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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival, haemodynamics and cardiac remodelling follow up in mice after myocardial infarction (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. In the present study, the time-course, over a 1 year period, of postischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy and/or development of congestive heart failure was investigated in mice in terms of survival and cardiac functional and structural characteristics.2. C57BL/6 mice with myocardial infarction (MI mice; coronary ligation n = 78) or sham-operated animals (n = 45) were used and echocardiographic, haemodynamic and histomorphometric parameters were assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months post-MI.3. At 12 months, the survival rate was 70% in MI mice. Left ventricular dysfunction was evidenced by a strong decrease in ejection fraction (EF; −48 and −53% at 6 and 12 months, respectively; both P 〈 0.05) and an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (+100% at both 6 and 12 months; both P 〈 0.05). There was no major worsening in cardiac function between 6 and 12 months, suggesting strong compensatory mechanisms. Cardiac remodelling was observed, characterized by strong left ventricular hypertrophy (+38 and +62% at 6 and 12 months, respectively; both P 〈 0.05) and dilatation (+53% at 6 months; P 〈 0.05), but collagen was not significantly increased. Significant correlations were found between EF (echocardiography) and dP/dtmax, between end-diastolic volume (echocardiography) and left ventricular internal perimeter (histomorphometry) and between left ventricular mass (echocardiography) and weight.4. In conclusion, despite a high survival rate, the MI mouse model displays most of the hallmarks of postischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy and/or congestive heart failure, thus affording the necessary background for the subsequent evaluation of gene manipulation and/or drug effects. In addition, two-dimensional echocardiography appears to be a suitable tool for the long-term follow up of cardiac function and remodelling in this model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03784.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coronary Dilatation Reserve In Experimental Hypertension And Chronic Heart Failure: Effects Of Blockade Of The Renin–Angiotensin System (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The aim of the present study was to investigate left and right ventricular (LV and RV, respectively) coronary vasodilatation reserve (CVR; fluorescent microsphere technique) in rats with hypertension (spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)) or congestive heart failure (CHF) and the effects of early and chronic renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockade thereupon.2. In adult SHR, both LV and RV CVR were impaired, especially in the non-hypertrophied RV, the main factor involved being coronary vascular remodelling. Blockade of the RAS normalized both LV and RV CVR, mainly through the prevention of hypertension and suppression of the resulting pericoronary fibrosis.3. In postischaemic CHF rats, there was an early and severe degradation of LV and RV CVR that developed before any significant vascular remodelling and appeared to be linked to the deterioration of cardiac hypertrophy and haemodynamics. This degradation in CVR further worsened over the longer term due to late-developing pericoronary fibrosis and endothelial dysfunction. Blockade of the RAS had no early effects on LV and RV CVR, but improved RV CVR over the long term, mainly by limiting RV hypertrophy and by preventing the development of pericoronary fibrosis and coronary endothelial dysfunction.4. In kallikrein–kinin system-deficient mice, CVR was not different from that of wild-type mice, suggesting that this system is not implicated in normal CVR regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03573.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potentialisation de l'isoprénaline par l'association 6-hydroxydopamine et réserpine (1971)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 27 (1971), S. 1194-1195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In rats pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine and reserpine, isolated atrial and duodenal preparations develop a supersensitivity to isoprenaline effects. It is suggested that, in 6-hydroxydopamine chemically sympathectomized animals, reserpine might exert a sensitizing post-synaptic effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02286924
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Adrenoceptor blocking drugs, heart rate and genetic hypertension development in rats (1979)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 656-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) chronically treated during their growth with β-adrenoceptor blocking drugs, no correlation was found between the reduction in heart rate and the prevention of genetic hypertension development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960381
