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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Secretoneurin (SN) is a neuropeptide derived from secretogranin II that is found in brain and endocrine tissues. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of this novel peptide on dopamine (DA) release from rat striatum using the microdialysis technique. Rat SN (1–30 µmol/L added to the dialysis buffer) enhanced DA outflow of awake rats in a concentration-dependent way without marked effects on the outflow of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid or homovanillic acid. The increase in extracellular DA content caused by the peptide was observed throughout the entire period of administration (up to 4 h). Human SN and its 15-amino-acid C-terminal sequence also increased DA outflow, but the effects were smaller than those of rat SN. Two other peptides derived from secretogranin II were without effect on DA efflux. These results establish that SN has a pronounced effect on DA release under in vivo conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Secretoneurin is a recently described peptide derived by endoproteolytic processing from secretogranin II, previously named chromogranin C. In this study, we have investigated the distribution of secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity in the human hippocampus in controls and in Alzheimer's disease patients, and compared the staining pattern to that of calretinin. Secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity is present throughout the hippocampal formation. At the border of the dentate molecular layer and the granule cell layer, a band of dense secretoneurin immunostaining appeared. In this part, as in the area of the CA2 sector, the high density of secretoneurin-immunoreactivity coincided with calretinin-like immunoreactivity. The mossy fibre system displayed a moderate density of secretoneurin-immunoreactivity. In the entorhinal cortex, a particularly high density of secretoneurin-immunoreactivity was observed. The density of secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in the innermost part of the molecular layer and in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in Alzheimer's disease. For calretinin-like immunoreactivity, a less pronounced decrease was found in the innermost part of the molecular layer. About 40–60% of neuritic plaques were secretoneurin-immunopositive.This study shows that secretoneurin is distinctly distributed in the human hippocampus and that significant changes of secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity occur in Alzheimer's disease, reflecting synaptic loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 8 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An antiserum was raised against the peptide PE-11 whose sequence is present in the chromogranin B molecule. The antiserum reacts only with the free C-terminal end of this peptide. PE-11 immunoreactivity in brain was characterized by molecular size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography. Only the free peptide and a N-terminally elongated peptide were detected, indicating that proteolytic processing of chromogranin B in brain is quite extensive. In immunohistochemistry PE-11 immunoreactivity was found in varicosities, fibres and perikarya throughout the brain. Strong staining was detected in the shell sector of the nucleus accumbens, in the lateral septum, in subregions of the extended amygdala, in some areas of the hippocampus and of the hypothalamus, in the locus coeruleus, in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Our results, which demonstrate significant processing of chromogranin B in brain and its widespread distribution, can be taken as an indication that chromogranin B represents a precursor of peptides with functional relevance for this organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 4 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract– The mechanisms leading to spatial segregation along optical habitat dimensions in closely related, co-occurring fishes were investigated. In two experimental series, six laboratory-reared cyprinid species were faced to six novel optical patterns. These were positioned either laterally, at the bottom, or at the water surface, in one of three compartments of a large tank. When a bottom pattern was presented, the primarily bottom-dwelling species Vimba elonguta and Abranzis brama chose the test compartment at high frequencies, indicating a significant preference. More surface-oriented species like Chalcalburnus chalcoides mento and Scardinius erythrophthalmus developed similar preferences in response to surface patterns. V. elongata, A. brama, and Rutilus rutilus showed significant preferences for a photograph of submerged plants. Also, V. elongata developed preferences for several optical patterns. These data confirm earlier studies on V. elongata habitat selection and foraging behaviour which suggest a highly exploratory lifestyle. S. erythrophthalmus and Leuciscus cephalus showed significant avoidances for laterally positioned optical patterns associated with reduced interindividual distances, indicating marked neophobic responses. The establishment of species-specific preferences or avoidances during the two experimental series was influenced by learning processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 1 (1995), S. 869-873 
