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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 746 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 10 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Synthetic and naturally occurring steroids exert a variety of neural effects that include modulation of nocturnal sleep. The present study focuses on the effect of progesterone receptor (PR) activation on the nocturnal sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) in male volunteers. As a PR ligand, the synthetic progesterone megestrol was used, which has the advantage over progesterone in that it is not metabolized into other steroid compounds which could cloud the progesterone-mediated effects through their own neuroactive properties. Nine healthy male volunteers were investigated in a prospective single-blind randomized study design. They received either placebo tablets or megestrol acetate dosages of 160, 320 or 480 mg at 14.00 h and 19.00 h. Blood samples were drawn half-hourly from 22.00 h until 07.00 h. After 320 mg megestrol, plasma adrenocorticotropin secretion was lower and growth hormone secretion was higher than after 160 mg and 480 mg megestrol or placebo. Similarly, the reduction in the relative amount of rapid eye movement sleep was most pronounced after 320 mg. Thus, progesterone receptor activation, as reflected by the sleep EEG and associated pituitary hormone secretion, follows a nonlinear U-shape dose dependency of a well-defined PR ligand, which may explain the unresolved inconsistencies of neuroendocrine progesterone effects to date. Moreover, employing a CV1 cell line, contransfected with a human glucocorticoid receptor expression vector and a reporter gene-based detection system for transcriptional activity, revealed that a PR agonist such as megestrol may also activate glucocorticoid receptors. This may account for some of the neuroendocrine effects of megestrol and other progestins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Autoregulation of receptor systems by their own ligands is a well established biological phenomenon. While down-regulation of the glucocorticoid binding capacity by glucocorticoids has been shown in animals and humans, data on up-regulation processes in humans are lacking. To further explore glucocorticoid receptor plasticity in relation to endogenous ligands, glucocorticoid binding parameters were assessed in 15 healthy controls before and after oral administration of 1.5 g metyrapone with and without dexamethasone pretreatment. Administration of metyrapone resulted in blockade of the feedback of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system as shown by the rise in adrenocorticotropin levels, while pretreatment with 1 mg dexamethasone completely suppressed adrenocorticotropin concentrations. Glucocorticoid binding sites per lymphocyte exhibited an increase of 63% following metyrapone administration, which was prevented by dexamethasone pretreatment. Comparison of morning and afternoon glucocorticoid binding sites per cell in 11 healthy volunteers further revealed a diurnal rhythm of glucocorticoid receptor sites. These data suggest that human lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptors are under autoregulatory control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 59 (1968), S. 38-71 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei den trommelnden Perliden trommeln nicht nur die Männchen, sondern auch die Weibchen. 2. Das Trommeln der Männchen dient der Erkennung und Auffindung der Weibchen, die nur im unbegatteten Zustand das Trommeln erwidern. 3. Das Männchen trommelt immer zuerst, das Weibchen antwortet sofort danach. Bei Capnia, Perla und Dinocras sucht nur das Männchen, das Weibchen bleibt auf seinem Platz sitzen, während bei Isoperla sich beide Geschlechter gegenseitig suchen und beim Zusammentreffen trommeln. 4. Nach der ersten Kopulation trommeln die Weibchen nicht mehr und beginnen mit dem Legen von Eiern, die sie sonst über Tage und Wochen zurückhalten. 5. Werden die begatteten Weibehen zufällig von einem Männehen wiedergefunden, so können sie weitere Kopulationen durch eine charakteristische Verweigerungsstellung verhindern (Abb. 5). 6. Die Trommelstöße werden durch Auf- und Abschwingen des Abdomens hervorgebracht. 7. Die Übertragung der durch Trommelstöße ausgelösten Vibrationen erfolgt ausschließlich durch den Untergrund, nicht durch Schall. 8. Jede der untersuchten Perlidenarten trommelt mit einer für sie charakteristischen Frequenz und Dauer. 9. Die Spezifität und Variabilität der Trommelsignale sowie deren Vortragsweisen wurden durch künstlich erzeugte und variierte Trommelstöße überprüft und bestätigt. 10. Von den als Rezeptor möglichen Sinnesorganen wurde durch Ausschaltungsund lokale Reizungsversuche das Subgenualorgan als perzipierendes Sinnesorgan nachgewiesen. 11. Die Männchen von Capnia bifrons orientieren sich bei der Suche der Weibchen nach steigenden Intensitäten der Trommelstöße, die Männchen von Perla marginata, die meist an Stengeln sitzen, durch die Unterscheidung von vorne und hinten, sowie von rechts und links bei Blattabzweigungen. 12. Für die Berechnung der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit von Erschütterungen auf Pflanzen wird der Elastizitäts- und Torsionsmodul von Phalaris arundinacea L. bestimmt.
