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  • Electronic Resource  (23)
  • Enteric nervous system  (12)
  • Autonomic nervous system  (5)
  • Ultrastructure  (5)
  • Cholecystokinin  (3)
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  • Electronic Resource  (23)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Branching patterns and projections of enteric neurons containing different putative transmitters
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 2 (1981), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Enteric nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Noradrenaline ; Somatostatin ; Substance P
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(81)90022-X
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the anatomy and amine histochemistry of the nerves and ganglia which supply the pelvic viscera and on the associated chromaffin tissue in the guinea-pig (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 140 (1973), S. 85-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Autonomic nervous system ; Adrenergic nerves ; Chromaffin cells ; Pelvic viscera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The organs of the lower abdominal and pelvic regions of the guinea-pig receive nerves from the inferior mesenteric ganglia and pelvic plexuses. The inferior mesenteric ganglia connect with the sympathetic chains, the superior mesenteric ganglia, the pelvic plexuses via the hypogastric nerves, and with the gut. Each pelvic plexus consists of anterior and posterior parts which send filaments to the internal generative organs and to the rectum, internal anal sphincter and other pelvic organs. The pelvic nerves enter the posterior plexuses, which also receive rami from the sacral sympathetic chains. The adrenergic neurons of the pelvic plexuses are monopolar, do not have dendrites and are supplied by few varicose adrenergic axons. Nearly all the nerves contain adrenergic fibres. After exposure to formaldehyde vapour the chromaffin cells appear brightly fluorescent with one or two long, often varicose, processes. Most of the chromaffin cells are in Zuckerkandl's organ or in chromaffin bodies associated with the inferior mesenteric ganglia. Groups of chromaffin cells are found along the hypogastric nerves and in the pelvic plexuses; they become smaller and fewer as regions more posterior to Zuckerkandl's organ are approached.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00520720
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ramifications of adrenergic nerve terminals in the rectum, anal sphincter and anal accessory muscles of the guinea-pig (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 140 (1973), S. 109-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Autonomic nervous system ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Adrenergic nerves ; Anal sphincter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anatomy and the adrenergic innervation of the rectum, internal anal sphincter and of accessory structures are described for the guinea-pig. The distribution of adrenergic nerves was examined using the fluorescence histochemical technique applied to both sections and whole mount preparations. The longitudinal and circular muscle of the rectum and the muscularis mucosae are all supplied by adrenergic nerve terminals. The density of the adrenergic innervation of the muscularis externa increases towards the anal sphincter. There is a very dense innervation of the internal anal sphincter, of the anal accessory muscles and of the corrugator ani. Non-fluorescent neurons in the ganglia of the myenteric plexus are supplied by adrenergic terminals. The ganglia become smaller and sparser towards the internal anal sphincter and non-ganglionated nerve strands containing adrenergic axons run from the plexus to the sphincter muscle. Adrenergic fibers innervate two interconnected ganglionated plexuses in the submucosa. Very few adrenergic nerve cells were found in the myenteric plexus and they were not found at all in the submucosa. The extrinsic arteries and veins of the pelvic region are heavily innervated by adrenergic nerves. Within the gut wall the arteries are densely innervated but there is little or no innervation of the veins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00520721
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereological and morphometric analysis of dermal fibroblasts before and after bone marrow transplantation in a case of mucopolysaccharidosis I Scheie phenotype (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mucopolysaccharidosis I Scheie phenotype ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Fibroblasts ; Stereologic analysis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been used therapeutically in several types of mucopoly-saccharidoses (MPS) and other inherited metabolic disorders. Fibroblasts are severely affected in MPS due to the intralysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. We report a stereological and morphometric study at light and electron microscopy levels of dermal fibroblasts before and 21 months after BMT in a young girl with MPS I Scheie phenotype (MPS I-S). Dermal fibroblasts showed remarkable morphological changes although their density, expressed as number of fibroblasts per unit volume of dermis (number density), was not modified in the post-BMT samples as compared to pre-BMT ones. Stereological and morphometric parameters referring to cell characteristics of post-BMT fibroblasts (nuclear and cell surface densities, and both nucleus/cell and cell/nucleus volume densities) showed significant differences when compared with pre-BMT fibroblasts, and non-significant differences regarding control cells. On the other hand, quantitative parameters of the lysosomal compartment from post-BMT fibroblasts showed intermediate values between pre-BMT and control fibroblasts. These results, at cellular level, are in agreement with previous biochemical and clinical results, and clearly showed a progressive course to a non-pathological state. All parameters estimated may be considered useful tools in evaluating the success of BMT. These parameters provide quantitative data which can be statistically compared, showing the changes due to the reduction of storage material after BMT. Cell/nucleus volume density is especially interesting since not only is it easy to estimate, even by automatic procedures, but it could also constitute a numerical expression of skin anatomopathological analyses performed post-BMT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454894