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Pioneers in xenotransplantation (transplantation of organs from one species to another) abandoned their efforts decades ago largely because of the generally poor results obtained and because of the emergence of clinical allotransplantation. Currently, interest in xenotransplantation research is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International urogynecology journal 9 (1998), S. 100-102 
    ISSN: 1433-3023
    Keywords: Bladder ; Oxybutynin ; Urinary incontinence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our aim was to determine whether oxybutynin hydrochloride suppositories can be used as a treatment for detrusor instability in patients who have not been able to tolerate oral pharmacological agents. A retrospective chart review of 25 women diagnosed with detrusor instability and treated with oxybutynin rectal suppositories was conducted. Each suppository contained 5 mg oxybutynin, 15 mg micronized Sila gel, and 1.25 g of a fatty acid base. Patients were started on one suppository twice daily and then dose titrated as tolerated. The range of the total daily dose was 5–20 mg. Nine of 25 women (36%) had greater than a 50% overall subjective improvement and 3 (12%) had some improvement. Seven of the 12 responders (58%) continued to use the suppositories for a prolonged period of time (〉90 days). The most common side effects reported were dry mouth 48% and constipation 14.3%. One patient with polymyositis developed a serious anticholinergic reaction which required hospitalization. It was concluded that patients who are unable to tolerate oral anticholinergic and antispasmodic agents for the treatment of detrusor instability may benefit from oxybutynin rectal suppositories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 63.20.Dj Phonon states and bands, normal modes, and phonon dispersion - 76.80.+y Mössbauer effect; other -ray spectroscopy - 39.30.+w Spectroscopic techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Mössbauer studies were performed on single crystals of guanidinium nitroprusside with different orientations of their principal crystallographic axes (a, b, c) with respect to the incident radiation. The markedly anisotropic Lamb-Mössbauer factor f LM , i.e. f LM (a) = 0.118(8), f LM (b) = 0.174(8), f LM (c) = 0.202(8) is in contrast to that of nitroprussides with inorganic anions. The observed anisotropy is ascribed to the anisotropic vibrational mean-square displacement of the nitroprusside anions as a whole which is due to the specific packing of both, anions and cations, as well as the very weak chemical bonding between the ions, typical only for guanidinium nitroprusside. The vibrational anisotropy of iron atoms in barium nitroprusside that has been observed by X-ray structural investigations has a different origin and therefore does not result in an anisotropic Lamb-Mössbauer factor. We have also investigated metastable states in guanidinium nitroprusside that have been populated by means of incoherent irradiation from light-emitting diodes. With a specific orientation of the guanidinium nitroprusside single crystal a population of the metastable states up to 26% could be achieved. Populations of comparable size on lithium, sodium and potassium nitroprussides have only been reached using coherent laser irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Integral equations and operator theory 22 (1995), S. 360-374 
    ISSN: 1420-8989
    Keywords: 34 A 55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Wirbelfrakturen ; Spongiosaplastik ; Korrekturverlust ; Transplantatnekrose ; Key words Spine fractures ; Bone graft ; Loss of correction ; Transplant necrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: In the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures of the spine an osteosynthesis in the real sense is not possible. The result of the injury is not only bony destruction but also in most cases biomechanical instability of the motion segment. The goal of operative treatment is stability. Besides internal fixation bone transplantation is necessary to achieve bony fusion. A common procedure is transpedicular bone grafting. Posterior stabilization with an internal fixator is combined with cancellous bone transplantation, which is placed into the vertebral body and the intervertebral space through the pedicles. Resection of the intervertebral disc is necessary to obtain bone healing under the protection of the implant. In a clinical study after the stabilizing operation, we found a correction loss of 30–60% that was independent of the fracture type, implant or operation procedure. The lack of healing of the bone graft was the reason for the correction loss. Besides the unfavorable vascularization of the intervertebral space which cannot be influenced by operation, the morphological arrangement and spatial expansion of the cancellous bone transplant are important for obtaining contact with the endplate of the cranially situated vertebral body. The assessment of the 3D reconstructions, generated from the digitized picture data of CT scans, shows small volumes of cancellous bone grafts with no or poor contact to the neighboring vertebral body. Our results indicate that transpedicular bone grafting cannot be recommended for the operative treatment of unstable thoracolumbar spinal fractures, since in most cases no bony fusion occurs. In our opinion combined anterior-posterior stabilizations are more often indicated.
