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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 55 (1977), S. 509-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01489011
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Dinitrophenol-Ödem (1967)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 45 (1967), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 2.4-Dinitrophenol (17 mg/kg body weight) or 2.4-DNP + ATP (400 mg/kg body weight) was infused to one carotid artery in male albino-rats. 6 hours later the sodium, potassium and water content as well as the contents of different metabolites were determined in brain tissue. After the infusion of DNP into the carotid artery a cerebral edema developed. Examinations of brain tissue revealed an increase of sodium and water content and a decrease of Creatinphosphat and ATP. Lactate and anorganic Phosphate were increased simultaneously. After the addition of ATP to the infusion the alterations did not occur. It is assumed, that this brain edema is localized intracellularely and is caused by an inhibition of active cation transport.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Albino-Ratten wurde 2.4-Dinitrophenol (17 mg/kg Körpergewicht) bzw. 2.4-DNP + ATP (400 mg/kg Körpergewicht) in eine A. carotis infundiert. 6 Std später wurden Wasser-, Natrium-und Kaliumgehalt sowie die Gehalte verschiedener Metabolite im Hirngewebe bestimmt. Nach der Infusion des DNP in die Carotis entwickelte sich ein Hirnödem. Dabei fand sich im Hirngewebe eine Zunahme des Wasser- und Natriumgehaltes sowie eine Abnahme von Creatinphosphat und ATP. Gleichzeitig steigen die Gehalte an Lactat und anorg. Phosphat an. Nach Zugabe von ATP zur Infusionslösung bilden sich die Veränderungen nicht aus. Es wird geschlossen, daß dieses Hirnödem intracellulär lokalisiert ist und durch eine Hemmung des aktiven Transportes verursacht wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01725072
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroprotective effects of the novel brain-penetrating antioxidant U-101033E and the spin-trapping agent α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) (2000)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 130 (2000), S. 60-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Antioxidants ; Cerebral ischemia ; Cerebral blood flow ; Neuroprotection ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Literature on the therapeutic efficacy of free radical scavengers suggests that drugs that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier are more effective in protecting the brain from ischemic damage. However, the exact mechanisms by which brain-penetrating antioxidants act have yet not been delineated. We compared the neuroprotective potential of the newly discovered pyrrolopyrimidine U-101033E with that of α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and investigated their influence on cerebral blood flow. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 90 min of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion by an intraluminal filament. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was bilaterally recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry. Neurological deficits were quantified daily. Infarct volume was assessed after 7 days. MCA occlusion reduced ipsilateral LCBF to 20–30% of baseline. After reperfusion, postischemic hyperemia was followed by a decrease in LCBF to about 70% of baseline. There was no difference in LCBF among groups. U-101033E improved neurological function and reduced infarct volume by 52% (P〈0.05). Improvement of neurological function and reduction of infarct volume (–25%) in animals treated with PBN was not significant. We conclude that U-101033E has superior neuroprotective properties compared with PBN. Neither drug improves blood flow during ischemia and 1 h of reperfusion. The mechanisms by which these brain-penetrating antioxidants act remain to be clarified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050006
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Standard” microsurgical lumbar discectomy vs. “conservative” microsurgical discectomy A preliminary study (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 112 (1991), S. 62-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Lumbar disc herniation ; conservative microlumbar discectomy ; microdiscectomy ; outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The “conservative” microsurgical lumbar discectomy described by Williams for the treatment of herniated lumbar disc is compared in a retrospective study with the standard microsurgical technique of Caspar and Loew. In order to enable such a retrospective comparison, a special randomization had to be chosen. The data concerning outcome are based on a questionnaire, in which the patient can describe his actual health situation. The result in the group of 56 patients operated on by the Williams technique with a mean follow-up of 27 months is excellent or good in 89% vs. 74% in the standard technique group. Reoperations due to a recurrence were identical in both groups (3.6% and 3.9%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402455
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on mechanisms of secondary brain damage — An update (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 120 (1993), S. 193-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02112042
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prof. Dr. Friedrich Loew — Thirty-seven years editor-in-chief of Acta Neurochirurgica (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 130 (1994), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405495
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of hemodynamic responses in head injury patients with transcranial doppler monitoring (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 139 (1997), S. 804-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Transcranial Doppler ultrasound ; head injury ; autoregulation ; A-waves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transcranial Doppler (TCD) can monitor middle cerebral artery (MCA) velocity which can be recorded simultaneously with other physiologic parameters such as end tidal (Et) CO2, arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure (ICP), in head injured patients. Relative changes in MCA velocity can be used to reflect relative MCA blood flow changes during ICP waves, and also to evaluate cerebral autoregulation, CO2 reactivity and hemodynamic responses to mannitol and barbiturates. The utility and practicality of short intervals of TCD monitoring to evaluate hemodynamic resposnes, was evaluated in a group of 22 head injured patients (average Glasgow coma score 6). During ICP A waves, MCA velocity always decreased during the peak of the wave, and during ICP B waves, fluctuated synchronously with the ICP. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation, and reactivity to CO2, were reduced within 48 hours of admission. Impaired cerebral autoregulation within 48 hours of admission did not correlate with outcome at 1 month. Mannitol infusion caused an increase in MCA velocity (15.4 ± 7.9%) which was significantly correlated to the impairment of dynamic autoregulation (r=0.54, p 〈 0.0001). The MCA velocity response to a test dose of barbiturates was significantly correlated to the ICP (r=0.61, p 〈 0.01) response as well as to the CO2 reactivity (r=0.37, p 〈 0.05). Continuous MCA velocity monitoring using TCD may be useful in evaluating a variety of hemodynamic responses in head injury patients and may replace more cumbersome cerebral blood flow techniques which have been used in the past for these purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411398
