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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (1)
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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an arming yeast strain for efficient utilization of starch by co-display of sequential amylolytic enzymes on the cell surface (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The construction of a whole-cell biocatalyst with its sequential reaction has been performed by the genetic immobilization of two amylolytic enzymes on the yeast cell surface. A recombinant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that displays glucoamylase and α-amylase on its cell surface was constructed and its starch-utilizing ability was evaluated. The gene encoding Rhizopus oryzae glucoamylase, with its own secretion signal peptide, and a truncated fragment of the α-amylase gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus with the prepro secretion signal sequence of the yeast α factor, respectively, were fused with the gene encoding the C-terminal half of the yeast α-agglutinin. The constructed fusion genes were introduced into the different loci of chromosomes of S. cerevisiae and expressed under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. The glucoamylase and α-amylase activities were not detected in the culture medium, but in the cell pellet fraction. The transformant strain co-displaying glucoamylase and α-amylase could grow faster on starch as the sole carbon source than the transformant strain displaying only glucoamylase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051364
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic immobilization of cellulase on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 48 (1997), S. 499-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract We tried genetically to immobilize cellulase protein on the cell surface of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in its active form. A cDNA encoding FI-carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) of the fungus Aspergillus aculeatus, with its secretion signal peptide, was fused with the gene encoding the C-terminal half (320 amino acid residues from the C terminus) of yeast α-agglutinin, a protein involved in mating and covalently anchored to the cell wall. The plasmid constructed containing this fusion gene was introduced into S. cerevisiae and expressed under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter from S. cerevisiae. The CMCase activity was detected in the cell pellet fraction. The CMCase protein was solubilized from the cell wall fraction by glucanase treatment but not by sodium dodecyl sulphate treatment, indicating the covalent binding of the fusion protein to the cell wall. The appearance of the fused protein on the cell surface was further confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. These results proved that the CMCase was anchored on the cell wall in its active form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051086
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amylose-like polysaccharide accumulation and hyphal cell-surface structure in relation to citric acid production by Aspergillus niger in shake culture (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 421-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract When 120 mg glucose/ml was used as a carbon source, in shake culture Aspergillus niger Yang no. 2 maximally produced only 15.4 mg citric acid/ml but accumulated 3.0 mg extracellular polysaccharide/ml. The polysaccharide secreted by mycelia of Yang no. 2 in shake culture was confirmed to be an amylose-like α-1,4-glucan by hydrolysis analysis with acid, amylase and glucoamylase. However, in static cultures, such as semi-solid and surface cultures free from physical stresses caused by shaking damage, Yang no. 2 produced more citric acid but did not accumulate the polysaccharide. With cultivation time in shake culture, the amount of extracellular polysaccharide and the viscosity of the culture broth increased. The increase of shaking speed caused a remarkable increase in the accumulation of extracellular polysaccharide, e.g. 11.2 mg extracellular polysaccharide/ml was accumulated in the medium at a shaking speed of 200 rpm. The addition of 2.0 mg carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)/ml as a viscous additive to the medium reduced drastically the amount of extracellular polysaccharide accumulated to 1.5 mg/ml, but increased the citric acid produced to 52.0 mg/ml. However, intracellular polysaccharide accumulation kept up a steady rate of 0.26 μg/mg dried mycelium through the entire period of cultivation. The addition of 3.0 mg polysaccharide/ml purified from the culture broth to the medium at the start of a culture resulted in a decrease of extracellular polysaccharide accumulation but an increase of citric acid accumulation. From electron-microscopic observation, cell surfaces of hyphae cultivated with CMC were smooth, while hyphae cultivated without CMC had fibrous and granular polysaccharide on the cell surface. These results suggested that Yang no. 2 secreted the polysaccharide on the cell surface as a viscous substance and/or a shock absorber to protect itself from physical stresses caused by shaking damage in shake culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051541
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional structure of the prolamellar body in squash etioplasts (1985)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 128 (1985), S. 147-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cucurbita moschata ; Etioplast ; Prolamellar body ; SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) ; Tilting observation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary High resolution scanning electron microscopy revealed that the basic unit of the paracrystalline network in squash prolamellar body is a tetrapodal structure, which has four short tubular arms meeting at one point with equal angle. Fractured faces of the prolamellar bodies displayed three lattice forms; hexagonal, square and zigzag (distorted hexagonal) lattices. Tilting observations of the ultrathin sections, together with scanning electron microscope observations, showed that the paracrystalline tubular network in the squash prolamellar body is of zincblende-type. A pentagonal configuration of the network was sometimes observed. Many prolamellar bodies were also very often observed, which displayed two or three different lattice forms in a single prolamellar body. It became evident from these observations that most, if not all, of the prolamellar bodies in the squash etioplasts are paracrystalline network of spinel-type twin which is composed of two or more domains of zincblende-type. We propose a three dimensional model of the squash prolamellar body in which five paracrystal domains of zincblende-type are assembled around a pentagonal column at the center and connected by boundary lattice layers of wurtzite-type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276336
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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