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  • Electronic Resource  (459)
  • 1990-1994  (459)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1993  (459)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (253)
  • Engineering  (83)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging  (52)
  • Rat  (43)
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  • Electronic Resource  (459)
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  • 1990-1994  (459)
  • 1975-1979
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EDXRF analysis of trace elements in Nerium oleander for pollution monitoringPresented at the European Conference on EDXRS, Myconos, Greece, 30 May-6 June 1992. (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 22 (1993), S. 244-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Biomonitoring studies of elements (Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr and Pb) in leaves of Nerium oleander were performed using energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The samples were collected at different locations in Lisbon, some with light and others with heavy traffic. The results were compared with those obtained for samples from the same species collected in an unpolluted region. Significant differences in the concentrations of some elements, particularly iron, titanium, zinc, strontium and lead, were found for samples from different locations. Titanium and iron concentrations had similar variations from one site to another with an almost constant ratio (Ti/Fe ≍ 0.2). The concentrations of lead were, as expected, higher at locations with heavier traffic.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300220413
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development and purification of a bispecific antibody for lymphokine-activated killer cell targeting against the rat colon carcinoma CC531 (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 36 (1993), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Bispecific monoclonal antibody ; Lymphokine-activated killer cell ; Rat ; CD8
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In vivo targeting of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells to tumour deposits by bispecific monoclonal antibodies (bimAb) may be a way to improve adoptive immunotherapy. We developed a bimAb against adherent LAK (ALAK) cells and colon tumour CC531 in Wag rats. The bimAb was produced by somatic hybridization of two mouse hybridomas, one producing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CD8 (IgG2b, OX8), and the other producing mAb against a CC531-associated antigen (IgG1, CC52). A bimAb-producing clone was selected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with CC531 tumour cells. BimAb were purified from ascitic fluid by protein A affinity chromatography. Each of five pooled peak fractions was analysed by flow cytometry for the presence of bimAb. Most bimAb were found in a fraction that was eluted at pH 4.5 from protein A. FPLC analysis of this fraction revealed that no parental antibodies were present. The OX8 × CC52 bimAb greatly increased conjugate formation in vitro between ALAK cells and CC531. Results of51Cr-release assays with CC531 as target cells and ALAK cells as effector cells were not significantly different in the presence or in the absence of the bimAb. The methods we used here, a cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, are simple methods for development and purification of a bimAb when a functional selection method is not a priori available. The OX8 × CC52 bimAb we developed this way may increase in vivo tumour targeting of ALAK cells and thus augment antitumour effect in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01742257
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upregulation of fibroblast growth factor-receptor messenger RNA expression in rat brain following transient forebrain ischemia (1993)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 97 (1993), S. 185-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Fibroblast growth factor receptor ; Basic fibroblast growth factor ; Forebrain ischemia ; Astrocyte ; In situ hybridization ; Hippocampus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently, we demonstrated that transient forebrain ischemia in rats leads to an early and strong induction of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) synthesis in astrocytes in the injured brain regions. In this study, in order to clarify the targets of such raised endogenous bFGF levels, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of its receptors (flg and bek) at in the hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia induced by four-vessel occlusion for 20 min was investigated using an in situ hybridization technique. Transient forebrain ischemia induced an increase in the number of flg mRNA-positive cells from an early stage (24 h after ischemia) in the hippocampal CA1 subfield where delayed neuronal death occurred later (48–72 h after ischemia). This increase became more marked with the progression of neuronal death and was still evident in the same area 30 days later. The time course of the appearance and distribution pattern of flg mRNA-positive cells in the CA1 subfield were quite similar to those of bFGF mRNA-positive cells. On the other hand, in situ hybridization for bek mRNA showed only slight and transient (observed 72 h and 5 days after ischemia) increases in the number of mRNA-positive cells in the CA1 subfield following ischemia. The use of in situ hybridization and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry in combination demonstrated that the cells in the CA1 subfield that exhibited ischemia-induced flg or bek mRNA expression were astrocytes. These data indicate that transient forebrain ischemia induces upregulation of fibroblast growth factor-receptor expression, accompanied by increased bFGF expression in astrocytes, and suggest that the increased astrocytic bFGF levels in injured brain regions act on the astrocytes via autocrine systems and are involved in the development and maintenance of astrocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228688
