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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposited oxide for low surface recombination velocity and high effective lifetime in silicon (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 2856-2859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is shown that plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD) of thin SiO2 on Si wafers followed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) can result in very high effective carrier lifetime ((approximately-greater-than)5 ms) and extremely low surface recombination velocity (≤2 cm/s). Thin SiO2 (∼100 A(ring)) layers were prepared by direct PECVD at 250 °C and RTA was performed at 350 °C in forming gas. Detailed metal-oxide-semiconductor analysis and model calculations showed that such a low recombination velocity is the result of moderately high positive oxide charge (5×1011–1×1012 cm−2 ) and relatively low midgap interface-state density (5×1010–1×1011 cm−2 eV−1). RTA was found to be superior to furnace annealing, and a forming gas ambient was better than a nitrogen ambient for achieving a very low surface recombination velocity. Some degradation in the surface recombination velocity or effective lifetime was observed. It is found that a PECVD SiN cap on top of the thin SiO2 not only suppressed this degradation but also enhanced the effective lifetime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354638
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting TlSr2(Ca,Cr)Cu2O7 thin films with critical current density up to 106 A/cm2 (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 4259-4261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superconducting TlSr2(Ca,Cr)Cu2O7 thin films with zero resistance temperature Tc up to 102 K and critical current density Jc as high as 106 A/cm2 at 77.7 K have been successfully prepared via laser ablation and thallium diffusion. Prolonged low temperature annealing in air was used for film processing. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the films were highly oriented 1212 phase with c axes normal to the LaAlO3(100) or MgO(100) substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354440
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of fatigue damage in steel structural components by magnetoelastic Barkhausen signal analysis : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6165-6167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with using a magnetic technique for the evaluation of fatigue damage in steel structural components. It is shown that Barkhausen effect measurements can be used to indicate impending failure due to fatigue under certain conditions. The Barkhausen signal amplitude is known to be highly sensitive to changes in density and distribution of dislocations in materials. The sensitivity of Barkhausen signal amplitude to fatigue damage has been studied in the low-cycle fatigue regime using smooth tensile specimens of a medium strength steel. The Barkhausen measurements were taken at depths of penetration of 0.02, 0.07, and 0.2 mm. It was found that changes in magnetic properties are sensitive to microstructural changes taking place at the surface of the material throughout the fatigue life. The changes in the Barkhausen signals have been attributed to distribution of dislocations in stage I and stage II of fatigue life and the formation of a macrocrack in the final stage of fatigue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352737
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of the electronic specific heat coefficient in (Co1−xNix)2ScSn : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5427-5429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Both Co2ScSn and Ni2ScSn crystallize with the cubic L21 Heusler structure. The electrical resistivity, magnetization, and Mossbauer studies have shown that Co2ScSn undergoes a magnetic transition at Tc=238 K and Ni2ScSn is a paramagnet. When Ni is substituted for Co in (Co1−xNix)2ScSn, Tc decreases linearly with increasing Ni concentration x and goes to zero in the vicinity of x=0.40. The electronic specific heat coefficient γ is enhanced from 13 mJ/mol K2 for Co2ScSn (x=0.0) to 58 mJ/mol K2 for x=0.40. γ remains nearly constant from x=0.40 to x=0.50 as the sample moves away from the magnetic instability, and then decreases to about 5 mJ/mol K2 for Ni2ScSn (x=1.0). The γ enhancement will be discussed and compared with that observed in the other d-electron and f-electron systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353704
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photothermal rate-window spectrometry for noncontact bulk lifetime measurements in semiconductors (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5043-5048 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new noncontact technique for the determination of excess carrier lifetimes in semiconductors is presented. The technique employs a square laser pulse (hν≥Eg) and measures the infrared photothermal radiometric response of the sample. By applying the photothermal rate-window concept, the excess photoexcited carrier bulk lifetime was measured with optimal signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and simple, unambiguous interpretation from the maximum position of the rate-window signal. The technique has been applied to Au-, Fe-, and Cr-doped Czochralski silicon crystals. The experimental results from boxcar and lock-in rate-window methods were found to agree very well. The results are further mostly in agreement with those from the noncontact laser/microwave detection method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353775
