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  • Electronic Resource  (13)
  • 2000-2004  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial PbZr.52Ti.48O3 films on SrTiO3/(001)Si substrates deposited by sol–gel method (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 1062-1064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the sol–gel deposition and characterization of high-quality, epitaxial films of PbZr.52Ti.48O3 (PZT) on (001)Si substrates, with a thickness range of 400 Å to 1 μm. The epitaxial growth of PZT on (001)Si is achieved using a thin template layer of SrTiO3, grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The sol–gel PZT films have a typical surface roughness of 5 Å and exhibit well defined reflective high-energy electron diffraction patterns characteristic of smooth, epitaxial films. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and double-crystal x-ray diffraction, we find that the PZT films are oriented with the c axis normal to the (001)Si plane and with the a axis lying along 〈110〉Si direction. Finally, we measure the electromechanical coupling coefficients and the surface acoustic wave velocities for our films as a function of thickness and compare our experimental data to previously published theoretical values for this system. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1498006
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field effect transistors with SrTiO3 gate dielectric on Si (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 1324-1326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: SrTiO3 has been grown epitaxially by molecular beam epitaxy on Si. The capacitance of this 110 Å dielectric film is electrically equivalent to less than 10 Å of SiO2. This structure has been used to make capacitors and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors. The interface trap density between the SrTiO3 and the Si is 6.4×1010 states/cm2 eV and the inversion layer mobility is 221 and 62 cm2/V s for n- and p-channel devices, respectively. The gate leakage in these devices is two orders of magnitude smaller than a similar SiO2 gate dielectric field effect transistor. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126023
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic-force-microscopy investigation of the formation and evolution of Ge islands on GexSi1−x strained layers (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 391-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A constant amount of Ge was deposited on strained GexSi1−x layers of approximately the same thickness but with different alloy compositions, ranging from x=0.06 to x=0.19. From their atomic-force-microscopy images, we found that both the size and density of Ge islands increased with the Ge composition of the strained layer. By conservation of mass, this implies that these islands must incorporate material from the underlying strained layer. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126986
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apoplastic mechanism for short-term effects of rare earth elements at lower concentrations (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The short-term effects of rare earth elements on pollen germination and tube growth were tested. Concentrations of 2.5∼20 µm lanthanum(La3+) or cerium (Ce3+)increased pollen germination and pollen tube growth, whereas concentrations higher than 40 µm La3+ and Ce3+ inhibited this process. The most effective concentration of La3+ needed for promotion shifted from 10 to 40 µm, depending on the Ca2+ concentration in the medium. Calmodulin (CaM) antagonist W7-agarose and anti-CaM antibody depressed La3+-promoted pollen germination and tube growth in a dose-dependent manner. La3+–CaM complexes (La3+–CaM) increased pollen germination and tube growth more than CaM or La3+ alone. Pertussis toxin (PTX) inhibited La3+-promoted pollen germination and tube growth. Cholera toxin (CTX) partially recovered the inhibition of the above La3+-promoted process by the anti-CaM antibody. Concentrations of 10−7∼10−9 m La3+–CaM increased GTPase activity inside plasma membrane vesicles of the pollen tube, but apo-CaM or La3+ alone had no positive effects. The results suggest that apoplastic CaM may be involved in the promotion effects of lower concentrations of La3+ on pollen germination and tube growth, and the heterotrimeric G-protein on the plasma membrane may transduce La3+-activated CaM signalling. The present studies provide an apoplastic mechanism for short-term effects of rare earth elements at lower concentrations in the pollen system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01021.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A probabilistic simulation of fluid leakage in multiple cracks situation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In pressure vessels and piping the leak-before-break (LBB) assessment method is employed to avoid any catastrophic failure prior to a detectable leakage. One of the most important parameter, the leak rate, is investigated in the present paper by means of the Monte Carlo method.A brief review is carried out with emphasis on aspects such as crack growth, crack size with detectable leakage, crack opening area and leak rate. Issues concerning the property and behaviour of multiple cracks are also covered along with a review of the characteristics of leak rate through distributed multiple cracks using a statistical simulation method.The simulation results show that the effect of multiple cracks is quite significant to the LBB concept. Both the relationship between leak rate and crack length (or time) and the statistical characteristics of the leak rate are considerably different for different initial crack conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00539.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    B 2Σ u + excited states of the N + 2 ion and the electron temperature in the discharge afterglow of an Ar-N2 mixture (2000)