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of hydroxocobalamin and cobalt edetate at equipotent cyanide antidotal doses in conscious dogs (1993)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 19 (1993), S. 26-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Cyanide ; Hydroxocobalamin ; Cobalt edetate ; Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives The hemodynamic effects of two cyanide antidotes, hydroxocobalamin and cobalt edetate were compared. Design This experimental study was performed in chronically instrumented conscious dogs and at equipotent cyanide antidotal doses (hydroxocobalamin 70 mg·kg−1; cobalt edetate 10.5 mg·kg−1). Results Peak plasma cobalt concentrations did not differ in the two groups (412±183 vs 400±160 μmol·1−1). Hydroxocobalamin induced a slight increase in mean arterial pressure (+17±9%,p〈0.05) and systemic resistance (+19±15%,p〈0.05). In contrast, cobalt edetate induced an increase in heart rate (+78±33%,p〈0.05), in cardiac output (+63±39%,p〈0.05), and in maximum rise of left ventricular pressure (+33±15%,p〈0.05), did not modify mean arterial pressure, and decreased systemic resistance (−36±15%,p〈0.05). These hemodynamic effects were associated with an increase in plasma catecholamine concentrations (epinephrine: 2524±3025 vs. 58±37 pg·ml−1,p〈0.05; norepinephrine: 1106±609 vs. 343±146 pg·ml−1,p〈0.05), which in contrast remained unchanged after hydroxocobalamin administration. Cobalt edetate also induced an increase in blood glucose concentrations (9.9±1.9 vs. 6.1±1.2 mmol·l−1,p〈0.05) and a moderate metabolic acidosis, whereas hydroxocobalamin did not. After adrenergic (α1,β) and cholinergic receptor blockade, cobalt edetate did not modify heart rate and various indices of cardiac function, suggesting that it has no direct cardiac effects. Conclusion Considering its lack of hemodynamically relevant effects, these results indicate that hydroxocobalamin is potentially a safer cyanide antidote than cobalt edetate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709274
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the effects of dilevalol and propranolol on systemic and regional haemodynamics in healthy volunteers at rest and during exercise (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 47 (1994), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Dilevalol ; Propranolol ; intrinsic sympathomimetic activity ; healthy volunteers ; pulsed Doppler ; regional haemodynamics ; plasma renin activity ; plasma atrial natriuretic factor ; plasma norepinephrine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of single oral doses of dilevalol 400 mg and propranolol 80 mg on systemic and regional haemodynamics at rest and after sub-maximal exercise, were compared, in a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind, crossover study in 6 healthy male volunteers. At rest, as compared to placebo, neither dilevalol nor propranolol significantly affected arterial pressure and heart rate but, whereas propranolol decreased cardiac output (−27% at 2 h) and tended to increase total peripheral resistance, dilevalol tended to increase cardiac output and decreased total peripheral resistance (−7% at 2 h). Neither dilevalol nor propranolol affected brachial artery diameter. Propranolol tended to decrease brachial artery flow (−20% at 2 h) and to increase brachial vascular resistance (+25% at 2 h), but dilevalol did not and the brachial irrigation ratios did not change. Neither of the drugs affected carotid haemodynamics or plasma atrial natriuretic factor. Both drugs tended to decrease plasma renin activity, and dilevalol (+82% at 2 h) increased norepinephrine more than propranolol (+19% at 2 h). After exercise, dilevalol and propranolol produced similar falls in the induced increases in arterial pressure, heart rate and cardiac output, and had the same effects on regional haemodynamics, plasma renin activity and atrial natriuretic factor. Finally, dilevalol greatly increased plasma norepinephrine. We conclude that the β2-adrenoceptor agonist activity of dilevalol was clearly expressed at rest, thus inducing vasodilation and counteracting the β-adrenoceptor blockade-induced negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. However, during sub-maximal exercise, only the β-adrenoceptor antagonist activity of dilevalol was apparent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193476
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non invasive study of systemic and regional haemodynamic and cardiac effects of a new calcium antagonist, SR 33557, in healthy volunteers (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Calcium antagonist ; Doppler techniques ; regional haemodynamics ; cardiac effects ; healthy volunteers ; SR 33 557 ; heart rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The systemic and regional haemodynamic and cardiac effects of two oral doses (100 and 300 mg) of a new sulphone-indolizine calcium antagonist SR 33 557 (SR) and a placebo were non invasively investigated in a double-blind, cross-over study in 6 healthy male volunteers. Arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, brachial and carotid artery diameters and flows and PR and QT intervals were studied. Stroke volume, total