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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Io as a source of the jovian dust streams (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 405 (2000), S. 48-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Streams of dust emerging from the direction of Jupiter were discovered in 1992 during the flyby of the Ulysses spacecraft, but their precise origin within the jovian system remained unclear. Further data collected by the Galileo spacecraft, which has been orbiting Jupiter since December ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35011008
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A universal constant in temporal segmentation of human speech (1992)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 479-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01139205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of ATV applicator exposure to atrazine using an ELISA method (1990)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 44 (1990), S. 8-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01702355
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Schlafattacken” bei Parkinson-Patienten Eine Nebenwirkung von Nonergolin-Dopaminagonisten oder ein Klasseneffekt von Dopamimetika? (2000)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 670-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pramipexol ; Ropinirol ; Narkolepsie ; Tagesmüdigkeit ; Keywords Pramipexole ; Ropinirole ; Narcolepsy ; Daytime sleepiness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Recently, sudden “sleep attacks” have been described in parkinsonian patients taking the nonergoline dopamine agonists pramipexole and ropinirole. Due to this possible side effect, patients must be instructed not to drive vehicles and to refrain from other activities carrying the risk of self-injury. However, the very existence of sleep attacks remains controversial in sleep medicine, since a gradual transition from wakefulness to sleep is normally observed. Accordingly, sudden onset of sleep, e.g., in narcolepsy or sleep apnea syndrome, is usually associated with excessive daytime sleepiness. Prevalence of sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness have been shown to be increased in Parkinson's disease. Nonergoline dopamine agonists are already known to induce somnolence. Currently, it is not predictable whether sleep attacks represent a sudden transition from wakefulness to sleep or result from an increased propensity to fall asleep, with patients perceiving a sudden onset. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms and legal implications of sleep attacks are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Zusammenhang mit der Einnahme der Nonergolin-Dopaminagonisten Pramipexol und Ropinirol wurde vor kurzem das Auftreten plötzlicher “Schlafattacken” bei Parkinson-Patienten postuliert. Aufgrund dieser möglichen Nebenwirkung müssen mit Pramipexol oder Ropinirol behandelte Patienten darauf hingewiesen werden, kein Kraftfahrzeug zu führen und keine anderen Aktivitäten, bei denen ein Mangel an Aufmerksamkeit zu Selbst- oder Fremdgefährdung führt, auszuüben. Aus schlafmedizinischer Sicht gilt das Auftreten von “Schlafattacken” jedoch als ungewöhnlich, da ein allmählicher Übergang aus dem Wach- in den Schlafzustand angenommen wird. So ist das z. B. bei der Narkolepsie oder dem Schlafapnoesyndrom beschriebene rasche Einschlafen in der Regel mit vorbestehender Tagesmüdigkeit assoziiert. Schlafstörungen und Tagesmüdigkeit weisen eine hohe Prävalenz bei der Parkinson-Krankheit auf. Zudem ist Schläfrigkeit als Nebenwirkung der Nonergolin-Dopaminagonisten bereits bekannt. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt ist nicht vorhersagbar, ob es sich bei den “Schlafattacken” um einen plötzlichen Übergang aus dem Wach- in den Schlafzustand handelt oder diese überwiegend als Folge eines subjektiv als plötzlich empfundenen Einschlafens bei vorbestehender Tagesmüdigkeit zu interpretieren sind. Mögliche pathophysiologische Mechanismen des Phänomens der “Schlafattacken” sowie rechtliche Implikationen aus der Aufklärungspflicht des Arztes werden in diesem Beitrag diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050645
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental exposure to methylformate and its neurobehavioral effects (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 401-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Methylformate ; Neurobehavioral effects ; Experimental exposure ; Wiener test system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the acute effects of experimental methylformate exposure on the nervous system. Methods: In an exposure chamber, 20 subjects were exposed to methylformate at 100 ppm [Swiss maximum allowable concentration (MAC)] for 8 h. The same number of subjects with the same ages (between 20 and 30 years), gender and education level (university) were examined by the same procedure as a control group. The subjects did not know if they were exposed or not. Three times (morning, noon, evening) during these 8 h, mood [Profile of Mood States (POMS)], neurobehavioral performance (reaction, Stroop, nonverbal learning, determination, tracking; Wiener Test System), vision (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color sensitivity) and postural sway were tested. During an undemanding test (POMS) and a demanding performance task (determination test), pulse, electromyography (EMG) of the forehead and of the neck were recorded. In the morning and evening spirometry [forced vital capacity (FVC), forced one-second expiration volume (FEV), medium expiration flow (MEF) and peak expiration flow (PEF)] and the odor perception threshold were measured. Results: In the evening, in the exposed group, fatigue was significantly increased and the EMG of the forehead during a demanding task showed a different development during exposure. The other tests showed no significant solvent effect, but 16 of 43 test parameters showed a significant effect of time. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a possible effect of methylformate exposure on the subjective feeling of fatigue after 8 h exposure at 100 ppm in young and healthy subjects, without measurable impairment of neurobehavioral performance. We assume that a similar effect in normal work, combined with a heavy workload and shift work, can lead to an impairment of productivity, and increase the risk of accidents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200000125
