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  • Electronic Resource  (406)
  • 1995-1999  (406)
  • 1915-1919
  • Human  (230)
  • MRI  (176)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidermal growth factor receptor in adult human dorsal root ganglia (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Epidermal growth factor receptor ; Dorsal root ganglia ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) enhances neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth in cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons. It binds a membrane protein, denominated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr). EGFr has been localized in developing and adult human DRG. However, it remains to be elucidated whether all DRG neurons express EGFr or whether differences exist among neuronal subtypes. This study was undertaken to investigate these topics in adult human DRG using immunoblotting, and combined immunohistochemistry and image analysis techniques. A mouse monoclonal antibody (clone F4) mapping within the intracytoplasmic domain of EGFr was used. Immunoblotting revealed two main proteins with estimated molecular masses of ∼- 65 kDa and 170 kDa, and thus consistent with the full-length EGFr. Additional protein bands were also encountered. Light immunohistochemistry revealed specific immunoreactivity (IR) for EGFr-like proteins in most (86%) primary sensory neurons, the intensity of immunostaining being stronger in the small- and intermediate-sized ones. Furthermore, EGFr-like IR was also observed in the satellite glial cells of the ganglia as well as in the intraganglionic and dorsal root Schwann cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that EGFr, and other related proteins containing the epitope labeled with the antibody F4, are responsible for the EGFr IR reported in DRG. Furthermore, we demonstrated heterogeneity in the expression of EGFr-like IR in adult human primary sensory neurons, which suggests different responsiveness to their ligands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187136
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Congenitally corrected transposition of great vessels: MRI and echocardiographic appearance (1995)
    Springer
    European radiology 5 (1995), S. 672-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Transposition of great vessels ; Echocardiography ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents the case of a 36-year-old male with congenitally corrected transposition of great vessels (CTGV). This is a rare cardiac anomaly characterized by atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance, occuriing in less than 1% of all congenital heart diseases. This was diagnosed by echocardiography and MRI. The MRI findings demonstrated cardiac abnormality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190942
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary hepatic pheochromocytoma (1996)
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. 82-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma ; Liver tumor ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pheochromocytomas are uncommon tumors that represent a potentially curable cause of hypertension. They are usually located in the adrenal glands, but 10% arise from extra-adrenal sites, located along the paravertebral sympathetic chains. We report a case of primary hepatic pheochromocytoma responsible for a severe hypertension in a 24-year-old man. Echotomography showed a lightly heterogeneous mass located in the segment 8 of the liver. Iodine 131 — metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy showed a large hepatic concentration of the tracer and no other localization. This tumor appeared highly vascularized on enhanced CT scan and on aortic angiography. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hepatic tumor with a high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and with a signal isointense to the liver on T1-weighted images. The hepatic venous sampling contained the highest catecholamine level, whereas the adrenal venous sampling was normal. After surgical resection of the hepatic tumor, the tension level and catecholamines plasmatic level normalized. No recurrent symptoms appeared during a 3-year follow-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619965
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preparation, execution and suppression of copied movements in the human brain (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 120 (1998), S. 386-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Broca’s area ; Ventral prefrontal cortex ; Supramarginal gyrus ; Cingulate ; Cerebellum ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We used positron emission tomography (PET) to measure movement set-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) when human subjects were asked to copy hand movements. Movement set-related activity in the brain is thought to reflect the processes of movement selection, preparation and inhibition. Four conditions were used. In the first condition, prepare and execute (PE), the hand stimulus to be copied was shown to subjects 3 s before an auditory “go”-cue instructed subjects to execute the movement; a large part of the scanning time was therefore spent in preparing to move. In the immediate execution condition (E), the hand stimulus and the go cue were presented simultaneously. The prepare-only condition (P) was similar to PE, except subjects only prepared to make the movement and did not actually execute any movement when they heard the auditory go-cue. The same stimuli were presented in a baseline condition (B), but the subjects were instructed to neither prepare nor execute movements. There were 5 principle findings: (1) In contrast to a previous study of human set-related activity in which movements were instructed by an arbitrary pattern of LEDs, preparing to make a copied movement causes rCBF changes in area 44 in posterior Broca’s area; (2) set-related activity can be recorded in the cerebellar hemispheres and midline; (3) we confirmed that the supramarginal gyrus has a general role in preparing movements – there was more rCBF in the P than the E condition; (4) the cerebellar nuclei and the basal ganglia may be particularly involved in the initiation and execution of a planned movement; these regions were more active in the PE condition than the P condition; (5) the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and a left anterior cingulate area are part of a distributed system involved in the suppression of a motor response; these areas were significantly more active in the P than the PE condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050412