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of magnetic circuit characteristics for comprehension of intrinsic magnetic properties of materials from surface inspection : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5620-5622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A transfer function is presented for calculating magnetic field and flux density inside a test material as a result of surface measurement. By considering flux leakage, we introduce a parameter η, called the leakage coefficient, which can be experimentally determined. It is introduced into the equations to make the transfer function more practical. The distribution of field inside a test material is then discussed in accordance with a surface magnetic charge model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353616
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytic model calculation of magnetic field in a magnetic half-space due to surface magnetic charge : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6858-6860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By analogy with electrostatic field, a simple analytic model is presented on the distribution of magnetic field inside a test material as a result of surface inspection with a magnetic probe. According to this model, the penetration depth of the magnetic field is defined and the permeability of the material at different depths is calculated. Finally, the magnetic flux inside the inspection head when placed on samples of different thicknesses is calculated and compared with experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352462
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    119Sn Mössbauer and magnetization studies of Co2ScSn : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6974-6976 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetization measurements on the Heusler alloy Co2ScSn show that the system undergoes a transition from a paramagnetic state to a possible helimagnetic state at Tc=238 K, and exhibits spin-glass behavior below 100 K. 119Sn Mössbauer spectra of Co2ScSn are found to be influenced significantly by heat treatment. Single-dip spectra are observed above Tc as expected from the cubic symmetry at the Sn sites. The transferred hyperfine field at the Sn nuclei appears below Tc, increases with decreasing temperature, and has a value of 38 kOe at 4.2 K. The temperature dependence of the hyperfine field at the Sn nuclei shows a small break at 100 K which correlates with the onset of the spin-glass transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352402
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of titanium nitride: From clusters to microcrystals (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time-of-flight mass spectrometry is used to investigate (TiN)n+ clusters produced by a laser-induced plasma reactor source. The mass spectral abundance patterns indicate that the clusters have cubic structures resembling subunits of the fcc lattice of solid TiN. The primary stoichiometries observed are (TiN)n+ (n=1–126), except for TinNn−1+ (n=14, 63). The most stable structures of the clusters are cuboids, in some cases containing a completed terrace. Even at the very early stages of crystal growth, the gas-phase clusters prefer a cubic crystalline atomic arrangement with a highly symmetric structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.464669
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The metamorphic signature of contemporaneous extension and shortening in the central Himalayan orogen: data from the Nyalam transect, southern Tibet (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 11 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Geological relationships and geochronological data suggest that in Miocene time the metamorphic core of the central Himalayan orogen was a wedge-shaped body bounded below by the N-dipping Main Central thrust system and above the N-dipping South Tibetan detachment system. We infer that synchronous movement on these fault systems expelled the metamorphic core southward toward the Indian foreland, thereby moderating the extreme topographic gradient at the southern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Reaction textures, thermobarometric data and thermodynamic modelling of pelitic schists and gneisses from the Nyalam transect in southern Tibet (28°N, 86°E) imply that gravitational collapse of the orogen produced a complex thermal structure in the metamorphic core. Amphibolite facies metamorphism and anatexis at temperatures of 950 K and depths of at least 30 km accompanied the early stages of displacement on the Main Central thrust system. Our findings suggest that the late metamorphic history of these rocks was characterized by high-T decompression associated with roughly 15 km of unroofing by movement on the South Tibetan detachment system. In the middle of the metamorphic core, roughly 7–8 km below the basal detachment of the South Tibetan system, the decompression was essentially isothermal. Near the base of the metamorphic core, roughly 4–6 km above the Main Central thrust, the decompression was accompanied by about 150 K of cooling. We attribute the disparity between the P–T paths of these two structural levels to cooling of the lower part of the metamorphic core as a consequence of continued (and probably accelerated) underthrusting of cooler rocks in the footwall of the Main Central thrust at the same time as movement on the South Tibetan detachment system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1993.tb00183.x
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