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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Posture control ; Motion vision ; Visual motion perception ; Height vertigo ; Change in size ; Change in disparity ; Posturography ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary When visual information is provided in addition to input from other sensory systems, normal body sway can be attenuated by about 50%. The essential visual cue is retinal target displacement, which increases as eye-target distance is reduced. As a result, both lateral and anterior/posterior (A-P) sway decrease as eye/target distance decreases. We have investigated the geometrical basis of lateral and fore-aft sway detection by vision, the latter provided by detection of change in disparity of the visual axis of both eyes and change in target size. Using known movement detection thresholds the largest possible distance for visual stabilization of posture can be calculated to be 34 m for lateral sway, and for fore-aft sway 1.50m for change in disparity and 3.20 m for change in size. Visual stimuli were designed to selectively stabilize fore-aft sway either by change in size or by change in disparity. The experiments revealed that the theoretical prediction overestimates the efficacy of visual stabilization of lateral sway and underestimates the efficacy of fore-aft sway stabilization. It is proposed that microoscillations of the eye increase the threshold for detection of retinal target displacements, leading to less efficient lateral sway stabilization than expected, and that the threshold for detection of self motion in the A-P direction is lower than the threshold for object motion detection used in the calculations, leading to more efficient stabilization of A-P sway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Branched histiocytic cells ; T-zone histiocytes ; Intraepithelial histiocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Branched histiocytic cells of the epidermis, the oral and anal mucosa, the tonsillar crypt epithelium, the thymus and of the T-cell-dependent areas of lymph node, spleen, and tonsil were examined with immunohistochemical single- and double-staining techniques. The markers used were a monoclonal anti-T6-antibody, a monoclonal anti-HLA-DR-antibody, heteroantiserum to S-100 protein and peanut agglutinin. Anti-HLA-DR and peanut agglutinin reacted with a considerable number of branched histiocytic cells, whereas anti-T6 and anti-S-100 protein only stained relatively small subpopulations. Concerning the population of branched histiocytic cells, double-staining revealed that the tissue distributions of all the markers used overlapped each other to various degrees; this was demonstrated by the different numbers of double-stained cells obtained in the experiments using all six possible combinations of primary reagents. The number of branched histiocytic cells co-expressing the markers varied depending upon marker combinations, types of tissue and microenvironment. We suggest that much of the immunologic phenotype of branched histiocytic cells is dynamic rather than static.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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