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  • Electronic Resource  (19)
  • 1990-1994  (7)
  • 1960-1964  (12)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using quantitative autoradiography, we have studied the seasonal changes of high affinity melatonin receptor density in both the SCN and PT of the hedgehog, a seasonal breeder and an hibernator. Animals in 3 different physiological states were studied: sexually active animals, and sexually inactive animals during the hibernation period, being then either euthermic or hypothermic. In sexually active animals, Bmaax were 75.8 ± 7.1 fmol/mg protein in PT and 9.1 ± 0.5 fmol/mg protein in SCN; and Kd values were: 94 ± 22 pM in the PT and 101 ± 15 pM in the SCN. This specific binding was strongly decreased in the PT of sexually inactive animals. Moreover, this decrease was significantly stronger in hypothermic than in euthermic hedgehogs. Saturation studies and Scatchard analysis revealed that the observed decrease in the PT resulted from change in the Bmax but not in the Kd, Bmax values being respectively 56.4 ± 5.9 and 29.5 ± 1.9 fmol/mg protein in euthermic and hypothermic sexually at rest animals. In none of the different physiological states, did the density of melatonin receptors of the SCN show any changes, Bmaax values being respectively 9.8 ± 0.5 and 9.8 ± 0.4 fmol/mg protein in euthermic and hypothermic sexually at rest animals. This shows for the first time a tissue-specific regulation of melatonin receptor density occurring in the PT but not in the SCN. Furthermore, this decrease of binding in the PT is correlated with both sexual inactivity and hibernation period. This strongly suggests that the mediation of the photoperiodic effect on seasonal functions like seasonal hypothermia and reproduction involves an effect of melatonin on the PT rather than on the SCN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report here the effects of pinealectomy and exposition to constant light on the density of melatonin receptors in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the rat using quantitative autoradiography. The Bmaxvalues were significantly increased when the animals were maintained in constant light for 3 days (8.22 ± 0.95 fmol/mg protein versus 4.55±0.14 fmol/mg protein in control group, 12 h light/12 h dark cycle (12L/12D), n = 6). A similar increase was also observed in rats pinealectomized 3 days before sacrifice and then maintained either under 12L/12D (Bmax7.56±0.80 fmol/mg protein) or in constant light (Bmax7.85±1.02 fmol/mg protein), while Kdvalues failed to show any variations after constant light and/or pinealectomy.The effect of GTPγS on the density of rnelatonin binding sites was also investigated in control animals and after 3 days of constant light. In 12L/12D animals, the Bmax shifted from 5.94 ± 0.14 fmol/mg protein in the absence of GTPγS to 3.97±0.22 fmol/ mg protein in the presence of 50μiM GTPγS. In animals maintained for 3 days in constant light, a similar decrease in the Bmax value was observed (8.95 ± 0.25 fmol/mg protein in absence and 5.95 ± 0.22 fmol/mg protein in presence of 50 μ GTPγS). In both cases, Kd values were not affected by GTPγS.Pinealectomy and constant light exposition are known to induce a suppression of the nocturnal peak of plasma rnelatonin and to keep plasma rnelatonin concentrations at a very low level. These results could suggest a regulatory effect of rnelatonin on the density of its own receptors which are shown here to be also coupled with a G-protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gauer F, Masson-Pévet M, Pévet P. Differential regulation of melatonin receptors by short- versus long-term pinealectomy in the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei and pars tuberalis. J. Pineal Res. 1994: 16: 73–76.〈section xml:id="abs1-1"〉〈title type="main"〉AbstractWe have investigated the effects of short- and long-term pinealectomy on the density of melatonin receptors in both the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and pars tubercles (PT) of the rat. Short-term pinealectomy (conducted 3-5 days before sacrifice) induced a significant increase in the density of melatonin receptors in both structures. This increase can be interpreted as an up-regulation of melatonin receptors following the absence of plasma melanoma. In contrast, 7 days after pinelectomy, the receptor density began to decrease, reaching a low point 1. 5 months after pinealectomy. At this time, the decrease represents a 40-45% reduction in binding sites as compared with values measured 3–5 days after pinealectomy. This slow decrease could be related to a slowdown of melatonin receptor synthesis. These results suggest that emblazoning has a stimulatory effect on its own receptor synthesis. However, at 1. 