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal and single-nephron function is comparable in thiobutabarbitone- and thiopentone-anaesthetised rats (1993)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 424 (1993), S. 224-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Rat ; Renal function ; Micropuncture ; Blood gases ; Anaesthesia ; Thiopentone ; Thiobutabarbitone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The thiobutabarbitone(TB, Inactin)-anaesthetised rat is an extremely widely used preparation for the study of renal function at the whole-organ and nephron levels. The recent withdrawal of TB from the market has made it essential to find an anaesthetic producing experimental conditions as similar as possible to TB to allow comparison of past and future data. Blood gas analysis, clearance and micropuncture studies were therefore performed in rats anaesthetised with TB or the related thiobarbiturate thiopentone (TP) (both 100 mg/ kg body weight) to establish whether the latter meets this requirement. Both barbiturates caused similar transient respiratory depression and acidosis. Mean values (TP versus TB) over the total 8-h observation period for glomerular filtration rate (0.94 versus 1.05 ml/min), urine flow (3.8 versus 4.4 μl/min) and K+ excretion (0.98 versus 1.18 μmol/min) were slightly lower (P〈0.05) in TP rats, whereas renal blood flow (6.26 versus 6.24 ml/min), filtration fraction (0.31 versus 0.34) and Na+ excretion (0.11 versus 0.098 μmol/min) did not differ. The single-nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) (42.1 versus 41.1 nl/min) and fractional reabsorption (42% versus 47%), both measured in the proximal tubule, did not differ, although in the TP group SNGFR rose with time (4.4%/h) whereas the fractional reabsorption did not change significantly; in the TB group SNGFR was constant but fractional reabsorption declined with time (1.5%/h). Fractional reabsorption up to the distal convoluted tubule declined with time, this was more pronounced in the TP group. SNGFR measured at this site did not differ between TP and TB (30.3 versus 30.1 nl/min) but increased with time with TP (2.7%/h). Although renal function under TP is somewhat less stable than under TB, the differences are minor and, given that the latter is also characterised by non-steady-state conditions, it is concluded that TP is a reasonable replacement for TB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384346
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurobehavioural effects of SR 27897, a selective cholecystokinin type A (CCK-A) receptor antagonist (1993)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 348 (1993), S. 102-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: CCK-A receptor ; Food intake ; Locomotor activity ; cGMP levels ; Dopaminergic cells ; Rat ; Mouse ; CCK antagonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of SR 27897, a potent and selective CCK-A vs CCK-B receptor antagonist (Ki = 0.2 nM on guinea-pig pancreas vs 2000 nM on rat brain) was studied on behavioural, electrophysiological and biochemical effects induced by peripheral or central injection of CCK-8S. For comparative purposes, devazepide, a reference CCK-A receptor antagonist, was investigated in these same models. CCK-induced hypophagia and CCK-induced hypolocomotion in rats, two behavioural changes associated with the stimulation of peripheral CCK-A receptors, were dose-dependently antagonized by SR 27897 (ED50 = 0.003 and 0.002 mg/kg i.p., respectively) and devazepide (ED50 = 0.02 and 0.1 mg/kg i.p., respectively). CCK-induced decrease of cerebellar cGMP levels in mice was also reduced by SR 27897 (ED50 = 0.013 mg/kg) and by devazepide (0.084 mg/kg). The CCK-induced turning behaviour after intrastriatal injection in mice, and the potentiation of the rate suppressant activity of apomorphine on rat DA neurons, were blocked by higher doses of SR 27897 and devazepide, consistent with the probable central origin of these effects. The respective ED50s were 0.2 mg/kg i.p. for SR 27897 and 4.9 mg/kg i.p. for devazepide in the former model, while the respective minimal effective doses were 1.25 and 5 mg/kg i.p. in the latter test. In most tests the i.p./p.o. ratio for SR 27897 was near unity, suggesting a high oral bioavailability of the compound. Taken together, these findings support the notion that SR 27897 behaves as a potent CCK-A antagonist able to cross the blood brain barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168544