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the force-sharing pattern induced by modifications of visual feedback during force production by a set of fingers (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 123 (1998), S. 255-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Synergy ; Force production ; Finger ; Redundancy ; Feedback ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We investigated force-sharing among three fingers which acted in parallel and produced ramp profiles of total force from zero to the maximal voluntary force. The feedback to the subject was provided by a visual signal on the monitor and could correspond to the sum of forces of all the fingers or to the sum of forces of two fingers, while the force of the third finger was added with a coefficient 2 or 0.5. If the subjects did not know about the distorted feedback, they showed a template-sharing pattern within the whole range of total force values. This pattern did not depend on which finger force was multiplied and by which coefficient. If the subjects knew in advance how the feedback signal would be calculated, they tried to perform the task using either only the finger whose force was multiplied by 2 or two fingers when the force of the third one was multiplied by 0.5. Further into the trial, however, they were unable to track the ramp pattern using only one or two fingers and demonstrated a search activity that could continue until the end of the trial or lead eventually to a three-finger sharing pattern similar to the template pattern used in cases of undistorted feedback. We conclude that the limited number of preferred sharing pattern within the studied task reflects an organization of the fingers into a structural unit (involving one, two, or all three fingers) by the central nervous system. The availability of structural units defines the presence of stable solutions available for the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050567
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hochdosierte Gabe von paramagnetischen Kontrastmitteln in der Diagnostik fokaler Hirnläsionen (1996)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kontrastmittel ; Hochdosis ; Metastasen ; Gliome ; MRT ; Key words Contrast agents ; High-dose study ; Cerebral metastases ; Glioma ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In analogy with high-dose contrast-enhanced CT, there have been a few studies during recent years that have dealt with high-dose paramagnetic contrast dyes in MRI. One reason for these studies was the development of new and low-osmolar contrast agents in the MR field. Depending on the clinical problem, a high-dose contrast study in MRI is rarely indicated: (1) in metastatic disease, MR imaging with high-dose contrast material is indicated when the standard dose study is negative or only shows a solitary cerebral lesion or a number of lesions just suitable for radiosurgery; (2) in patients with malignant glioma the high-dose study allows better definition of the tumor margins. If a radical surgical approach is planned, the diagnostic potential should be fully used; if only a biopsy or subtotal debulking is planned, a standard dose study is enough. (3) in patients with MS, a high-dose study is only recommended within therapeutic trials in which the number of active plaques is a primary variable.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Analogie zu Erfahrungen mit der Hochdosiskontrastverstärkung in der CT wurden in den letzten Jahren Untersuchungen zur höheren Dosierung der paramagnetischen Kontrastmittel in der MRT gemacht. Dabei spielte auch auf dem MR-Sektor die Entwicklung von niedrig osmolaren Kontrastmitteln eine Rolle. In Abhängigkeit von der konkreten Fragestellung ist die Hochdosis-KM Gabe im kranialen MRT derzeit nur selten indiziert: 1. Zeigt das MR nach der KM-Standarddosis nur eine singuläre intrazerebrale Metastase oder aber eine Anzahl von Metastasen, bei der die Radiochirurgie gerade noch indiziert ist, ist eine zweite MR-Untersuchung mit einer Gesamtdosis von 0,3 mmol/kg KG zu empfehlen. Dies gilt auch, wenn unter der Standarddosis keine zerebrale Metastase bei malignem Grundleiden sichtbar ist. 2. Bei malignen hirneigenen Tumoren ermöglicht die Hochdosis-KM-Gabe eine bessere Definition der Tumorgrenzen. Wenn eine radikale Operation möglich erscheint, sollten die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten voll ausgeschöpft werden. Ist nur eine Biopsie oder eine subtotale Operation geplant, ist die Standarddosis ausreichend. 3. Bei der multiplen Sklerose ist die Hochdosis KM-Gabe nur in Therapiestudien indiziert, wenn eine der Zielvariablen die Anzahl der aktiven Plaques ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050046
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The partial NMDA agonist D-cycloserine stimulates LH secretion in healthy volunteers (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 138 (1998), S. 190-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key wordsD-Cycloserine ; LH ; Cortisol ; Human ; Schizophrenia ; NMDA ; Glutamate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract D-Cycloserine, a partial agonist of the glycine recognition site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, may serve as a probe for human cerebral NMDA receptor function. Since NMDA receptors are involved in neuroendocrine secretion, changes in pituitary secretion in response to D-cycloserine administration could serve as a model for NMDA receptor activity. The effects of an oral dose of 500 mg D-cycloserine were assessed in a neuroendocrine challenge paradigm in 20 healthy male volunteers, using a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled crossover design. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and cortisol secretion was studied, since preclinical studies indicate that these hormones increase in response to NMDA receptor stimulation. Furthermore, plasma homovanillic acid (HVA) secretion was studied, as NMDA receptors are suggested to be involved in the regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission. D-cycloserine was readily absorbed and did not induce side-effects or changes in vital signs and mood scores. D-Cycloserine stimulated LH secretion and induced a significant rise of the area under the plasma concentration time curve of LH. D-Cycloserine did not stimulate cortisol or plasma HVA secretion. These neuroendocrine effects suggest that D-cycloserine may be used to assess human NMDA receptor function in cerebral disorders, such as schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050662
