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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 86 (1987), S. 98-105 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral aneurysm ; fluid dynamics ; haemodynamic stress ; wall shear stress ; viscoelastic fluid ; experimental aneurysm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The flow velocities in lateral glass and silastic aneurysm models were quantitatively measured with the non-invasive laser Doppler method. The influences of the elasticity of the wall, the pulse wave and the properties of the perfusion medium on the intra-aneurysmal circulation were investigated. As shown previously, the inflow into the aneurysm arose from the downstream lip and was directed toward the centre of the fundus. Backflow to the parent vessel took place along the walls of the fundus. With non-pulsatile perfusion, flow velocities in the centre of the standardized aneurysms varied between 0.4 and 2% of the maximum velocity in the parent vessel. With pulsatile perfusion, flow velocities in the centre of the fundus ranged between 8 and 13% of the flow velocity in the axis of the parent vessel. Flow velocities in the aneurysms were slower with a macromolecular perfusion medium with blood like properties compared to a glycerol/water solution. Flow velocity measurements near the aneurysmal wall allowed the estimation of the shear stresses at critical locations. The maximum shear stresses at the downstream lip of the aneurysm were in the range of the stresses measured at the flow divider of an arterial bifurcation. The present results suggest that in human saccular aneurysms intra-aneurysmal flow and shear stress on the wall are directly related to the pulsatility of perfusion,i.e. the systolic/diastolic pressure difference and that the tendency to spontaneous thrombosis depends on the viscoelastic properties of the blood, namely the haematocrit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 93 (1988), S. 18-23 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral aneurysm ; experimental aneurysm ; haemodynamic stress ; laser-Doppler-anemometer ; wall shear stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The flow velocities in glass and silastic aneurysm models located at bifurcations were quantitatively determined using the non-invasive laser-Doppler method. The geometrical relation between aneurysm and parent vessels was found to be the primary factor governing the intra-aneurysmal flow pattern. Flow was stagnant in straight terminal models, with the aneurysm forming an extension of the afferent vessel, as long as the outflow through the branches of the bifurcation was balanced. Average flow velocities in the fundus were small but turbulent flow fluctuations of high amplitudes were observed. Asymmetric outflow through the branches of the bifurcation induced a rotatory intra-aneurysmal circulation from the dominant to the subordinate branch. The circulation in angled terminal aneurysms with the aneurysmal axis at a 45 degree angle to the plane of the bifurcation was a vortex, which was a natural consequence of the excentric inflow from the afferent vessel. Maximum flow velocities measured in the centre plane of the angled terminal aneurysms were in the range of 50 to 80% of the axial velocity in the afferent vessel. The elasticity of the models did not affect the global turnover rates but it damped the intra-aneurysmal pulse wave. On the basis of the measured velocity gradients near the walls maximum shear stresses on the wall of human terminal aneurysms were estimated to be in the order of 50 dynes/cm2 (5 Pascal), a value that is similar to the maximum wall shear stresses estimated for lateral aneurysms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Multi-Link-Stent – Hochdruckdilatation – In-vitro-Gefäßmodell – Vergrößerungsradiographie – Stentapposition ; Key words Multi-Link stent – high pressure dilatation – in vitro vessel model – magnification radiography – stent apposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary It has been speculated that high pressure implantation may improve the results of coronary stenting. However, this method bears the risk of peristent dissection and may increase late lumen loss. Presently, there is no consensus about the optimal stent implantation technique with the regard to balloon size and pressure. To elucidate this question an experimental study was performed in a coronary stenosis model. 3.5 mm Multi-Link (ML) stents were implanted in 3.3 mm silicone rubber tubes containing 50% concentric narrowings. Three implantation techniques were applied: 1. The standard technique using the conventional ML delivery system with a compliant balloon (ML-ST). 2. A new deployment method with a high pressure delivery system (ML-HP). 3. “Focal postdilation” using the ARC catheter, which has a special balloon with an inner compliant and an outer non-compliant section (ML-ARC). For comparison, the Palmaz-Schatz stent was implanted by using a high pressure balloon. Stent expansion was imaged by magnification radiography. Minimal lumen diameter within the stent (MLD) and the lumen diameter outside the stent (BD) were measured after dilations with 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 atm. The relation of the BD to the MLD was used as an index of vessel trauma. The results lead to following conclusions: 1. A complete apposition to the vessel wall for a balloon/vessel relation of 1.1:1 could not be reached with pressures below 9–15 atm. The increase of the pressure beyond 15 atm resulted only in a minimal additional lumen. 2. Compared to the Palmaz-Schatz stent the recoil of the ML stent was significant lower. 3. For all three implantation techniques the ML-ARC showed the best results with the maximal dilatation of the stenotic vesselarea and the minimal expansion of the vessel outside the stent.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Hochdruckdilatationstechnik scheint geeignet, die Ergebnisse der Stentimplantation in Koronargefäßen zu verbessern. Trotzdem birgt diese Methode das Risiko einer Gefäßdissektion im Stentbereich und eines Anstiegs der Restenoserate. Gegenwärtig besteht kein Konsensus zur optimierten Stentimplantation hinsichtlich Ballongröße und -druck. Um diese Frage zu untersuchen, wurde eine experimentelle Studie anhand eines Koronarstenose-Modells durchgeführt. 3,5-mm-Multi-Link-(ML-)Stents wurden in 3,3 mm weite Silikon-Gummischläuche mit einer 50%igen konzentrischen Enge implantiert. Drei Implantationstechniken wurden verwendet: 1. Die Standardtechnik mit konventionellem ML-Träger-System und zugehörigem Ballon (ML-ST). 2. Ein neu entwickeltes Hochdruck-System (ML-HP). 3. Die “fokale” Implantationstechnik unter Verwendung des ARC-Katheters, dessen Ballon in der Mitte compliant und außen nichtcompliant ist (ML-ARC). Zu Vergleichszwecken wurde der Palmaz-Schatz-Stent untersucht. Die Stentexpansion wurde mit der hochauflösenden Vergrößerungsradiographie wiedergegeben. Der minimale Diameter innerhalb des Stents (MLD), am Randbereich des Stents (BRD) und der Ballondiameter außerhalb des Stents (BD) wurden nach Aufdehnung bei 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 und 21 atm gemessen. Das Verhältnis BD zu MLD diente als “Traumatisierungsindex” für das angrenzende Gerfäß. Zusammenfassend läßt sich sagen: 1. Eine komplette Apposition des Multi-Link-Stents wurde auch bei adäquater Größenwahl des Ballons (Ballon-Gefäß-Verhältnis 1,1:1) bei allen Systemen erst bei Drücken zwischen 9 und 15 atm erzielt. Eine Hochdruckdilatation mit Drücken oberhalb von 15 atm brachte nur einen geringen Lumengewinn und erscheint nur in Einzelfällen, insbesondere bei nicht komplett vordilatierten Stenosen, sinnvoll. 2. Der Multi-Link-Stent wies aufgrund seiner größeren radialen Kraft einen geringeren Recoil als der Palmaz-Schatz-Stent auf. 3. Unter den verglichenen Implantationstechniken zeigte das ML-ARC-System die besten Resultate mit maximal hoher Aufdehnung des stenotischen Bereiches (MLD) bei geringster Aufdehnung des angrenzenden Gefäßabschnitts (BD).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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