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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromigration-driven shape evolution of two-dimensional voids (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 695-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a detailed numerical study of the electromigration-induced shape evolution of quasi-two-dimensional (cylindrical) voids in metallic thin films. The problem is treated within a continuum formulation which takes into account mass transport along surfaces, current crowding, and crystal anisotropy in the surface mobility. Finite strips with periodic boundary conditions in the current direction are treated as well as voids in infinite or semi-infinite films. For the strip geometry, it is shown that the linear instability of the strip edge can induce the release of voids into the interior of the film, while edge voids develop into fatal slits only in the presence of moderate (not too strong) crystalline anisotropy. Distorted voids in an infinite film typically disintegrate, but the breakup scenario is qualitatively different in isotropic and anisotropic media. A rigid boundary attracts voids and may also induce void breakup. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371928
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The High-Temperature Proton Conductor Strontium Zirconate: Thermogravimetry of Water Uptake (1997)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The water uptake of nominally 5%-Yb-doped strontium zirconate (SrZr0.95Yb0.05O3−α) was studied in situ by thermogravimetry at different temperatures and water vapor pressures. The process could be described in terms of an ideal solution behavior, showing a lower effective vacancy concentration than that expected from the nominal dopant content. The solution reaction was found to have ΔS°=−127 J/(mol·K) and ΔH°=−106 kJ/mol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02902.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective influence of the menstrual cycle on perception of stimuli with reproductive significance: An event-related potential study (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: In this study, we examined changes in the event-related potential (ERP) to stimuli with and without reproductive significance occurring during the menstrual cycle. Eleven spontaneously cycling women were tested during three menstrual phases (menses, ovulatory phase, luteal phase) differing in plasma concentrations of gonadal hormones. ERPs were recorded while subjects were presented with slides showing pictures from four different stimulus categories (sexual stimuli, babies, people occupied with body care, ordinary people). Slides were presented randomly in the context of two tasks, requiring either affective processing (i.e., to judge the emotional content of a slide as positive, neutral, or negative) or structural processing (i.e., to estimate the number of parallel thin lines inserted in each picture). Menstrual phase primarily affected a late positive component (LPC) peaking 550–600 ms poststimulus. The effects were as follows: (i) During the ovulatory phase, amplitude of the LPC to sexual stimuli was larger than that evoked by the other stimulus categories. (ii) This relationship was not apparent during the other menstrual phases or (iii) during the ovulatory phase when the task required structural processing. The ovulatory increase in LPC positivity to sexual stimuli suggests a greater valence of these stimuli during a phase of increased sexual desire. The data indicate a specific effect of the menstrual cycle on the processing of sexual stimuli that increases with deeper emotional processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3710111
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrathin silicon oxynitride film formation by plasma immersion nitrogen implantation (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 806-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method is proposed to prepare ultrathin silicon oxynitride films for gate dielectrics used in deep submicron metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor device structures, namely plasma immersion N implantation into SiO2 films. Plasma immersion implantation pulse voltages in the range 200–1000 V, and fluences from 1016 to 1017 N cm−2 were implanted into thermally grown SiO2 films, with thicknesses between 3 and 6 nm. The areal densities of N and O in the resulting oxynitride films were determined by nuclear reaction analysis, before and after annealing in high-vacuum. N, O, and Si profiles in the films were determined with subnanometric depth resolution by medium energy ion scattering. The results indicate that plasma immersion ion implantation allows for shallow and controlled deposition of significant amounts of nitrogen (up to 3.8 nm of equivalent Si3N4 thickness). Implantation is accompanied by moderate damage at the oxynitride/Si interface which can be recovered by thermal annealing. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123374
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleation and Wave Propagation in the Modified Oregonator and Comparison with Experiments in a Photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky Gel Reactor (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 10237-10245 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100025a026