    Springer
    Optics and spectroscopy 88 (2000), S. 502-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1562-6911
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The electron energy distribution function in the afterglow of a low-pressure discharge in an Ar-N2 mixture was experimentally found. The values of electron temperature were determined. At the initial stage of plasma decay, the electron temperature was shown to be close to the nitrogen vibrational temperature. A study was made of the afterglow observed in the bands of the first negative system of N + 2 , and it is shown that this afterglow may be attributed to collisions of argon ions with nitrogen molecules found on higher vibrational levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.626823
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microstructure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe100-xSix alloys (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 75-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 75.50.Bb;85.42.+m;81.20.Ev
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Nanocrystalline Fe100-xSix (x≤25) alloys have been prepared by mechanical alloying. The crystallite size of the nanocrystalline FeSi alloys is about ten to fifteen nm. The individual crystallite separated by disordered grain boundaries has the structure of b.c.c. α-Fe. The Mössbauer patterns show that substitution of Si atoms for Fe ones is almost disordered in the nanocrystalline FeSi alloys. The saturation magnetization of the nanocrystalline FeSi alloys is slightly less than that of single-crystalline and polycrystalline FeSi alloys, whereas their coercive force and effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant are higher than those of the corresponding single-crystalline and polycrystalline FeSi alloys. The much higher coercive force and higher effective anisotropy of the nanocrystalline FeSi alloys may be related to the high strain in the grain boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050014
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dechlorination of polychlorinated methanes by a sequential methanogenic-denitrifying bioreactor system (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 53 (2000), S. 484-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A two-stage bioreactor has been developed to link dechlorination of halogenated methane compounds to the anaerobic processes of methanogenesis and denitrification. A digester methanogenic consortium was shown to dechlorinate chloroform (CF) and carbon tetrachloride (CT) to dichloromethane (DCM), and DCM was then mineralized by an acclimated denitrifying biological activated carbon consortium. Combining these two processes, a sequential methanogenic-denitrifying bioreactor (SMDB) system that completely degraded polychlorinated methanes including CT, CF, and DCM was developed. More than 95% of the added CT and CF was dechlorinated in the methanogenic bioreactor with methanol as the primary substrate, and the resultant DCM was biodegraded in the denitrifying bioreactor with nitrate as the electron acceptor. In the denitrifying bioreactor, the residual CF was completely removed, and the DCM removal efficiency was more than 95%. This novel bioreactor system eliminates the need for aeration and so avoids the air contamination associated with aerobic biotreatment of volatile chlorinated pollutants. This SMDB system provides an alternative to conventional biotreatment of wastewaters and other matrices contaminated with polychlorinated methanes and is, to our knowledge, the first report on such a sequential anoxic system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051646
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction rate coefficients of hydroxyl radical-induced DNA single- and α-type double-strand breaks (2000)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 39 (2000), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  With a model system of pBR322 plasmid DNA solution in vitro, the dose effects of radiation- induced single- and double-strand breaks (SSB and DSB) were measured and DSB was distinguished into α- and β-types. Under the condition of low scavenging capacity existing in the irradiated DNA solution, SSB and αDSB were mainly induced by hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Moreover, a certain relationship was obtained between the SSB and αDSB yields and the DNA concentration. It was found that when the DNA solution was irradiated in the presence of 2.5 mmol dm–3 mannitol, the reciprocals of G(SSB) and G(αDSB), respectively, were linearly related to the reciprocal of the DNA concentration, i.e. the competition reactions of DNA and mannitol for ·OH radicals can be described by second-order kinetics. The rate coefficients and the efficiencies of the ·OH radical inducing SSB were deduced. Also, the reaction rate coefficients and the efficiencies for the induction of αDSB from SSB by the ·OH radical transfer mechanism, were first derived from the competition kinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004110000054
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic Active-Porosity Determination on Concrete (2000)
    Springer
    Measurement techniques 43 (2000), S. 810-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8906
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Design schemes are presented for means of measuring concrete porosity. Data are given on the active porosities of concrete structures obtained with laboratory and industrial equipment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026614210101
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