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  • Electronic Resource  (38)
  • 1995-1999  (38)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1996  (38)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the reliability of density functional methods: Reaction and activation energies for Si–Si bond cleavage and H2 elimination from silanes (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 148-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to test the reliability of plane-wave and Gaussian-orbital based DFT methods for calculating reaction energies and activation barriers, detailed calculations are performed for several reactions involving gas phase silanes and a simple model of H2 desorption from the Si(100)2×1 surface. This study is motivated in particular by apparent discrepancies between the results of cluster-model and slab-model calculations of the activation energy for H2 desorption from the Si(100)2×1 surface. The DFT results obtained with several different exchange-correlation functionals are compared with the results of calculations with the generally reliable QCISD(T) method and, where possible, with experiment. It is found that the functionals usually employed in plane-wave DFT calculations significantly underestimate the activation energies. The Becke3LYP functional, on the other hand, is found to give reaction and activation energies close to experiment and to those from QCISD(T) calculations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470885
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative orientational analysis of a polymeric material (Kevlar® fibers) with x-ray microspectroscopy (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3833-3835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It has previously been shown that x-ray linear dichroism microscopy can be utilized to image and determine orientation in a polymeric material at high spatial resolution. We have now expanded on this technique and extracted quantitative information about the orientation of specific functional groups in a polymeric system from submicron areas. This is accomplished by acquiring and analyzing spectral data sets rather than just images at specific energies. It has allowed us to compare the relative lateral orientation of various grades of Kevlar® fibers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117120
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally poled silica glass: Laser induced pressure pulse probe of charge distribution (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 269-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Charge distributions in thermally poled silica glass are mapped by using laser induced pressure pulse technique. The experimental results may be explained through postulating the formation of both real space charge layers and dipole polarization inside the depletion region. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115659
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic structure of diatomic boron nitride (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 3143-3146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: BN molecules, isoelectronic with C2, are produced by laser vaporization of boron nitride and trapped in solid neon. Through Fourier-transform absorption and laser-induced fluorescence spectra, three new electronic states are observed. Unlike C2, BN has a triplet ground state (X 3Π), but with an exceedingly low-lying singlet (a 1∑+) state with 15 cm−1〈Te〈182 cm−1. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471079
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum type III procollagen aminopeptide for assessing liver damage in methotrexate-treated psoriatic patients (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 135 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was designed to establish whether measurement of a serological marker of fibrosis might reduce the need for liver biopsy in psoriatic patients receiving methotrexate (MTX). Levels of type III procollagen aminopeptide (PIIINP-O and PIITNP-B) and laminin PI (LamP1-B) were measured in 147 serum samples taken at the time of liver biopsy in 87 patients receiving long-term MTX treatment for severe psoriasis. Biopsies were classified as: (1) normal. (2) steatosis. (3) inflammation, (4) fibrosis, or (5) cirrhosis. Groups 3–5 were considered to show clinically relevant abnormality. Compared with controls. PIIINP-O was significantly raised in the group of MTX-treated psoriatics (P〈0.001). Within this group, levels were significantly higher in patients with inflammation, fibrosis or cirrhosis compared with those with normal histology or steatosis alone (P〈0.0001). In contrast. PIIINP-B and LamP1-B did not distinguish between controls and MTX-treated patients or between histological groups. Forty-two patients had two or more biopsies with simultaneous PIIINP-O measurement. PIIINP-O levels at the time of the first biopsy were normal in six of the seven patients whose histology was initially normal and subsequently became abnormal. A single measurement of PIIINP-O thus did not predict which patients might develop abnormal histology following further MTX. In a group of 17 patients, PIIINP-O was measured 3-monthly for up to 6 years during MTX treatment. PPIINP-O was elevated at some time during follow-up in all three patients who developed abnormal histology but was consistently normal in eight of the 11 patients whose histology remained or became normal.Our findings indicate that PIIINP-O is of value in detecting liver damage and, particularly if measured serially, may reduce the need for liver biopsy in MTX-treated patients. Although the test does not detect all patients with fibrosis, it would appear that the risk of missing significant liver damage in patients with persistently normal PIIINP-O is low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1036.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of pretreatment with ketorolac on pain during intravenous injection of propofol (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A randomised, double-blind, controlled trial was undertaken to compare three different methods of reducing pain during the intravenous injection of propofol. In 101 patients undergoing daycase surgery, verbal rating scores, for pain during injection of propofol were compared immediately after intravenous pretreatment with ketorolac 10 mg, lignocaine 10 mg or saline. Neither pain during injection (p = 0.129), nor venous sequelae at 7 days postoperatively were significantly different between the three treatments. Pain during propofol injection remains a confounding clinical problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb12626.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topical ibuprofen for skin analgesia prior to venepuncture (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The analgesic effect of topical ibuprofen was investigated in ten volunteers. There were no significant differences in visual analogue scale pain scores for pinprick after 15 and 60 mm of application of ibuprofen, placebo and EM LA cream. Comparison of visual analogue scale scores for venous cannulation after similar durations of ibuprofen and EMLA creams found significantly (p 〈 0.014) lower scores for EMLA at 60min. We do not consider ibuprofen cream to be clinically useful for venous cannulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07801.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled drugs—do current handling practices disguise substance abuse? (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07762.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of opioid solutions for patient-controlled epidural analgesia (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixty patients took part in a randomised, double-blind study to compare the analgesic and side effects of three opioid-containing solutions for patient-controlled epidural analgesia following abdominal surgery. Patients in group 1 received a solution containing bupivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 10μg. ml−1, group 2 bupivacaine 0.125% with diamorphine 125μg. ml−1, group 3 pethidine 2.5 mg. ml−1. All groups received 4 ml.h−1 background infusion and 3 ml boluses every 20 min if necessary. There were no significant differences between the groups in visual analogue scale pain scores (p = 0.537) or volumes of solution used at 24 h (p = 0.351) or 48 h (p = 0.105). Motor block was significantly higher in group 2 (p 〈 0.004) and pruritis occurred significantly less in group 3 (p 〈 0.05). We conclude that these three solutions produce equivalent analgesia but that pethidine 2.5 mg. ml−1 may be associated with fewer side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb14993.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melatonin Receptors are Present in Non-Optic Regions of the Brain of a Deep-Sea Fish Living in the Absence of Solar Light (1996)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 8 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pineal melatonin hormonally transduces photoperiod to influence daily and seasonal cycles in most vertebrates (1, 2). Evidence of melatonin receptors throughout the brain of several fish species (3–5), particularly in retinorecipient structures, also indicates a role in visual processing. Despite the absence of solar light many deep-sea organisms show seasonality (6–8). The presence of central melatonin receptors was investigated by quantitative in vitro autoradiography in the deep-sea fish Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus. Specific, time-dependent, saturable, high affinity and guanine nucleotide sensitive, 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding was found over the mid-brain tegmentum and hindbrain. Competing ligand potency was iodomelatonin 〉 melatonin 5-HT. Although C.(N.) armatus has well developed eyes no 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding occurred in optic tectum, cerebellum or hypothalamus. Thus melatonin involvement in processing of visual information and control of seasonal physiology via hypothalamic areas appears to be absent in this species. The presence of central G-protein coupled receptors indicates a function for melatonin unrelated to solar light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1996.tb00702.x
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