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  • 1
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The efficacy and safety of different regiments of intravenously administered enprofylline, an anti-asthma xanthine, were evaluated in a randomized open study, including 155 patients with acute exacerbation of obstructive long disease. The regimen 2.5 mg/kg i.v over 10 min was canceled after seven patients had been included, due to tow cases of hypotensive/vasovagal reactions. The regimens 2.0 mg/kg/20 min and 2.5 mg/kg/20 min were significantly more effective with regard to bronchodilation than 2.0 mg/kg/10 min (PEF Increase +35%+ 30% and +17% respectively). Nausea and headache were the most common side effects (16–33% and 23–33% of the patients respectively on different regimens) with the lowest frequency on 2.0 mg/kg/20 min Four additional hypotensive reactions occurred: one on each 2.0 mg/kg regimen and two on 2.5 mg/kg/20 min. The regimen 2.0 mg/kg/20 min was found to be the most favourable with regard to efficacy and side effects. Enprofylline i.v. was found to be an effective bronchodilating treatment of acute airway obstruction but the frequency of side effects has to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 4 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The reported high use of anti-asthmatic drugs in cross-country skiers prompted a study to assess the prevalence of self-reported asthma, asthma-associated symptoms and the use of anti-asthmatic medication among cross-country skiers. A self-administered questionnaire based on the Medical Research Council questionnaire was answered by cross-country skiers in the Swedish national ski team, in upper secondary school ski-classes and in the Swedish army (n=305). Controls (n=141) were pupils from regular classes in the same upper secondary schools. Skiers more often gave posi- tive answers to all questions on asthma and asthma-associated symptoms. The cumulative prevalence of asthma was 15% in skiers and 6% in controls. We conclude that the common use of anti-asthmatic drugs among cross-country skiers reflects a high prevalence of self-reported asthma and asthma-associated symptoms. The causes of these differences are un-known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Psychosomatic Research 21 (1977), S. 33-39 
    ISSN: 0022-3999
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 37-43 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pregnancy ; drug exposure ; Prescribing ; Methodology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prescription data have been analysed in order to study drug exposure of women before, during and after pregnancy as compared to non-pregnant controls. During full term pregnancy (n=341) drug exposure increased markedly, mostly due to prescription of drugs such as iron and vitamins. Excluding these drugs, the increase was statistically significant only for one third of the women whose case records revealed some intercurrent disease during pregnancy. Women whose pregnancy ended in a spontaneous abortion (n=29) did not differ significantly from controls in terms of drug exposure before, during or after pregnancy. In an induced abortion group (n=60), drug exposure was more pronounced before pregnancy than in the other pregnant patients or controls. On comparing the drug history obtained from delivery records with that obtained in this study it was found that only diuretics and urinary tract chemotherapeutics had been noted fairly consistently in the former records.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Prescriptions ; drug exposure ; pharmacotherapy ; surveillance ; methodology ; side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prescribed drugs dispensed to 13% (17 000) of the inhabitants in the county of Jämtland, Sweden, have been continuously recorded since 1970. Individual patients in the investigation are fully identifiable by their identity number as used in Sweden, so patients exposed to a particular drug or group of drugs can be reached subsequently, e. g. for studies of the incidence and nature of side effects. The following information is coded at the local pharmacies: prescribing physician, dispensing pharmacy, year and week of dispensation, name, amount and price of drug, dosage, type of prescription record. In a five year period the drop-out rate has decreased from 9% in 1970 to 4% in 1974. Every year at least one drug is prescribed for approximately 60% of the population. During the five year period 74% of the male and 80% of the female population purchased prescription drugs. The representative nature of the data is discussed, as well as their value in detection of irrational drug usage and ascertaining any particular patient's drug history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 45-49 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Drug consumption ; blood donors ; blood recipients ; adverse drug effects ; drug information
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Drug prescriptions in the county of Jämtland, Sweden, have been examined in order to estimate drug exposure of blood donors. During the period 1970–74 a donor group (n=292) purchased significantly more drugs than non-donors matched for age, sex and residential area in the county. This was true for most drug categories, except for cardiovascular and endocrine drugs and iron preparations. The actual consumption of the drugs obtained was not investigated. Prospective studies are required to assess the clinical consequences of the surprisingly high drug exposure of blood donors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; hypertensive therapy ; drug utilization ; therapeutic traditions ; international differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A questionnaire survey based on hypertension case histories was performed among a representative sample of 400 