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of morphine and its 3- and 6-glucuronides by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection following solid phase extraction from neonatal plasma (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 7 (1993), S. 34-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A rapid, sensitive and simple to operate high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide in plasma is described. The drug and its metabolites were extracted from plasma using commercially available reversed phase octylsilane bonded silica columns (1 mL Bond Elut C8, 50 mg). Chromatographic separation of morphine and its metabolites was achieved using a mobile phase, consisting of 2 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate in 0.05% phosphoric acid:acetonitrile (71.5:28.5 by volume), at a flow-rate of 1.2 mL/min, in conjunction with a Waters Nova-Pak C18 column (300 × 3.9 mm). The analytical column was used in combination with a Guard-Pak module containing a Nova-Pak C18 Guard-Pak insert. Using fluorescence detection (excitation 245 nm, emission 335 nm), plasma levels in the region of 5-10 μg/L for the drug and its metabolites can be detected with only 200 μL of plasma. The method has been applied to studies of the disposition of morphine and its metabolites in premature neonates requiring mechanical ventilation who were receiving the drug intravenously; preliminary findings in patients at steady state are presented.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130070109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of in Vivo pyrazoloacridine metabolism by capillary electrophoresis using isotachophoresis preconcentration in non-aqueous separation buffer (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 16 (1993), S. 324-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Isotachophoresis preconcentration ; Nonaqueous buffer ; Metabolism ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240160509
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An approach to optimal design of structures with non-linear response (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 511-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A commonly adopted procedure to solve a structural optimum design problem is to improve the design iteratively by solving a sequence of simpler problems, where each of these is obtained as an approximation of the original problem. Considering structures with linear response, this procedure works very well and can be implemented quite straightforwardly. However, considering structures with non-linear response, the situation is more sophisticated since structural stability properties have to be taken into account.The paper presents an approach to optimal design of statically loaded structures with non-linear response. It is proposed to replace the original problem with a sequence of similar problems from which corresponding approximate problems can easily be obtained. These similar problems additionally contain an estimation of the critical load constraint while other constraints are imposed at some properly chosen load level, which is lower or at most equal to the critical load level. By this approach, the structural stability requirements are taken into account in an effective manner. The efficiency is illustrated with several examples involving kinematic as well as material non-linear effects.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620360309
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vaporization processes of borosilicate coatings studied by high temperature mass spectrometry and using an induction plasma generator (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new approach has been applied to study processes which take place during the thermochemical action of air (or other) plasma on heat protection materials. Vaporization processes of the borosilicate coating of ‘Buran's’ heatprotective tiles, both the initial state and after rf-entry simulation testing (up to 100 landings), were investigated by the Knudsen mass spectrometric effusion method. Modelling of the thermochemical action of the shock-layer plasma onto the front surfaces of real-scale tiles was carried out by using an induction plasma genetor of 500kW power. It was established that the thermochemical action of the plasma causes, essentially, a decrease of vapour pressure over the coating. However, despite this decrease, the pressures observed are significantly higher than those over the SiO2-B2O3 system at the same temperature, due to gas-phase SiO production by reaction between boron and silicon oxides and SiB4, which are contanied in the coating. The data available aiiow one to postulate the presence of the SiBO molecule in the gas phase. Data on mass-loss rates obtained by direct measurments after re-entry simulation compared nwell with the values calcuted from mass spectrometric data. It is suggested that the difference observed is caused by thermochemical action of atomic oxygen on the coating.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verification of the position of the phosphate group in some synthetic phosphopeptides by fast-atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 774-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Some synthetically obtained linear and cyclic phosphopeptides of low molecular weight have been studied by fast-atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry to verify the position of the phosphate group in these compounds. Based upon the occurrence/non-occurrence of loss of phosphoric acid from low abundance fragment ions induced by low- and high-energy collisions with target gases, it is shown that the position of the phosphate group in the phosphopeptides studied can be determined unequivocally.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070818
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