prospective studies are required to assess the clinical consequences of the surprisingly high drug exposure of blood donors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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