5 months after pinealectomy a novel equilibrium between synthesis and hydrolysis seems to be reached. Melanoma does not appear to be indispensable for the synthesis of its receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Stretch of the left atrium of anesthetized dogs usually results in diuresis, which is most pronounced at high initial levels of urine flow, i. e. at low control osmotic U/P ratios. Under these conditions the response consists mainly of an increase in free water clearance and can best be explained by inhibition of ADH. 2. Increases of the clearance of both PAH and Inulin are seen in all experiments showing a diuretic response, and suggest the additional operation of a hemodynamic mechanism which is independent of ADH. If total renal blood flow reflects a corresponding change in medullary blood flow, changes in the tubular concentrating mechanism alone can account for a dilution of the final urine to a U/P ratio of 0.7 without involving the ADH mechanism. 3. In dogs showing a positive response to atrial stretch the increase in GFR is associated with an increase in excretion of osmotically active substances, and a quantitative relationship between changes in GFR and osmolar excretion can be demonstrated. 4. The results of the present investigation indicate that response to atrial stretch may consist of decrease of ADH activity, increase of medullary blood flow, and increase of GFR. The state of hydration and the postoperative condition of the experimental animal seem to determine which of the above factors plays the dominant role in the diuretic response.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Dehnung des linken Vorhofes führt in den meisten Fällen am narkotisierten Hunde zu einer Diurese. Diese ist um so ausgeprägter, je höher die Ausgangsdiurese bzw. je niedriger das osmotische U/P-Verhältnis in der Kontrollperiode ist. Bei niedrigem U/P-Verhältnis wird die ausgelöste Diurese vorwiegend durch eine Zunahme der Freiwasser-Clearance bedingt, die am einfachsten durch eine ADH-Hemmung zu erklären ist. 2. In den Versuchen, in denen eine Diurese eintritt, steigen sowohl die Nierendurchblutung als auch die Inulin-Clearance an. Es müssen daher zur Erklärung der Vorhofdiurese auch hämodynamische, also ADH-unabhängige Faktoren herangezogen werden. Im Falle eines parallelen Verhaltens von Nierengesamtdurchblutung und Markdurchblutung kann man eine Harnverdünnung bis zu einem U/P-Verhältnis von 0,7 über eine Änderung des tubulären Konzentrierungsprozesses erklären, ohne den ADH Mechanismus heranzuziehen. 3. In Fällen, bei denen die Vorhofdehnung zu einem Anstieg der Glomerulusfiltration führt, geht die Diurese mit einer Zunahme der osmotischen Ausscheidung einher. Entsprechend ließ sich eine quantitative Relation zwischen Änderung des Glomerulusfiltrates und Änderung der osmotischen Clearance aufstellen. 4. Unsere Untersuchungsergebnisse sprechen also dafür, daß die Vorhofdehnung mit folgendem Mechanismus beantwortet werden kann: Abnahme der ADH-Aktivität, Zunahme der Markdurchblutung der Niere und der Glomerulusfiltration. Welcher Faktor im Einzelfall in den Vordergrund tritt, scheint von der Hydrierung und vom postoperativen Zustand des Versuchstieres abzuhängen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 274 (1961), S. 41-42 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 275 (1962), S. 23-45 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 278 (1963), S. 45-45 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 278 (1963), S. 52-53 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 274 (1961), S. 262-271 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. The modified (Vorherr and Friedberg) method of Jeffer's bioassay of ADH was used to measure the influence of 20, 40 and 100 μU highly purified Tonephin, injected intravenously, on the excretion of water, when the rats were hydrated orally with a) 1% alcohol solution, b) 0,9% saline and c) 2,5% saline. Hydration with isotonic saline produced a reduction or even a reversal of the familiar antidiuretic effect of ADH during water hydration. When loading the animals with 2,5% saline a diuretic effect was seen only. 2. These effects cannot be attributed to changes of blood pressure. 3. It seems remarkable that such very minute dosages producing changes of ADH concentrations in the blood which are near the normal estimated concentrations of endogenous ADH in human plasma may induce a moderate however regular increase in urine flow, when the animals are hydrated with hypertonic saline.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei Anwendung der Methode von Vorherr u. Friedberg hemmen 20, 40 und 100 μE Tonephin abgestuft die Diurese, wenn peroral mit 1%igem Alkohol hydriert wird. Unter peroraler Beladung mit isotonischer NaCl-Lösung ist dieser antidiuretische Tonephineffekt bei gleicher Dosierung stark herabgesetzt bis aufgehoben, teilweise sogar umgekehrt. Nach peroraler Beladung mit 2,5%iger NaCl-Lösung kommt es ausschließlich zu einem diuretischen Effekt des Tonephins. 2. Diese Diureseveränderungen sind vom Blutdruck in der A. femoralis unabhängig. 3. Es erscheint bemerkenswert, daß bei der Ratte ein antidiuretischer und diuretischer Tonephineffekt ausgelöst werden kann durch Konzentrationen, die in der Nähe der geschätzten normalen Plasmakonzentrationen des Menschen liegen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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