    Notes: Summary 1. Not only the males of the drumming stoneflies drum, but also the females. 2. The drumming of the males serves for recognizing and finding the females, which answer this drumming only in an uncoupled state. 3. The male drums first, afterwards the female answers at once. With Capnia, Perla and Dinocras only the males are in search for the females, which remain sitting on their places, whereas with Isoperla both (male and female) look for each other and drum when they meet each other. 4. After the first coupling the females do not drum any longer and they begin laying eggs, which they otherwise keep for days and weeks. 5. If the coupled females by chance are found again by a male, they may prevent further couplings by an attitude which is typical of the refusal (Fig. 5). 6. The knocks caused by drumming are produced by the up and down swinging of the abdomen. 7. The transference of the vibrations caused by the drumming exclusively takes place by the vibration of base, not by any sounds. 8. Each investigated species of the stoneflies drums with a frequency and duration only characteristic of this one species. 9. The specification and variability of the drum signals, as well as the way they drum were controlled and confirmed by drumming knocks which were artificially produced and varied. 10. The subgenual organ — one of the possible sense-organs for the reception — was proved to be the perceiving sense-organ by experiments which eleminated or stimulated certain parts of the body. 11. The males of Capnia bifrons find their way to the females by observing the increasing intensity of the drum knocks, the males of Perla marginata — which usually sit on stems — find their way by the devision of before and behind as well as by right and left hand side (of seperation of leaves). 12. For the calculation of the speed of the expansion of the vibration on plants there is destined the modulus of elasticity and torsion of Phalaris arundinacea L. (Gramineae).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 73 (1972), S. 325-342 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Bauchblase von Nemurella ist eine mediane Ausbuchtung des 9. Abdominalsternums. Sie kommt nur bei den ♂♂ vor. 2. Ventral und lateral sitzen nach den elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen mechanorezeptorische Sinneshaare. 3. Zu jedem Haar gehören eine bipolare Sinneszelle und jeweils drei Hüllzellen. Unterhalb der Basis des Tubularkörpers ragt eine Verstärkungsrippe der cuticularen Scheide nach innen. Diese dürfte dazu dienen, bei Reizung ein Ausweichen des Tubularkorpers nach unten zu verhindern. 4. Die Morphologie der Haare und ihre einheitliche Anordnung auf der Ventralseite in Längsrichtung der Bauchblase stimmen überein mit der Beobachtung, daß die Bauchblase zum Trommeln verwendet wird. 5. Das Trommeln eines Vertreters der Familie Nemouridae wird erstmals beschrieben: die ♂♂ klopfen mit kurzen Schlagfolgen, deren Frequenz von 10–50 Hz ansteigt; die ♀♀ antworten mit Signalen, deren Frequenz von 20 auf 47 Hz erhöht wird. 6. Für die Funktion der Bauchblase werden zwei Möglichkeiten angenommen: sie dient der Überprüfung des Untergrundes auf dessen Leitfähigkeit des Signals und/oder der Schlagzentrierung der Bewegung für eine genaue Frequenzeinhaltung auf unebenem Untergrund.
    Notes: Summary 1. The vesicle of Nemurella is a protrusion on the ventral side of the 9th abdominal segment. It is found only in males. 2. Fine-structure investigation shows mechanoreceptive hairs on the ventral and the lateral sides of the vesicle. 3. At the base of each hair is a bipolar sensory cell and three enveloping cells. Below the basis of the tubular body a supporting rib of the cuticular sheath protrudes inwards. This rib might serve to prevent a downward movement of the tubular body on stimulation. 4. The morphology of the hair and their uniform arrangement on the ventral side of the vesicle in longitudinal direction are in keeping with the observation that the vesicle is used for drumming. 5. The drumming of a representative of the Nemouridae family is described here for the first time: the males knock at short impulse-rates whose frequency gradually increases from 10 to 50 cycle/sec; the females answer with signals whose frequency rises from 20 to 47 cycle/sec. 6. There are two theories on to the function of the vesicle: a) it helps to explore or to check the signal-conductibility of the ground and/or b) it helps to centre the knocking movement and facilitates maintenance of an exact frequency of the signal on uneven ground.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The stress hormone–regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the causality as well as the treatment of depression. To investigate a possible association between genes regulating the HPA axis and response to antidepressants and susceptibility for depression, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 48 (1997), S. 21-25 