peripheral and forearm vascular resistance, regional cardiac output distribution indices and corrected QT intervals were calculated. SR did not produce any significant modification in systemic haemodynamics, although arterial pressure and cardiac output tended to decrease slightly after 300 mg. In contrast, at the regional level, ST produced strong vasodilatation and significantly increased brachial and carotid blood flow. SR-induced vasodilation affected only the arterioles, as shown by a significant decrease in forearm vascular resistance, but not the large arteries, as shown by lack of change in the brachial and carotid artery diameters. SR-induced vasodilation preferentially affected the brachial rather than the carotid vascular bed, resulting in a redistribution of cardiac output towards the musculo-cutaneous territories. SR caused a marked and long-lasting decrease in heart rate, but it did not affect the auriculo-ventricular conduction time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314962
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of sex on the clinical pharmacology of flutiorex, a new anorectic drug (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Flutiorex ; pharmacokinetics ; sex ; anorectic agent ; sympathetic stimulation ; CNS stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of flutiorex, a new anorectic agent, and of a placebo on food intake and the activity of the sympathetic and central nervous systems have been compared in a double blind trial in two groups of healthy volunteers, one of five males and the other of five females. Flutiorex 20 mg orally had a significant anorectic effect both in males and females, the observed reduction in food intake being 34.0 and 27.5%, respectively. It caused α-adrenergic stimulation (blood pressure and pupil diameter) and central nervous system excitation (critical flicker frequency), both of which were more marked in males than in females. Flutiorex was better tolerated by women than by men. Measurement of the blood level of flutiorex and its de-ethylated metabolite, norflutiorex, showed that both compounds were detectable in four of the five male subjects, but in only one of the five females. Sex-linked differences in the pharmacokinetics of flutiorex may explain the greater intensity of its effects in males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00565621
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation by diltiazem of arterial baroreflex sensitivity in man (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 675-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diltiazem ; baroreflex sensitivity ; plasma catecholamines ; normotensive subjects ; baroreceptor testing ; phenylephrine ; nitroglycerin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of oral diltiazem 120 mg, on the responses to baroreflex activation and deactivation by phenylephrine and nitroglycerin, respectively, were investigated in normotensive subjects, with simultaneous measurement of plasma catecholamine levels. Diltiazem significantly reduced the tachycardia induced by bolus injections of nitroglycerin and abolished the concomitant increase in plasma noradrenaline. It also significantly decreased the bradycardiac response to phenylephrine infusion. Diltiazem reduced, although not significantly so, the bradycardia induced by boluses of phenylephrine. The overall reduction in baroreflex sensitivity, which might contribute to the limited tachycardiac effect of diltiazem in man, is consistent with the drug-induced attenuation of the sympathetic and also of the parasympathetic components of the baroreceptor reflex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541924
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospective study of the potentiation of acenocoumarol by amiodarone (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 625-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: amiodarone ; acenocoumarol ; antivitamin K ; drug interaction ; prothrombin activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of oral amiodarone on the anticoagulant effect of the coumarine derivative acenocoumarol has been investigated prospectively in 10 patients with normal renal, hepatic and haematological function and who were not in cardiac failure. The daily dose of acenocoumarol was sufficient to produce a prothrombin activity of 25 to 35%. When the prothrombin time had become stable amiodarone 600 mg/d was administered for 1 week followed by 400 mg/d for the next 3 weeks. A decrease in prothrombin activity from 30.5 to 20.2% was observed, associated with a decrease in vitamin K coagulation factors, after a mean of 4 days following commencement of amiodarone. In 6 patients a prothrombin activity 〈20% required a 60% reduction in the dose of acenocoumarol after 1 week of amiodarone 600 mg, and a 33% reduction after 3 weeks of amiodarone 400 mg. There was no correlation between the plasma amiodarone and the decrease in prothrombin activity. Inhibition of acenocoumarol metabolism by amiodarone is the most likely explanation of these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607905
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