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  • Electronic Resource  (3)
  • 42.70.Df  (1)
  • 61.30.v  (1)
  • Ammonium  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 543-552 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 61.30.v ; 42.65.k
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The transients of Kerr-like optical nonlinearities in various liquid crystals observed with picosecond light-induced dynamic gratings are discussed. It is shown that relatively high intensities and strong optical fields of short laser pulses lead to rapid molecular reorientation, ultrasound generation, multiphoton absorption, cholesteric helix deformation and other new phenomena which are not only of interest for basic liquid-crystal research but also determine photonic switching times in liquid crystalline all-optical devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 59-62 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.70.Df
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Low-molar-mass liquid crystals consisting of a binary nematic mixture of twoβ-naphthylester which exhibit an anisotropic glassy state at room temperature have recently proven to be a suitable material for erasable optical data-storage applications. Using the holographic-grating technique, it is shown that more than 1000 all-optical write, read and erase cycles can be realized without remarkable loss of reversibility. The recording intensities are of the order of 100 W/cm2 and optical erasure can be achieved with about twice that intensity. The times for recording and erasure of the optical gratings range on the millisecond scale and the stored gratings persist several months with a diffraction efficiency of typically 1 %. The spatial resolution has been proven down to 2 µm so far. The obtained results are compared with other reversible recording materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 189-190 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen ; Ammonium ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen extraction ; Soils ; Nitrogen mineralization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A roller bed and rotary end-over-end shaker were compared for the extraction of mineral N from a variety of soil types; both were equally efficient with an optimum extraction time of 30 min. However, the roller bed permitted a greater operational capacity, a faster throughput of samples, and easier identification of sample bottles compared with the end-over-end shaker. More NH4 +-N and NO3 −-N (P〈0.001) was recovered from soil by 2 M KCl than by any other extractant, in a soil: extractant ratio of 1 to 5 (w:v), except water, which was equally efficient at removing NO3 −-N from soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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