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  • Electronic Resource  (24)
  • Glomerulus  (6)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (6)
  • Solanum tuberosum  (6)
  • Motor control  (5)
  • Angiotensin II  (4)
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  • Electronic Resource  (24)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for yield and yield components in the early generations of a potato breeding programme (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1986), S. 218-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Selection efficiency ; Potato breeding ; Yield ; Yield components
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A number of unselected potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) clones were grown at two locations (a seed site and a ware site) in three consecutive years. The repeatability of total yield and yield components in the first two clonal years was compared with the same characters recorded in the third clonal year. Selection for yield in the first clonal year was only marginally more effective than a random reduction in number of genotypes, while selection in the second clonal year appeared to be somewhat more effective as judged by performance in the third clonal year. The inefficiency of selection in the first clonal year was ascribed, at least in part, to the inaccuracy of yield assessment as well as the “carry-over” effect of the mother tubers. Correlations of total yield were higher between different years in the same location than between different locations. Selection under growing conditions suitable for production of seed tubers tended to result in selection of early maturing clones which would not necessarily be optimal for ware growing conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289277
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross prediction in a potato breeding programme by evaluation of parental material (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 246-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Parental value ; Univariate cross prediction ; Mid-parent ; Mid-self value
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary It is shown that it is possible to obtain an indication of the parental value of heterozygous cultivars of potatoes for the characters breeders' preference, total tuber weight, mean tuber weight and number of tubers. Three methods of predicting the characteristics of progeny produced from particular parental cultivars were examined, namely: univariate cross prediction (based on mean and variance), mid-parent values and mid-self values. All provided some indication of which crosses would give superior progeny, but univariate cross prediction gave rankings which correlated most highly with observed performance in the second clonal year for the characters breeders' preference and total tuber weight. Interestingly, mid-self values gave the best predictions in the case of mean tuber weight and number of tubers. It is suggested that such predictions of ‘parental value’, especially when based on univariate cross prediction at the seedling stage, are worth carrying out in practical breeding programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266194
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of cross prediction methods in a practical potato breeding programme (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Potatoes ; Solanum tuberosum ; Cross prediction ; Breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Most previous studies on cross prediction methods have examined relatively few crosses, particularly in relation to the numbers involved in most breeding programmes. In this paper the feasibility of using cross prediction methods was examined in a practical potato (Solanum tuberosum) breeding scheme by the analyses of progeny from 52 crosses. The variate considered was breeder's preference, a visual assessment made of the harvested tubers to estimate their commercial potential. The results showed that it was possible to identify the superior crosses. Cross prediction based simply on the mean preference scores, averaged over scorers and clones within progenies, estimated on seedlings or first clonal year plants, provided the best estimate of a progeny's performance in the third clonal generation. Predictions based on the expected proportion of clones that would transgress a given target value also provided a good indication of a progeny's potential. The poorest prediction was obtained by using the observed frequency of desirable clones in a progeny sample. The implications for potato breeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288828
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomerular ultrastructure of the trout, Salmo gairdneri: Effects of angiotensin II and adaptation to seawater (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Angiotensin II ; Glomerulus ; Salmo gairdneri ; Seawater-adaptation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of angiotensin infusion on the glomerular ultrastructure of freshwater- and seawater-adapted rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, has been examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Adaptation of trout to seawater resulted in epithelial podocyte flattening, primary process broadening and apparent loss of foot processes in almost all glomeruli, features which were uncommon in freshwater-adapted trout. Similar changes were induced by infusion of freshwater-adapted animals with angiotensin, suggesting that the renin-angiotensin system plays a role in the modification of glomerular epithelial ultrastructure. Adaptation of trout to seawater also reduced glomerular diameter, but infusion of freshwater-adapted animals with angiotensin did not mirror this effect. Infusion of angiotensin into seawater-adapted animals increased the overall thickness of glomerular basement membrane by increasing the lamina rara interna and lamina densa. This did not occur when freshwater-adapted fish were either infused with angiotensin or adapted to seawater. These findings suggest that other humoral systems are involved in the control of glomerular diameter and basement membrane thickness as part of an integrated response to increased environmental salinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215528
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomerular binding of angiotensin II in the rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 479-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Glomerulus ; Angiotensin II ; Salmo gairdneri (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated glomeruli of the rainbow trout have been exposed in vitro to125I-angiotensin II (0.88 × 10−9 M) and binding sites located by light-microscopic autoradiography. These studies provide evidence of specific binding of angiotensin II by glomeruli. Binding was significantly inhibited by excess (10−5 M) unlabelled angiotensin II, but a high degree of non-specific binding also occurred. The mammalian competitive antagonist, saralasin (3 × 10−7 M) did not influence125I-angiotensin II binding to fish glomeruli. Intense binding of125I-angiotensin II was noted at the vascular pole of some glomeruli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740774
