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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental measurements of misfit dislocation velocities, obtained from in situ transmission electron microscope observations of strained GexSi1−x/Si(100) heterostructures, are compared with predictions of the diffusive double-kink (or "kink pair'') model of dislocation propagation. Good agreement is observed between experiment and theory for buried strained layers with applied stresses in the range of hundreds of MPa. For very thin uncapped strained layers, the diffusive double-kink model does not describe experimental data well. In these structures better agreement between experiment and theory is obtained if we model single-kink nucleation at the epilayer free surface. We compare our experimental data to those of other groups, and show how our modeling can reconcile apparently disparate trends deduced by these other groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 1468-1470 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe a novel substrate patterning geometry which can reduce epilayer threading dislocation densities by up to two orders of magnitude in GexSi1−x/Si(100) (x∼0.15–0.20) het- eroepitaxial layers. The basic pattern consists of a two-dimensional array of ∼2 μm diameter oxide pillars which are separated from each other by varying pitch dimensions, and which are staggered slightly from their neighbors with respect to the in-plane 〈011〉 directions. This ensures that a misfit dislocation nucleating at any point within the epilayer must eventually propagate into one of the pillars, where the threading end will be terminated. Prospects for surface planarization and overgrowth of the pillars are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 341-343 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report strong transmission electron microscope (TEM) contrast between p-, i-, and n-doped InP layers in semiconductor laser diodes. For doping concentrations ∼1018 cm−3, contrast levels on the order 30% are observed between p- and n-type layers. A critical feature of these experiments is that the samples imaged in the TEM are relatively perfect, plane-parallel sided membranes fabricated with a focused ion beam. This technique offers the ability to detect and map doping variations with nm-scale resolution, simultaneously with the other compositional and defect information inherent to TEM. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 964-966 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the growth of GexSi1−x alloys on Si(110) surfaces. For this growth normal, there are only two inclined {111} glide planes intersecting the interfacial plane. Both intersections are along the same in-plane [11¯0] direction, thus classic a/2〈110〉{111} glide misfit dislocations can form along only one interfacial direction. This produces an orthorhombic unit cell following strain relaxation by misfit dislocations. At sufficiently high stresses, previously unobserved misfit dislocation structures are activated. The critical thickness for misfit dislocation introduction is found to be shifted to lower Ge compositions with respect to growth on the (100) surface, consistent with a higher angular factor resolving the interfacial component of the dislocation Burgers vector in the (110) system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The microstructure of semiconductor laser diodes is studied using a combination of focused ion beam sputtering, electroluminescence imaging, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Careful control of focused ion beam sputtering allows fabrication of high quality thin membranes for transmission electron microscope imaging, which can be located to submicron accuracy at a given position on the laser active stripe. By correlation with electroluminescence imaging, the membrane may then be positioned at an optically degraded region of the active stripe. In addition, imaging of the complete cross-sectional laser structure, from substrate to surface contact layers is possible. The applications of these techniques to studies of laser degradation mechanisms are demonstrated and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 1426-1428 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By adding electrical connections to a specimen heating holder for a transmission electron microscope (TEM), we have measured the characteristics of electronic devices, such as diodes, while they remain under observation. We have made TEM specimens from metastable GeSi/Si p-n junction diodes and introduced dislocations by heating in situ. We describe the changes in the electrical properties of these devices as dislocations form. We find that a generation-recombination process does not explain our results and instead, suggest a model based on the creation of point defects or the diffusion of metals during the formation of dislocations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a quantitative theoretical and experimental analysis of strain relaxation in GexSi1−x/Si(110) heterostructures. It is shown that above a critical composition, the critical thickness for edge a/6〈112〉 Shockley partial dislocations is less than that for 60° a/2〈110〉 total dislocations. The net (excess) stress is greater on the edge a/6〈112〉 dislocations for epilayer thicknesses, h〈hx, but greater on the 60° a/2〈110〉 dislocations for h(approximately-greater-than)hx. The sensitive calculated dependence of hx upon the stacking fault energy per unit area γ allows an experimental determination of γ=65±10 mJ m−2 for x∼0.3 in GexSi1−x.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Crystal Growth 26 (1974), S. 29-32 
    ISSN: 0022-0248
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 23 (1995), S. 61-68 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Focused ion beam (FIB) systems using gallium liquid metal ion sources can remove material with a lateral resolution below 50 nm and can produce metal deposition at a similar resolution with ion beam-enhanced chemical vapour deposition. These capabilities have resulted in many valuable applications for the microelectronics industry. Circuit modifications are possible because existing connections can be severed and reconnected to different locations. Testing of circuitry can be enhanced by isolation of specific circuits, removal of overlayers and by creation of probe pads where desired. Grain sizes can be determined from secondary electron images by the delineation of individual grains due to orientation-dependent channeling of the ion beam. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses of small areas can provide ion images, elemental identification of small areas and endpoint detection with depth profiles. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy sections are prepared routinely using the FIB. These FIB-prepared sections are notable because specific features, such as defects, can be exposed and a range of materials including silicon, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide and even metal layers can be cut without distortion. Transmission electron micrographs of superior quality have been obtained with a large area of very uniform thickness that permits identification of features such as areas under stress.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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