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Cutis marmorata teleangiectatica congenita ; van Lohuizen-Syndrom ; Angeborene Fehlbildungen ; Key words Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita ; van Lohuizen syndrome ; Congenital anomalies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (van Lohuizen) is a rare skin disease in newborn or very young children. From the dermatological point of view, therapy is either not necessary or uncomplicated. However, the dermatologist and/or the pediatrician need to search for possibly associated anomalies. Clinical characteristics of 15 patients examined in the Fachklinik Hornheide within the last 11 years are presented. By giving a survey of the anomalies associated with cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, we demonstrate the need of neuropediatric, ophthalmologic and orthopedic examinations in addition the pedriatic and dermatologic examinations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Cutis marmorata teleangiectatica congenita (van Lohuizen) ist eine seltene Hautkrankheit bei Neugeborenen oder Säuglingen. Aus rein dermatologischer Sicht ist eine Therapie meist nicht notwendig oder unkompliziert. Dem Hautarzt kommt aber zusammen mit dem Pädiater die zusätzliche Aufgabe zu, die Abklärung möglicher assoziierter Fehlbildungen zu veranlassen. Klinische Charakteristika von 15 in den letzten 11 Jahren in der Fachklinik Hornheide untersuchten Patienten werden beschrieben und anhand einer Übersicht der fakultativ mit der Cutis marmorata teleangiectatica congenita assoziierten Fehlbildungen die Notwendigkeit dargestellt, bei jedem Patienten neben kinderärztlichen und dermatologischen auch spezielle kinderneurologische, augenärztliche und orthopädische Untersuchungen vorzunehmen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Granuloma eosinophilicum faciei ; Granuloma faciale ; Kryotherapie ; Kryochirurgie ; Key words Granuloma eosinophilicum faciei ; Granuloma faciale ; Cryotherapy ; Cryosurgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Six patients with granuloma faciale, including patients with multiple lesions, were treated successfully with cryosurgery. Granuloma faciale is known to be difficult to treat. Cryosurgery is an effective and minimally invasive therapy for this granulomatous inflammation of the skin. It should be considered as an alternative to dapsone.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Sechs Patienten mit Granuloma eosinophilicum faciei, darunter auch Patienten mit multiplen Läsionen, wurden mit Erfolg kryochirurgisch behandelt. Das Granuloma eosinophilicum faciei ist gegenüber vielen Behandlungsformen therapieresistent. Die Kryotherapie stellt eine wirksame und wenig belastende Behandlung für diese granulomatöse Entzündung dar. Sie sollte als Therapiealternative gegenüber einer systemischen Behandlung mit Dapson erwogen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Progesterone ; Neuroleptic ; Psychosis ; Neurosteroids ; Schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is considerable evidence from epidemiological studies that the onset of psychiatric disorders may be related to changes in the secretion of gonadal hormones. For example, the postpartum period appears to be a vulnerable phase for the occurrence of psychiatric disturbances such as dysphoric mood and even severe psychotic disturbances. It has been suggested that a sudden drop in progesterone concentrations may contribute to the development of such disorders. Because the administration of this steroid might be of therapeutic value in psychiatric disturbances, we investigated the behavioral properties of progesterone in the rat to assess putative neuroleptic-like properties of this steroid. Progesterone administration dose-dependently increased the EEG activity during wakefulness in the 10- to 30-Hz frequency bands and decreased locomotor activity. While no anxiolytic activity could be detected in the plus maze, the highest dose of progesterone (90 mg/kg) exerted an inhibitory effect on the conditioned avoidance response. In contrast to haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg), progesterone neither produced catalepsy nor antagonized amphetamine-induced stereotypy. However, both progesterone (10, 30 and 90 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) effectively restored the disruption of the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR) that was evoked by apomorphine (2 mg/kg). In contrast, allopregnanolone (10 mg/kg), one of the main metabolites of progesterone, did not significantly antagonize the effect of apomorphine on the PPI. This behavioral profile of progesterone is compatible with the sedative properties of its metabolite allopregnanolone via the GABAA receptor, but also with the possibility that progesterone itself shares some properties with atypical antipsychotics, which may be relevant for the development and treatment of psychotic disturbances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Neurosteroids ; GABAA receptor ; Sleep ; EEG spectral analysis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Progesterone has been shown to exert benzodiazepine-like effects on sleep, which suggests that they are mediated by an agonistic modulation of GABAA receptor functioning. To assess the involvement of GABAA receptors, we investigated the sleep responses to one dose of the GABAA antagonist picrotoxin (1.5 mg/kg) and progesterone (90 mg/kg), administered IP to eight rats alone and in combination, during the first 4 post-injection hours. Compared with vehicle, picrotoxin significantly delayed the latency to non-rapid eye movement sleep (non-REMS) and thereby decreased all sleep states, but barely affected the EEG activity within non-REMS. Progesterone significantly shortened non-REMS latency, increased pre-REMS, depressed low-frequency EEG activity (≤8 Hz) and augmented EEG activity in the higher frequencies within non-REMS. Except for the changes in high-frequency EEG activity, picrotoxin attenuated all effects of progesterone. These findings support the notion that GABAA receptors play an important role in the sleep effects of progesterone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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