GP's and hospital doctors in Northern Ireland, Norway and Sweden, countries having markedly different utilization of antihypertensive drugs. We found a greater propensity to start antihypertensive drug treatment in Northern Ireland than in Norway and Sweden. This was true both in mild diastolic and isolated systolic hypertension. Yet the utilization of antihypertensive drugs in Sweden is about 60% higher than in Northern Ireland and 30% higher than in Norway. Swedish physicians preferred beta-blockers as their first choice to a greater extent than physicians in Northern Ireland and Norway who selected thiazides more often. In general, the choice of drugs agreed with the sales and prescribing patterns in the three countries. Besides providing more insight in therapeutic traditions the study indicates that the lower prescribing of antihypertensive drugs in Northern Ireland, and to some extent in Norway, compared to Sweden, might be due to differences in true or apparent morbidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 207-210 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: drug use ; defined daily dose (DDD) ; estimation of drug use ; prescription monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the accuracy of the DDD per 1000 inhabitants per unit time as an estimate of the fraction of drug users within a population, DDD figures have been compared with the proportion of apparent drug users, i.e. individuals in the population for who a prescriptions had been dispensed. An individual-based prescription monitoring project provided the necessary data for eight drugs representing continuous long-term medication, short-term medication and medication falling in between those two categories. For digoxin, the long-term drug, the number of DDD/1000 inhabitants/day was about 40% below the proportion of apparent drug users. The DDD figure for antibiotics ranged from 4% below to 28% above the apparent users, and for the remaining drugs it ranged from 17% below (bendroflumethiazide, 1982) to 80% below (naproxen, 1985). The DDD methodology is a valuable first step in overall drug use measurement, but for more precise estimates of drug use it must be supplemented by other techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 329-334 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prescription monitoring ; drug dosage ; Sweden ; Jämtland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prescribed doses of drugs for which individualisation of dosage is deemed necessary were recorded from one national and one local Swedish prescription monitoring study for the years 1976, 1982 and 1985. Dose patterns were analysed in order to determine whether the practice of individualising drug doses had become more widely adopted by physicians. Amongst drugs eliminated primarily by metabolism, (propranolol and amitriptyline were prescribed in highly variable doses (30-fold or more). The three commonest doses of these agents accounted for about 60% of the prescriptions. In general, doses decreased with increasing patient age. Prescribing practices for piroxicam differed markedly from those of propranolol and amitriptyline, with one fixed dose of piroxicam accounting for about 90% of all prescriptions. For drugs eliminated mainly by renal excretion (digoxin, cimetidine and atenolol) there was an 8–10-fold variation in the prescribed doses. The most frequent dose of these drugs accounted for 40–60% of the prescriptions. Doses of cimetidine and atenolol were lowered only in the oldest patients. The doses of digoxin decreased more evenly with increasing age, and were reduced in elderly patients on long-term maintenance therapy. The difference in digoxin dose between young and old patients increased during the study period. Prescription monitoring as a method for following-up drug usage may be instrumental in evaluating the effect of drug educational efforts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 73 (1988), S. 87-100 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Raclopride ; D-2 receptors ; in vivo binding ; rat substituted benzamides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The stereospecific blockade by raclopride and FLB472 (the R enantiomer of raclopride) of the specific in vivo binding of [3H]-spiperone, [3H]-N,N-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) and [3H]-raclopride was studied in seven brain regions (e.g., caudate nucleus, olfactory tubercle, septum, hippocampus, frontal cortex, substantia nigra, pituitary gland) of the male albino rat. The binding of all three ligands was dose-dependently blocked by raclopride and FLB472. The blockade by FLB 472 occurred at doses 50–100 times higher than that obtained by raclopride. The maximal blockade by raclopride of [3H]-spiperone binding differed between brain areas. Thus, the largest blockade was obtained in the substantia nigra (95%), septum (90%), caudate nucleus (60%) and olfactory tubercle (60%), while the blockade of [3H]-spiperone binding in the frontal cortex and pituitary gland did not exceed 30% and 50%, respectively. In contrast to [3H]-spiperone, the in vivo binding of [3H]-NPA and [3H]-raclopride was prevented by 90–100% in all brain areas examined. Taken together, the present findings indicate that the in vivo binding of three radioactive ligands to a central dopamine D-2 receptor can be stereoselectively blocked by the enantiomers of raclopride. The findings suggest that, under in vivo conditions, [3H]-raclopride and [3H]-NPA may label a closely related receptor site. However only some of the [3H]-spiperone binding sites may be identical to the [3H]-raclopride binding sites. The findings indicate furthermore that the relative overlap of D-2 sites shared by [3H]-spiperone and [3H]-raclopride may vary between brain regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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