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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • Raman spectroscopy  (2)
  • Chemical Engineering  (1)
  • Key words Multi-Link stent – high pressure dilatation – in vitro vessel model – magnification radiography – stent apposition  (1)
Material
  • Electronic Resource  (4)
Years
  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1990-1994  (2)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 22 (1993), S. 215-225 
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: Ion-scattering spectroscopy (ISS) ; methanol oxidation ; oxygen ; Raman spectroscopy ; reflection electron microscopy (REM) ; silver ; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Under the applied high reaction temperatures (∼900 K) the Ag surface is restructured and a tightly held oxygen species is formed on the surface (Oγ) apart from O atoms dissolved in the bulk (Oβ). Methanol oxidation to formaldehyde proceeds through this Oγ species as demonstrated by application of a variety of spectroscopic techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: oxygen ; partial oxidation ; reconstruction ; reflection electron microscopy ; Raman spectroscopy ; silver ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Interaction of water with an oxygenated Ag(111) surface leads to an enhancement of the surface restructuring and an activated formation of hydroxyl groups (OH) located stably on the surface and incorporated in the subsurface region, as evidenced by means of reflection electron microscopy (REM) and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Dehydroxylation of OHads at elevated temperatures releases the strongly bound oxygen species labelled Oγ at the surface, and offers an alternative to the energetically less favorable pathway for the direct formation of the Oγ species from molecular oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Multi-Link-Stent – Hochdruckdilatation – In-vitro-Gefäßmodell – Vergrößerungsradiographie – Stentapposition ; Key words Multi-Link stent – high pressure dilatation – in vitro vessel model – magnification radiography – stent apposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary It has been speculated that high pressure implantation may improve the results of coronary stenting. However, this method bears the risk of peristent dissection and may increase late lumen loss. Presently, there is no consensus about the optimal stent implantation technique with the regard to balloon size and pressure. To elucidate this question an experimental study was performed in a coronary stenosis model. 3.5 mm Multi-Link (ML) stents were implanted in 3.3 mm silicone rubber tubes containing 50% concentric narrowings. Three implantation techniques were applied: 1. The standard technique using the conventional ML delivery system with a compliant balloon (ML-ST). 2. A new deployment method with a high pressure delivery system (ML-HP). 3. “Focal postdilation” using the ARC catheter, which has a special balloon with an inner compliant and an outer non-compliant section (ML-ARC). For comparison, the Palmaz-Schatz stent was implanted by using a high pressure balloon. Stent expansion was imaged by magnification radiography. Minimal lumen diameter within the stent (MLD) and the lumen diameter outside the stent (BD) were measured after dilations with 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 atm. The relation of the BD to the MLD was used as an index of vessel trauma. The results lead to following conclusions: 1. A complete apposition to the vessel wall for a balloon/vessel relation of 1.1:1 could not be reached with pressures below 9–15 atm. The increase of the pressure beyond 15 atm resulted only in a minimal additional lumen. 2. Compared to the Palmaz-Schatz stent the recoil of the ML stent was significant lower. 3. For all three implantation techniques the ML-ARC showed the best results with the maximal dilatation of the stenotic vesselarea and the minimal expansion of the vessel outside the stent.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Hochdruckdilatationstechnik scheint geeignet, die Ergebnisse der Stentimplantation in Koronargefäßen zu verbessern. Trotzdem birgt diese Methode das Risiko einer Gefäßdissektion im Stentbereich und eines Anstiegs der Restenoserate. Gegenwärtig besteht kein Konsensus zur optimierten Stentimplantation hinsichtlich Ballongröße und -druck. Um diese Frage zu untersuchen, wurde eine experimentelle Studie anhand eines Koronarstenose-Modells durchgeführt. 3,5-mm-Multi-Link-(ML-)Stents wurden in 3,3 mm weite Silikon-Gummischläuche mit einer 50%igen konzentrischen Enge implantiert. Drei Implantationstechniken wurden verwendet: 1. Die Standardtechnik mit konventionellem ML-Träger-System und zugehörigem Ballon (ML-ST). 2. Ein neu entwickeltes Hochdruck-System (ML-HP). 3. Die “fokale” Implantationstechnik unter Verwendung des ARC-Katheters, dessen Ballon in der Mitte compliant und außen nichtcompliant ist (ML-ARC). Zu Vergleichszwecken wurde der Palmaz-Schatz-Stent untersucht. Die Stentexpansion wurde mit der hochauflösenden Vergrößerungsradiographie wiedergegeben. Der minimale Diameter innerhalb des Stents (MLD), am Randbereich des Stents (BRD) und der Ballondiameter außerhalb des Stents (BD) wurden nach Aufdehnung bei 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 und 21 atm gemessen. Das Verhältnis BD zu MLD diente als “Traumatisierungsindex” für das angrenzende Gerfäß. Zusammenfassend läßt sich sagen: 1. Eine komplette Apposition des Multi-Link-Stents wurde auch bei adäquater Größenwahl des Ballons (Ballon-Gefäß-Verhältnis 1,1:1) bei allen Systemen erst bei Drücken zwischen 9 und 15 atm erzielt. Eine Hochdruckdilatation mit Drücken oberhalb von 15 atm brachte nur einen geringen Lumengewinn und erscheint nur in Einzelfällen, insbesondere bei nicht komplett vordilatierten Stenosen, sinnvoll. 2. Der Multi-Link-Stent wies aufgrund seiner größeren radialen Kraft einen geringeren Recoil als der Palmaz-Schatz-Stent auf. 3. Unter den verglichenen Implantationstechniken zeigte das ML-ARC-System die besten Resultate mit maximal hoher Aufdehnung des stenotischen Bereiches (MLD) bei geringster Aufdehnung des angrenzenden Gefäßabschnitts (BD).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 89-98 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The occurrence of instabilities in chemically reacting systems, resulting in unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous reaction rates, is a widespread phenomenon. In this article, we use nonlinear signal processing techniques to extract a simple, but accurate, dynamic model from experimental data of a system with spatiotemporal variations. The approach consists of a combination of two steps. The proper orthogonal decomposition [POD or Karhunen-Loève (KL) expansion] allows us to determine active degrees of freedom (important spatial structures) of the system. Projection onto these “modes” reduces the data to a small number of time series. Processing these time series through an artificial neural network (ANN) results in a low-dimensional, nonlinear dynamic model with almost quantitative predictive capabilities.This approach is demonstrated using spatiotemporal data from CO oxidation on a Pt (110) crystal surface. In this special case, the dynamics of the two-dimensional reaction profile can be successfully described by four modes; the ANN-based model not only correctly predicts the spatiotemporal short-term behavior, but also accurately captures the long-term dynamics (the attractor). While this approach does not substitute for fundamental modeling, it provides a systematic framework for processing experimental data from a wide variety of spatiotemporally varying reaction engineering processes.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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