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technical Principles for Protoporphyrin-IX-Fluorescence Guided Microsurgical Resection of Malignant Glioma Tissue (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 140 (1998), S. 995-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Aminolevulinic acid; malignant glioma; fluorescence detection; fluorescence microscopy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Malignant gliomas accumulate fluorescing protoporphyrin IX intracellularly after exposure to 5-aminolevulinic acid, a metabolic precursor of haem. This phenomenon has been exploited for intra-operative identification of residual tumour to enable greater completeness of tumour removal. The present report describes the necessary modifications to the operating microscope to enable microsurgical, fluorescence-guided tumour removal.  The system consists of a xenon light source coupled to the microscope, which can be switched from normal white light to violet-blue excitation light (375–440 nm). A longpass filter is introduced into the observer light path to enable observation of tumour fluorescence. Transmission characteristics of excitation and observation filters are chosen to transmit part of the remitted excitation light. Thereby the observer retains an impression of tissue detail, next to tumour porphyrin fluorescence. An integrating three chip CCD camera optimized for red light detection enables documentation of fluorescence findings.  The present modifications allow uncomplicated and rapid recognition of red tumour fluorescence and its borders to normal tissue, without interrupting the course of the operation. Tissue detail is great enough to enable tumour resection under violet-blue excitation light during parts of the operation. The system appears to constitute a useful tool for optimizing removal of malignant gliomas on a routine basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050206
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technical Note: A new Model for Quantitative Analysis of Brain Oedema Resolution Into the Ventricles and the Subarachnoid Space (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 141 (1999), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Vasogenic brain oedema; infusion oedema model; resolution of oedema fluid; closed cranial window; ventriculo-cisternal perfusion; subarachnoid space.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Objective. The aim of the current study was to develop an experimental animal model for quantitative analysis of oedema resolution via the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system using fluorescent oedema markers.  Methods. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing TRITC-albumin (MW 67.000D) and Na+-fluorescein (MW 376D) was continuously infused into the white matter of the left frontal lobe of New Zealand white rabbits (n=6) at a rate of 100 μl/h for 3 hrs. A closed cranial window for superfusion of the brain surface with artificial CSF fluid (3 ml/h) was implanted above the left parietal cortex for measurement of the fluorescence markers in the subarachnoid space. Uptake of the fluorescence indicators into the ventricles was quantified by ventriculo-cisternal perfusion (3 ml/h). The effluates were collected at 30 min intervals for 3 hrs after the start of infusion. Clearance of the oedema fluid into the perfusates was measured by fluorescence spectrophotometry.  Results. At an intracranial pressure of 15.0±1.7 mm Hg (mean±SEM) both indicators started to accumulate in the subarachnoid and ventricular perfusates at 90 min following onset of oedema fluid infusion. The concentrations of the indicators in the ventricular system increased to 7.7±5.1% of Na+-fluorescein and 16.1±13.0% of TRITC-albumin of the total amount infused were recovered in the ventricular system at 3 hours after start of the oedema infusion, while 3.4±3.2% of Na+-fluorescein and 3.7%± 3.2 of TRITC-albumin, respectively, were found in the effluates of the subarachnoid space.  Conclusion. The present study demonstrates that resolution of vasogenic brain oedema into the cerebral ventricular system and the subarachnoid space following its entry into cerbral white matter can be quantitatively analysed using fluorescence markers, which serve as oedema fluid indicators. The results indicate that the oedema fluid is cleared not only into the ventricular system but also via the subarachnoid space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050270
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cavernous Haemangiomas of the Spinal Cord. A Review of 117 Cases (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 141 (1999), S. 237-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Cavernous haemangioma; vascular malformation; intramedullary; spinal cord; surgery; outcome.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes:  The data of 48 studies (published between 1903 and 1996), presenting information of all together 107 patients (108 lesions) regarding pre-treatment clinical and radiological factors, treatment strategies, and the outcome, plus our own experience of nine patients were retrospectively re-analyzed. The prognostic influence of pre-treatment factors was estimated with the chi-square statistics. Clinical evaluation before/after treatment was performed using the Frankel scale. The average bleeding rate was obtained from the ratio of percentage of first bleeding events in the population to the mean age of the population.  There were 47 males and 69 females (aged from twelve to 88 years). Thirty nine percent of the lesions were found in the cervical, 54% in the thoracic (30% upper, 24% lower) and 7% in the lumbar cord. The peak age of presentation was in the fourth decade, the median duration of symptoms was 32 months. Clinical symptoms before treatment were progressive in all cases. Three patterns of clinical presentation could be identified: a) episodes of stepwise clinical deterioration (30%), b) slow progression of neurological decline (41%), c) acute onset with rapid or gradual decline over weeks or months (26%). 58% of the lesions showed clinical or radiological signs of haemorrhage. In 66% of surgical patients (91 efficiently documented cases), clinical improvement was achieved, 28% remained unchanged and 6% deteriorated. Whereas age, sex and lesion location had no influence on the results, duration of symptoms (〈three years) correlated significantly to a better outcome (p〈0.02).  Surgical management in symptomatic patients is recommended. Once clinical signs caused by the malformation have appeared, the patients tend to experience progressive neurological deterioration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050293
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