    Notes: In der operativen Behandlung instabiler Frakturen der thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäule ist eine Osteosynthese im eigentlichen Sinn nicht möglich. Bei der Verletzung tritt nicht nur ein isolierter knöcherner Schaden ein, sondern in den meisten Fällen auch eine biomechanische Instabilität des betroffenen Bewegungssegments. Das Ziel der operativen Behandlung besteht darin, Stabilität zu erzeugen. Neben der Instrumentation mit internen Fixationssystemen ist eine Knochentransplantation erforderlich, um eine knöcherne Spondylodese zu erzielen. Die häufigste Form der Knochentransplantation ist die transpedikuläre Spongiosaplastik, bei welcher im Rahmen der dorsalen Implantation des Fixateur interne über die Pedikel des Wirbels Spongiosa in den Wirbelkörper und den Intervertebralraum plaziert wird. Voraussetzung für die knöcherne Einheilung des Transplantats unter dem Schutz des stabilisierenden Implantats ist die vorherige Resektion des intervertebralen Bandscheibengewebes. In der klinischen Studie wurden Korrekturverluste in der Größenordnung von 30–60% im Bereich der operierten Bewegungssegmente unabhängig vom Frakturtyp, Implantat oder Operationsverfahren nachgewiesen. Verantwortlich war im wesentlichen die fehlende Einheilung der transplantierten Spongiosa. Neben der ungünstigen Vaskularisation im Intervertebralraum, welche operativ unbeeinflußbar ist, kommt der morphologischen Anordnung des Transplantats, seiner räumlichen Ausdehnung und damit der Möglichkeit, mit dem benachbarten Wirbel in Kontakt zu kommen, eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Die Auswertung von 3D-Rekonstruktionen, welche aus den CT-Bilddaten gewonnen wurden, zeigt unbefriedigend kleine Spongiosavolumina, die keinen oder eine nur ungenügenden Kontakt zum Nachbarwirbel herstellen. Die vorliegenden NMR-Untersuchungen belegen eine mangelnde Vitalität der transplantierten Spongiosa. Da überwiegend keine knöcherne Fusion von instabilen Bewegungssegmenten oder nur unter Entwicklung von erheblichen Korrekturverlusten eintritt, ist die transpedikuläre Spongiosaplastik nach den obigen Ergebnissen nicht für die operative Stabilisierung thorakolumbaler Frakturen geeignet. Als Konsequenz aus den Ergebnissen muß die Indikation zur kombiniert dorso-ventralen Stabilisierung häufiger gestellt werden. Möglicherweise werden in Zukunft endoskopische minimalinvasive Techniken weiter perfektioniert, um invasive, patientenbelastende Verfahren zu vermeiden und das Komplikationsrisiko zu senken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 1 (1998), S. 24-32 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Distale Radiusfraktur ; Operationsverfahren ; Fixateur externe ; Spongiosaplastik ; Key words Distal radial fractures ; Operative treatment ; External fixation ; Bone-grafting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Because non-operative treatment of distal radial fractures usually has a poor outcome there has been a trend towards operative treatment, targeting the anatomical reconstuction of the distal radius and the joint. Analysis of the fracture based on the AO classification allows rational treatment and makes the results comparable. A detailed indication list for more diffentiated therapy of these radial fractures and a detailed description of the operative technique are given. From 1993 to 1997, 174 patients were treated with external fixation of the AO in the Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen (trauma center level one). Type C fractures were found in 90%. Two-thirds of the patients were women. Three different types of treatment have been compared: (1) external fixation; (2) external fixation and change to internal fixation with bone-grafting; (3) external fixation and bone-grafting. Similar functional results were achieved in all groups. The loss of repositioning in the follow-up was smallest in group 3. The following complications were found: local pin-tract infections in 15 patients, operations because of hematoma in the pelvic region of bone harvesting in 5 patients and 10 severe dislocations in the group with internal fixation. External fixation including bone-grafting showed the best results in severe type C fractures of the distal radius.
    Notes: Bei der Versorgung der körperfernen Radiusfraktur ist aufgrund unbefriedigender Ergebnisse nach konservativer Behandlung ein Wechsel zur operativen Therapie mit dem Ziel der anatomischen Gelenkrekonstruktion zu beobachten. Eine Frakturanalyse basierend auf der AO-Klassifikation ermöglicht eine bedarfsgerechte Therapieplanung und den Vergleich der Ergebnisse. Nach einer Darstellung der Indikationen zur differenzierten Therapie der distalen Radiusfraktur werden die Ergebnisse der in den Jahren von 1993–1997 in der BG Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen mit Fixateur externe (FE) behandelten Patienten (n = 174) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Operationstechnik analysiert. C-Frakturen lagen nach der Klassifikation der AO zu 90% vor, Frauen waren zu ⅔ betroffen. Drei Behandlungsgruppen wurden unterschieden: 1. FE, 2. FE und Wechsel auf ein internes Verfahren mit Spongiosaplastik sowie 3. FE und Spongiosaplastik. Bei vergleichbarer Funktion beobachteten wir den geringsten Korrekturverlust in Gruppe 3. An Komplikationen traten auf: lokale Pininfekte bei 15 Patienten, 5 Hämatomrevisionen an der Spongiosaentnahmestelle am Beckenkamm und 10 Dislokationen nach Verfahrenswechsel auf eine Plattenosteosynthese. Die Stabilisierung im Fixateur externe mit begleitender (ein- oder zweizeitiger) Spongiosaplastik scheint die besten Ergebnisse bei der Versorgung der komplexen C-Frakturen des distalen Radius zu erbringen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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