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isopropanol and methylformate exposure in a foundry: exposure data and neurobehavioural measurements (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 528-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Isopropanol ; Methylformate ; Occupational exposure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the dose-effect relationship between solvent exposure and acute neurobehavioural effects at the worksite. Methods: In a balanced design, ten workers in a Swiss foundry were monitored for 15 days at ten different times during work. Urine samples were taken in the morning and at the time of examination, and personal exposure to isopropanol and methylformate was measured with active samplers. Neurobehavioural tests such as postural balance (bipedal, bipedal blind, monopedal), simple reaction time and digit span of the Neurobehavioural Evaluation System (NES2) and a combined memory and reaction-time test, the combi-test, were performed. A rating of well-being, and the last consumption of alcohol, caffeine, nicotine and medication were reported. Results: Average environmental concentrations of isopropanol were at 44 ppm (±16 ppm), and at 36 ppm (±21 ppm) for methylformate. Maximum values of personal exposure to isopropanol reached barely the maximal allowable concentration (MAC) value (400 ppm); the methylformate personal exposure of three workers exceeded the MAC value (100 ppm). Urine concentrations of methanol were high (3.1 ± 2.3 mg/l in the morning, 7.8 ± 4.9 mg/l after exposure) compared with the results of other studies; concentrations of isopropanol were rather low (0.88 ± 0.73 mg/l after exposure). Conclusions: Nevertheless, between personal exposure and biomonitoring, linear correlation was found. Methylformate exposure correlated with methanol and formic acid concentration in the urine, and isopropanol exposure with its concentration in the urine. With the neurobehavioural tests used, no solvent effect in relation to the dose could be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200000178
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurobehavioural effects of experimental isopropanol exposure (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Isopropanol ; Neurobehavioral effects ; Experimental exposure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: The study investigated the acute effects of isopropanol exposure at the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) level on the performance of neurobehavioural functions. Methods: In an exposure chamber 20 healthy subjects aged between 21 and 30 years were exposed to isopropanol at a concentration of 400 ppm (Swiss MAC value) for 8 h. A control group of another 20 subjects of the same age range, gender and education as used in a previous study with methylformate were subjected to the same test procedures without exposure. Mood was measured with the profile of mood states (POMS) in the morning, at noon and in the evening. Neurobehavioural performance tests were administered using the Wiener Test System (Wiener reaction test, Stroop, nonverbal learning, Wiener determination test, “Konturtracking” test), and the digit span test of the Neurobehavioural evaluation system (NES2). A test for postural sway was also conducted. During the POMS and the Wiener determination test the electromyography of the forehead and the left neck muscle as well as the pulse were registered. In the morning and evening spirometry (FVC, FEV, MEF and PEF) and odour threshold were measured. Results: Only postural sway in bipedal standing at noon showed stronger deterioration in the exposed than in the control group when compared with the morning values. The evening values of monopedal standing were also more impaired in the exposed than the control group. In the other tests, no solvent effect could be established. Conclusions: It can be assumed, that, similar to other alcohols, isopropanol affects postural balance. Our results point to such a disturbance, but because it is the only study so far using the MAC value, any conclusions about safety risks would be premature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050015
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 239 (1992), S. 355-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867596
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute and chronic neuroborreliosis with and without CNS involvement: a clinical, MRI, and HLA study of 27 cases (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 238 (1991), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Acute neuroborreliosis ; Chronic neuroborreliosis ; Central nervous system ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; HLA studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Of the 96 serologically confirmed neuroborreliosis cases seen in our clinic between 1983 and 1988, 11 patients had mild to moderate and 4 patients had serious cerebral and/or spinal cord symptoms. Nine of these 15 patients with CNS involvement exhibited a primary chronic course of the illness. After high-dose intravenous therapy with penicillin, doxycycline or cefotaxime, given mostly in combination with cortisone, gradual recovery occurred with normalization of CSF findings characteristic of neuroborreliosis, and normalization of significantly elevated Borrelia burgdorferi IgG antibody titres in CSF and serum. Brain MRI and CT showed evidence of or were suggestive of vascular involvement which correlated with clinical symptoms in 11 of the 15 patients with CNS involvement. Brain MRI changes that were similar but much slighter in number and intensity were seen in 5 of 12 neuroborreliosis patients without clinical signs of CNS involvement (lymphocytic meningoradiculitis; Bannwarth's syndrome). The frequencies of the HLA-DR7 (75%), HLA-B44 (50%) and HLA-A29 (33%) antigens in 12 neuroborreliosis patients with clinical symptoms of CNS involvement were significantly different from the frequencies in 12 neuroborreliosis patients without CNS involvement and in 100 control subjects. Diagnostic criteria of active neuroborreliosis are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319739
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic evolutionary synthesis models of Wolf-Rayet galaxies (1993)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 205 (1993), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present spectroscopic evolutionary synthesis calculations for starburst galaxies of various metallicities in order to model the broad emission lines HeII λ4686 and CIII λ4650 produced by Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in the spectra of WR galaxies. The strengths of both lines strongly decrease with decreasing metallicity. The presence of WR emission features is a clear indicator of very recent star formation less than 4 to 7 × 106 yr ago. Bursts of duration 1 to 5 × 106 yr which lead to an increase in the total stellar mass in the galaxy by 0.1 to 10 % are compatible with the equivalent width of Hell »4686 observed in WR galaxies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657957
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