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomerular bypass shunts and distribution of glomeruli in the kidney of the lesser spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus caniculus (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glomerulus ; Renal vasculature ; Vascular casts ; Microcorrosion casts ; Glomerular bypass shunts ; Scyliorhinus caniculus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopy of corroded resin casts of the renal vasculature of Scyliorhinus caniculus has revealed a novel vascular pathway arising from the afferent arteriole and bypassing the glomerulus. This glomerulus bypass shunt occurred in 36% of the glomerular casts examined. The shunt ran to join a peritubular network of capillaries and thereby offers the potential to vary the degree of glomerular perfusion and control the proportion of active glomeruli. In 29% of glomeruli two efferent arterioles drained the capillary knot. Glomeruli were located close to the dorsal margin of the posterior mass of the kidney, and towards the lateral edge of the anterior lobes of the kidney of female dogfish. In male dogfish, glomeruli were evenly distributed through the posterior mass of kidney, while in female dogfish 89% of glomeruli occurred in the posterior mass and 11% of glomeruli were located within the small anterior lobes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319621
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomerular bypass shunts in the kidney of the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 377-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glomerulus ; Renal circulation ; Vascular casts ; Microcorrosion casts ; Glomerular bypass shunts ; Myxine glutinosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vascular pathways associated with the glomerulus of the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa have been studied by scanning electron microscopy of corroded resin casts of the vasculature. Although the overall pattern of the renal vasculature did not differ from earlier reports, a previously unreported vascular pathway which arose from the renal artery and bypassed the glomerular capillaries in 28% of glomeruli was clearly demonstrated. Glomerular bypass shunts either ran to join the loose capillary network around Bowman's capsule and thereby drain into the network of vessels associated with the mesonephric duct (ureter), or ran directly into the ureteral system of vessels and subsequently into the posterior cardinal veins. Glomerular bypass shunts which theoretically permit renal arterial blood to bypass the process of filtration may play a role in the regulation of body fluid volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222294
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct effects of angiotensin II on glomerular ultrastructure in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 315-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glomerulus ; Angiotensin II ; Glomerular ultrastructure ; Seawater adaptation ; Salmo gairdneri (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Slices from the kidneys of the rainbow trout which were exposed to 10-6 or 10-5 M angiotensin II (AII) and isolated glomeruli exposed to 10-7 or 10-5 M AII showed ultrastructural changes compared to control tissues incubated without AII. The studies indicate that angiotensin II has a direct action on glomerular ultrastructure, flattening the epithelial podocytes and broadening the primary processes with fusion of pedicels in extreme cases. These changes suggest a probable effect of AII on water permeability of the trout glomerulus, an intrarenal action which is believed to form an essential part of the antidiuretic adaptation to increased environmental salinities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318634
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of muscle activation dynamics on reaction time in the elderly (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 69 (1994), S. 344-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Aging ; Electromyography ; Reaction time ; Motor control ; Muscle contraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this investigation was to determine whether age-related changes in the dynamics of muscle activation were, in part, responsible for longer reaction times (RT) in the elderly. A group of 12 young (mean age, 20.6 years) and 12 elderly (mean age, 64.3 years) women performed a series of ballistic forearm supination movements in response to an auditory stimulus while using a simple reaction time test. Surface electromyographic waveforms from biceps brachii (agonist) and pronator teres (antagonist) muscles were recorded, together with the angle-time curves representing the motion of the forearm, on to an IBM compatible microcomputer. The results showed that an age-related increase (P〈0.05) in motor reaction time (MRT) contributed to longer RT in the elderly. In addition, the longer (P〈0.05) MRTs in the elderly were associated with a significantly slower rate (P〈0.05) of biceps brachii muscle activation and a significantly increased proportion (P〈0.05) of the initial biceps brachii muscle burst required to initiate the movement. This data suggested that an important part of the slowing of motor behaviour, commonly observed with increasing age, may be due to either decreases in the ability of aged skeletal muscle to rapidly generate tension or to a reduction in motor drive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392041
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscles within muscles: the neuromotor control of intra-muscular segments (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 78 (1998), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Functional differentiation ; Electromyography ; Deltoid ; Motor control ; Muscle function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this investigation was to anatomically identify, and then determine the function of, individual segments within the human deltoid muscle. The anatomical structure of the deltoid was determined through dissection and/or observation of the shoulder girdles of 11 male cadavers (aged 65–84 years). These results indicate that the deltoid consists of seven anatomical segments (D1–D7) based upon the distinctive arrangement of each segment's origin and insertion. Radiographic analysis of a cadaveric shoulder joint suggested that only the postero-medial segment D7 has a line of action directed below the shoulder joint's axis of rotation. The functional role of each individual segment was then determined utilising an electromyographic (EMG) technique. Seven miniature (1 mm active plate; 7 mm interelectrode distance) bipolar surface electrodes were positioned over the proximal portion of each segment's muscle belly in 18 male and female subjects (18–30 years). EMG waveforms were then recorded during the production of rapid isometric shoulder abduction and adduction force impulses with the shoulder joint in 40 degrees of abduction in the plane of the scapula. Each subject randomly performed 15 abduction and 15 adduction isometric force impulses following a short familiarisation period. All subjects received visual feed back on the duration and amplitude of each isometric force impulse produced via a visual force-time display which compared subject performance to a criterion force-time curve. Movement time was 400 ms (time-to-peak isometric force) at an intensity level of 50% maximal voluntary contraction. Temporal and intensity analyses of the EMG waveforms, as well as temporal analysis of the isometric force impulses, revealed the neuromotor control strategies utilised by the CNS to control the activity of each muscle segment. The results showed that segmental neuromotor control strategies differ across the breadth of the muscle and that individual segments of the deltoid can be identified as having either “prime mover”, “synergist”, “stabiliser” or “antagonist” functions; functional classifications normally associated with whole muscle function. Therefore, it was concluded that the CNS can “fine tune” the activity of at least six discrete segments within the human deltoid muscle to efficiently meet the demands of the imposed motor task.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050410
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