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whole-muscle and single-fibre contractile properties and myosin heavy chain isoforms in humans (1996)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 432 (1996), S. 913-920 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Muscle ; Contraction ; Myosin heavy chain ; Exercise ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The contractile characteristics of three human muscle groups (triceps surae, quadriceps femoris and triceps brachii) of seven young male subjects were examined. The contractile properties were determined from electrically evoked isometric responses and compared with fibre type composition determined from needle biopsy samples. Fibre types were identified using myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms as molecular markers with gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and histochemical ATPase staining. Four contractile parameters (twitch time to peak torque, the maximal rate of torque development, frequency response and fatiguability) were found to be related to fibre type composition. From the biopsy samples, single muscle fibres were isolated and chemically skinned. Isometric tension (P o) unloaded shortening velocity (V o) and rate of tension rise (dP/dt) were determined. Each fibre was classified on the basis of its MHC isoform composition determined by SDS-PAGE. Fibres belonging to the same type showed identical contractile parameters regardless of the muscle of origin, except minor differences in P o of the fast fibres and dP/dt of slow fibres. The results are in favour of the conclusion that fibre type composition, determined using MHC isoforms as markers, is the major determinant of the diversity of contractile properties among human muscle groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050215
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination between posture and movement in a bimanual load-lifting task: is there a transfer? (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 109 (1996), S. 450-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Posture ; Movement ; Bimanual coordination ; Motor learning ; Learning transfer ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present experimental series was designed to test the possibility that an anticipatory postural adjustment learned during the performance of a bimanual load lifting task may be transferred between the upper extremities. Eight seated subjects were asked to maintain horizontally one forearm (postural arm) loaded with a 1kg load, which was fixed to the arm by means of an electromagnet. The unloading was triggered either by the experimenter pressing a switch (control) or by the subjects making a voluntary movement with their other arm (moving arm). In the latter case, the subject lifted a 1-kg load resting on a force platform with the moving hand, and the switching off was triggered when the force level reached a threshold of 0.5 kg. The maximum amplitude (MA) and the maximum velocity (MV) of the postural forearm elbow joint rotation occuring after the unloading were measured at each trial. The learning process was estimated by performing a regression analysis on each series of trials, using an exponential model, and from the intercept of the regression curve with the ordinate. 1. During the original learning session (three series of 20 trials), a decrease in MA and MV was found to occur both within the series and between the series during a session. 2. After the initial learning session, the sides of the postural and moving arm were interchanged to test whether any transfer had occurred. The first series of trials in the second session (transfer) and the last series of trials in the original learning session were compared and found to be significantly different in terms of the intercept (seven subjects in the case of MA, five subjects in the case of MV) and the slope (five subjects), indicating a lack of transfer. 3. The data recorded during the second transfer learning session indicated that learning occurred in all eight subjects in the case of MA and in six subjects in the case of MV. It was observed that the original learning session did not facilitate the second one. 4. The lack of transfer of the anticipatory postural adjustment observed in this task is discussed with reference to the data in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229629
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optically induced plasticity of the cervico-ocular reflex in patients with bilateral absence of vestibular function (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 112 (1996), S. 372-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cervico-ocular reflex ; Adaptation ; Vestibular loss ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The horizontal cervico-ocular reflex (COR) was examined in five labyrinthine-defictive subjects (LDS), during both passive oscillations of the head on the trunk (HTexam) and of the trunk under the earthfixed head (THexam) at 0.1–0.5 Hz, peak angular displacement ±30°. Subjects were tested in the dark, before and immediately after adaptation to binocular magnifying (x1.9) and reducing (x0.6) lenses. During long-term adaptation, the LDS were exposed to the normal environment for 5 h while wearing lenses. Short-term adaptation experiments (15–20 min) consisted of sustained ocular following of a small LED in an otherwise dark room and in full-room illumination. This LED was either stationary in space whilst the subjects moved their head actively, or fixed on the chair and rotating with the trunk during head-fixed stimulation. In all five patients, magnifying lenses increased COR gain (peak slow-phase eye velocity/peak stimulus velocity), whereas reducing lenses reduced the gain. Under HTexam the gain changes were greater, more consistent and the phases approximately compensatory to head displacement, whereas during THexam the gain decreased and phase increased at higher frequencies. COR adaptation was observed during foveal stimulation alone, but the effects were stronger with added background illumination. Results during an imaginary target task showed that the gain can be influenced strongly by mental set. Our findings indicate a highly modifiable COR in subjects with loss of vestibular function. Both peripheral and foveal retinal information contribute to the plastic changes in COR gain. Somatosensory cues from the trunk as well as cognitive/perceptual factors may be involved in the modification of the COR, by providing information about the relevance of eye movements, and contribute to the stabilisation of gaze in space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227943
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