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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prüfung auf Kombinationseffekte von Quercetin mit den Herbiziden Atrazin, Cyanazin und Gesamprim in Mutagenitätstests (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 32 (1993), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Pestizide ; Kombinationswirkungen ; Mutagenität ; Genotoxicity ; quercetin ; herbicides ; atrazine ; cyanazine ; combination effects ; SCE test ; HPRT test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The plant flavonol quercetin and the triazine herbicides atrazine, cyanazine, and gesamprim were examined individually and in combination for the induction of genotoxic effects. The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay and the gene mutation assay for 6-thioguanine resistance (HPRT) were carried out with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Whereas no evidence of an increased SCE rate was found, the test substances caused a slightly increased mutation rate in the HPRT assay after metabolic activation with a subcellular liver enzyme preparation. Combination studies with two or three of the test substances did not result in higher mutation rates than those observed for the individual compounds tested singly.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das in Plfanzen vorkommende Flavonol Quercetin und die zu den Triazinen gehörenden Herbizide Atrazin, Cyanazin und Gesamprim® wurden einzeln und in Kombination miteinander auf genotoxische Wirkungen untersucht. Es wurden die Induktion von Schwesterchromatidaustauschen (SCE-Test) und von Mutationen zur 6-Thioguaninresistenz (HPRT-Test) an Ovarzellen des Chinesischen Hamsters (CHO-Zellen) bestimmt. Während sich in SCE-Test keine Hinweise auf genotoxische Wirkungen ergaben, verursachten die Prüfsubstanzen im HPRT-Test nach metabolischer Aktivierung durch zugesetzte subzelluläre Enzympräparate der Rattenleber (S9-Mix) leicht erhöhte Mutationsraten. Die Kombinationen von zwei oder drei Prüfsubstanzen verursachten keine deutliche Zunahme der genotoxischen Wirkung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01614756
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic genotoxic effects of tobacco-related nitrosamines following oral and inhalational administration to Sprague-Dawley rats (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Tobacco-specific nitrosamines ; Toxicokinetics ; Genotoxicity ; Systemic effects ; Primary cells ; Detection of DNA damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ex vivo model to detect nonspecific DNA damage in different rat tissues has been developed and employed to study systemic properties of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines. One hour after treatment of rats with the carcinogens, primary, intact cells were isolated from various organs. Viability of the cells was monitored by trypan blue exclusion. Genotoxicity was determined by alkaline elution, in situ nick translation or microgel electrophoresis. We found that oral application of 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) induces genotoxic effects in the liver (3.125–50 mg/kg), whereas N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is only moderately active (50–100 mg/kg). Furthermore, oral administration of NNK, NNN, and of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), induces DNA damage in the nasal cavity. In peripheral blood lymphocytes genotoxicity of NDMA (〈 2 mg/kg), but not of NNK (50 mg/kg), was observed. NDMA and NNK are just as genotoxic in the liver when administered by inhalation as orally (effective doses: 0.1–1 and 50 mg/kg, respectively). For human cancer, these results indicate that in addition to the susceptibilities in local organs (oral cavity after snuff dipping and lung after tobacco smoke inhalation), these nitrosamines also pose a risk systemically for more remote organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184666
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutagenic and genotoxic activities of extracts derived from the cooked and raw edible mushroomAgancus bisporus (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 475-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Agaricus bisporus ; Histidine artefacts ; Genotoxic effects ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Primary rat hepatocytes ; DNA amplification ; Short-term in vivo tests ; micronuclei ; DNA single-strand breaks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A. bisporus has been reported to be carcinogenic to mice [Toth et al. (1986) Cancer Res 38:177–180] and mutagenic inSalmonella typhimurium [Sterner et al. (1982) Mutat Res 101:269–281]. The effects of different heat treatments on the mutagenicity of raw, cooked (boiled) and friedA. bisporus extracts in theS. typhimurium test is reported. The spectrum of potential mutagenic activity ofA. bisporus extracts was tested in vitro in Syrian hamster embryo cells for selective DNA amplification and in primary rat hepatocytes for DNA singlestrand breaks. DNA single-strand breaks were also determined in liver cells of rats and micronuclei were measured in bone marrow cells of mice in vivo following oral application ofA. bisporus extracts. It was shown that the complexA. bisporus extracts per se are not detectably mutagenic inS. typhimurium and that the previously observed increase in number of colonies per plate is probably due to a histidine artefact. No indication of genotoxicity was seen in the two in vitro assays with primary mammalian cells with two different end points. No evidence of in vivo genotoxic effects was observed in the rat liver cells. Finally,A. bisporus was not genotoxic in the micronucleus assay of mouse bone marrow cells in contrast to its previously reported carcinogenicity in mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01612997
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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