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  • Electronic Resource  (12)
  • 1995-1999  (12)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of virology 140 (1995), S. 2183-2200 
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three distinct sequence groups were found among partial nucleotide sequences of 38 isolates of beet western yellows virus (BWYV) and beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) from Europe, Iran and the USA. The first group contains both sugar beet and oilseed rape specific isolates, and the differentiating characteristic linked to this host range specificity are 2 single base pair changes in a 1 200 nucleotide region of the genome. It is proposed that the European BWYV strains that can be transferred at low frequency between rape and sugar beet belong to this group. Also belonging to this group are the published BWYV sequences of Veidt et al. [59] and of the Californian BWYV-ST9 isolate [4]. The second group contains mostly rape-derived isolates which have an intergenic region highly distinct from that of group-1 isolates but similar polymerase and coat protein regions. It is proposed that the rape-specific BWYV isolates which cannot be transmitted to sugar beet belong to this group. The third group contains mostly beet-specific isolates from Southern Europe and Iran, and may be adapted to the Mediterranean climate and flora. It is distinct from groups 1 and 2 in all three genome regions investigated and its polymerase and intergenic regions are as much related to those of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and curcurbit aphid borne yellows virus (CABYV) as they are to those of group-1 and group-2. On the basis of sequence similarities and established nomenclature it is proposed to use BWYV for groups 1 and 2 (BWYV-1 and BWYV-2 respectively) and to use BMYV for group-3 isolates, which are distinct enough from the other two groups to merit a separate nomenclature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 23 (1995), S. 61-68 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Focused ion beam (FIB) systems using gallium liquid metal ion sources can remove material with a lateral resolution below 50 nm and can produce metal deposition at a similar resolution with ion beam-enhanced chemical vapour deposition. These capabilities have resulted in many valuable applications for the microelectronics industry. Circuit modifications are possible because existing connections can be severed and reconnected to different locations. Testing of circuitry can be enhanced by isolation of specific circuits, removal of overlayers and by creation of probe pads where desired. Grain sizes can be determined from secondary electron images by the delineation of individual grains due to orientation-dependent channeling of the ion beam. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses of small areas can provide ion images, elemental identification of small areas and endpoint detection with depth profiles. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy sections are prepared routinely using the FIB. These FIB-prepared sections are notable because specific features, such as defects, can be exposed and a range of materials including silicon, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide and even metal layers can be cut without distortion. Transmission electron micrographs of superior quality have been obtained with a large area of very uniform thickness that permits identification of features such as areas under stress.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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