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Epitope Specificity and T-Cell Receptor Usage in Response to Type II Collagen Immunization between H-2q and H-2r Mice (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 756 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44515.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on ‘Is there a European Economics' (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 49 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1996.tb01406.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Four different types of protease-activated receptors are widely expressed in the brain and are up-regulated in hippocampus by severe ischemia (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A variety of extracellular serine proteases are expressed in the central nervous system or might permeate the blood–brain barrier under pathological conditions. However, their intracerebral targets and physiological functions are largely unknown. Here, we show that four distinct subtypes of protease-activated receptors (PARs) are abundantly expressed in the adult rat brain and in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. PAR-1 expression was significant in the hippocampus, cortex and amygdala. Highest densities of PAR-2 and PAR-3 were observed in hippocampus, cortex, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus and striatum. Apart from the striatum, a similar localization was found for PAR-4. Within the hippocampal formation, each PAR subtype was predominantly localized in the pyramidal cell layers. Additionally, we identified PAR-2 in mossy fibers between dentate gyrus and CA3, PAR-3 in the subiculum and PAR-4 in CA3 and in mossy fibres as well as in the stratum lacunosum moleculare. After exposing hippocampal slice cultures to a severe experimental ischemia (oxygen–glucose deprivation), the expression of PARs 1–3 was up-regulated with subtype-specific kinetics. The localization of PARs in brain regions particularly vulnerable to ischemic insults as well as distinct alterations in the expression pattern after experimental ischemia support the notion of an important role of extracellular serine proteases and PARs in cerebral ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01676.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhythmic variation in β1-adrenergic receptor mRNA levels in the rat pineal gland: circadian and developmental regulation (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the rat pineal gland noradrenaline is released in large quantities from sympathetic nerve endings at the onset of darkness, thereby driving rhythmic melatonin synthesis with elevated levels at night-time. Upon release, noradrenaline interacts with postsynaptic β1-adrenergic receptors to activate the cyclic AMP signalling pathway. Well characterized third messengers of this signalling cascade affect cyclic AMP-inducible genes that are crucially involved in initiation, maintenance and termination of hormone production. Among these third messengers are CREB (cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein) as an activating and ICER (inducible cyclic AMP early repressor) as an inhibitory transcription factor. Because a cyclic AMP-inducible promoter element is present on the β1-adrenergic receptor gene, the expression of the receptor itself may be under control of the cyclic AMP-signalling pathway. By in situ hybridization, Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR we demonstrate a day/night rhythm in β1-adrenergic receptor mRNA in the rat pineal gland with elevated levels during the dark period. As this rhythm persists, under constant darkness but is abolished upon removal of the sympathetic innervation, it is truly circadian. A marked day/night difference in the levels of β1-adrenergic receptor mRNA becomes evident only after postnatal day 10, coinciding with the appearance of a functional cyclic AMP signalling pathway in the rat pineal gland. Furthermore, targeting ICER expression by transfection of pinealocytes with an antisense ICER construct, clearly indicates that the levels of the β1-adrenergic receptor mRNA are regulated by the cyclic AMP-signalling pathway in a feedback mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1998.00309.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial-frequency tuning and geniculocortical projections in the visual cortex (areas 17 and 18) of the pigmented ferret (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the spatial-frequency selectivity of neurons in areas 17 and 18 of the adult pigmented ferret, by measuring how the amplitude of response depends on the spatial-frequency of moving sinusoidal gratings of optimal orientation and fixed contrast. Neurons in area 17 of the ferret respond optimally to low spatial frequencies [average 0.25 cycles per degree (c/deg)], much lower than the optima for cat area 17. The tuning curves are of the same form as those found in cat and monkey: unimodal with bandwidths in the range 0.8–3.5 octaves. Neurons in area 18 of the ferret respond optimally to even lower spatial frequencies (average 0.087 c/deg) than area 17 neurons, and the distributions of optimal spatial frequency for areas 17 and 18 hardly overlap. In both cortical areas, the bandwidth of the tuning curves is inversely correlated with optimal spatial frequency. This marked difference in tuning between the two cortical areas is probably attributable to differential geniculo-cortical projections. Small injections of fluorescent latex microspheres or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made into area 17 or area 18 in order to investigate the populations of geniculate neurons projecting to the two cortical areas. After injections into area 17, labelled neurons are found predominantly in the geniculate A layers, with a few neurons labelled in the C layers. Conversely, after an area 18 injection, similar numbers of labelled neurons are found in the C layers as in the A layers. Soma-size analysis of the neurons in the A-layers suggests the existence of two populations of relay neurons, which project differentially to areas 17 and 18. The different geniculate inputs and the different spatial-frequency tuning in areas 17 and 18 may imply that the two cortical areas process visual information more in parallel than in series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00276.x
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