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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lateral olfactory tract transmitter: Glutamate, aspartate, or neither? (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 1 (1981), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: glutamate ; aspartate ; 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid ; kainic acid,N-methyl-DL-aspartate ; pyriform cortex slice ; lateral olfactory tract ; homocysteic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Aspartate and glutamate are the principal candidates for the excitatory neurotransmitter released by the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) in prepyriform cortex of the rat. Identity of action of the natural transmitter with exogenous glutamate and/or aspartate, however, has not yet been demonstrated. We show that bath-applied 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid, a presumed specific glutamate antagonist, blocks LOT-stimulated prepyriform field potentials and single unit activity but not the single unit response to ionophoretically applied glutamate or aspartate in rat olfactory cortex slices. These results suggest that neither aspartate nor glutamate is the LOT transmitter. Responses to ionophoretically applied N-methyl-DL-aspartate, kainic acid, and DL-homocysteate were clearly decreased by 2-amino-4-phosphono-butyric acid. This suggests that these agents, usually presumed to be aspartate or glutamate agonists, act at different receptors than aspartate and glutamate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00736043
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric distribution of acetylcholine receptors and M channels on prepyriform neurons (1983)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 3 (1983), S. 163-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: receptor distribution ; acetylcholine ; prepyriform cortex ; basal dendrites ; pyramidal neurons ; potentiation ; M currents ; muscarinic receptors ; brain slices ; barium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The responses of pyramidal neurons of rat prepyriform cortex to ionophoretic application of acetylcholine (ACh) were studied in a submerged, perfused brain slice. 2. ACh excited some neurons but only if applied to an area near to the cut surface of the slice. This area contained the basal dendrites of the pyramidal cells and some cell bodies. No excitation was seen if ACh was applied at depths of 250µm or more from the cut surface, an area which contained only apical dendrites, although the apical dendrites were very sensitive to excitatory amino acids such as aspartate (Asp) and glutamate (Glu). 3. On all neurons which did not discharge to ionophoretic application of ACh, ACh potentiated the response to Glu and Asp. No potentiation of amino acid responses was obtained on apical dendrites. The potentiation had a time course similar to that of the discharge of neurons which fired to ACh. This observation suggests that pyramidal neurons have receptors for ACh on basal but not apical dendrites. 4. The ACh response in the basal dendrite-soma region was elicted by pilocarpine and blocked by atropine but not curare. This was true whether the response studied was direct excitation or potentiation of the response to an amino acid. 5. The ACh response was associated with a voltage-dependent increase in membrane resistance which had a slow time course and appeared to be due to a turning off of an M current, as described by Brown and Adams (1980) in sympathetic ganglion cells. The effects of ACh were minimal at the resting potential but increased with depolarization. ACh had no effect on the current-voltage relation of the cell, except at depolarized potentials of less than -60 mV. 6. Ionophoretic application of Ba2+ to the basal dendritic region resulted in potentiation of the amino acid responses and sometimes induced a discharge similar to that of ACh. Since Ba2+ mimics the ACh response, presumably by a direct blockade of the M channel, the effects of Ba2+ on apical dendrites were tested to determine whether these dendrites contain M channels associated with a transmitter receptor other than ACh. However, Ba2+ did not induce potentiation in apical dendrites, suggesting that M channels are also restricted to the basal dendrites or cell bodies. 7. The potentiation of a response to a depolarizing constant-current pulse was comparable in degree and time course to that of amino acid responses, indicating that the ACh potentiation of the amino acid responses is a predictable augmentation of any input which brings the membrane potential into the range of M-channel activation. 8. The segregation of ACh receptors to a discrete portion of the cell suggests that they are functional receptors and may be part of a physiologic arrangement which directs different afferent inputs to different portions of the dendritic tree. Such segregation of receptors may also occur on other neurons with distributed inputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00735280
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-methyl-d-aspartate andl-aspartate activate distinct receptors in piriform cortex (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 4 (1984), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: excitatory amino acids ; aspartate ; N-methyl-dl-aspartate ; 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate ; receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The effects of ionophoretically appliedN-methyl-dl-aspartate (NMDA) and aspartate on identified pyramidal neurons in rat piriform cortex were examined in isolated, submerged, and perfused brain slices. 2. NMDA was more potent than aspartate in eliciting neuronal discharge. Perfusion of the acidic amino acid antagonists,dl-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV), 10−6 or 10−5 M,dl-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate (APH), 10−5 M, andγ-d-glutamylglycine (γDGG), 10−5 M, selectively blocked the response to NMDA without effect on the response to aspartate. 3. At higher concentrations which blocked responses to both NMDA and aspartate,γDGG blocked kainate responses and depressed glutamate and quisqualate responses. 4. These results suggest that in piriform neurons NMDA and aspartate act at distinct receptor sites, not a common receptor site, and that both of these sites are distinct from those that mediate responses to glutamate, quisqualate, and kainate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711004
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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