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone marrow transplant in a case of mucopolysaccharidosis I Scheie phenotype: skin ultrastructure before and after transplantation (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: MPS I-S ; Skin biopsy ; Ultrastructure ; Bone marrow transplant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An 11-year-old girl with mucopolysaccharidosis I Scheie phenotype (MPS I-S) received a bone marrow transplant (BMT) from her heterozygous HLA-identical LMC-non-reactive mother. Multidisciplinary studies were carried out and results evaluated 21 months after transplantation. Herein we report the ultrastructural findings pre-and post-BMT in skin. Multidisciplinary studies are commonly used to evaluate the benefits of metabolic correction following BMT in some MPS and other inherited metabolic disorders, and changes in morphology have been described in liver and few other tissues. In this case, we elected skin, since connective tissue is universally involved in MPS and is safely and easily obtainable. Comparison of skin biopsy specimens taken before and after BMT showed a considerable change in dermal fibroblast morphology, with marked reduction in cell size and the number and size of abnormal lysosomes, thus indicating the clearance of storage. Our results demonstrate that dermal cells respond to enzyme replacement therapy in MPS I-S, with the clearance of glycosaminoglycan lysosomal accumulation in connective tissue fibroblasts, which had near-normal morphology 21 months after BMT. Therefore, the practice of skin biopsy after BMT in MPS and other metabolic disorders in which dermal cells are involved should be encouraged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310920
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origins of the adrenergic fibres which innervate the internal anal sphincter, the rectum, and other tissues of the pelvic region in the guinea-pig (1973)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 140 (1973), S. 129-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Autonomic nervous system ; Adrenergic nerves ; Pelvic viscera ; Gastrointestinal tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adrenergic innervation of the pelvic viscera was examined by the fluorescence histochemical technique, applied to tissue from untreated guinea-pigs and from guinea-pigs in which nerve pathways had been interrupted at operation. It was found that adrenergic neurons in the inferior mesenteric ganglia give rise to axons which run in the colonic nerves and end in the myenteric and submucous plexuses and around the arteries of the distal colon. In the rectum, part of the innervation of the myenteric plexus and all of the innervation of the submucous plexus comes from the inferior mesenteric ganglia. The rest of the adrenergic innervation of the myenteric plexus comes from the posterior pelvic ganglia or the sacral sympathetic chains. The innervation of the blood vessels of the rectum is from the posterior pelvic ganglia. Adrenergic nerves run from the sacral sympathetic chains and pass via nerves accompanying the rectal arteries to the internal anal sphincter. Other adrenergic fibres to the internal anal sphincter either arise in, or pass through, the posterior pelvic plexuses. The anal accessory muscle is innervated by adrenergic axons arising in the posterior pelvic plexuses. Adrenergic nerves which run in the pudendal nerves, probably from the sacral sympathetic chains, innervate the erectile tissue of the penis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00520326
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that axons containing substance P in the guinea-pig ileum are of intrinsic origin (1979)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 307 (1979), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Substance P ; Intestine ; Autonomic nervous system ; Peptidergic nerves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acid extracts from both normal and extrinsically denervated ileum contained a compound which was indistinguishable from synthetic substance P; this compound was assayed by examining its contractile effect on the longitudinal muscle of segments of ileum in which receptors for acetylcholine and histamine were blocked. Contractions caused by the compound were markedly and selectively antagonized when the ileum was made insensitive to the action of substance P. The activities in the extract and of synthetic substance P were both destroyed by chymotrypsin but were not affected by trypsin or carboxypeptidase B. The concentrations of substance P-like material in normal and extrinsically denervated segments were not significantly different, being equivalent to 0.48 μg of substance P per g of external muscle plus myenteric plexus. A compound with substance P-like activity was liberated by stimulation of intramural nerves, either electrically or by dimethylphenylpiperazinium, in both normal and extrinsically denervated segments of ileum. The release of this compound was prevented by tetrodotoxin and its action on the muscle was blocked when the ileum was made insensitive to the action of substance P. Experiments with transmural stimulation showed that excitatory nerve pathways involving substance P neurons extend for less than 4 cm along the intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00506552
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substance P enteric neurons mediate non-colinergic transmission to the circular muscle of the guinea-pig intestine (1985)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 328 (1985), S. 446-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Substance P ; Enteric neurons ; Autonomic nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sites of action and possible roles of substance P in contracting the circular muscle of the guinea-pig ileum were studied using two analogues of substance P that act as antagonists of some of its actions. These ared-Arg1,d-Pro2,d-Trp7,9, Leu11-substance P andd-Pro2,d-Trp7,9-substance P, referred to by the single letter amino acid codes for the substituting amino acids as (RPWWL)-SP and (PWW)-SP, respectively. Records of circular muscle activity were taken from strips of intestine free of mucosa and submucosa and from rings with all layers of intestine intact. Substance P was equally effective in contracting the circular muscle strips as it was in contracting the longitudinal muscle. The contractions of strips were not blocked by hyoscine (2×10−6 M) or tetrodotoxin (6×10−7 M), but were substantially reduced by (RPWWL)-SP (6.7×10−6 M) or (PWW)-SP (2×10−5 M). In contrast, contractions of the circular muscle of whole rings of intestine elicited by low concentrations of substance P (4×10−7M) were blocked by hyoscine or tetrodotoxin but notreduced by the substance P antagonists in the concentrations referred to above. These observations indicate that the antagonists are effective at receptors for substance P on the muscle, but not at substance P receptors on enteric cholinergic nerves. Transmural stimulation of strips of circular muscle or of intestinal rings in the presence of hyoscine evoked contractions that were blocked by tetrodotoxin. These hyoscineresistant, nerve-mediated contractions could be elicited by single pulses in the strips. The contractions were reduced to less than 20% of original amplitude by (RPWWL)-SP (6.7×10−6M). Reflex contractions of the circular muscle recorded on the oral side of a distension stimulus had a low-threshold, hyoscine-sensitive and a high-threshold, hyoscine-insensitive, component. The low threshold component was unaffected by the substance P antagonists whereas the high threshold component was depressed. It is concluded that substance P nerves are effective in transmitting to the circular muscle, that they are final nerves in non-cholinergic excitatory reflexes, and that the substance P antagonist analogues can be used to distinguish actions of substance P at neural and muscle receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692914
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormalities of nerve fibers in the circular muscle of patients with slow transit constipation (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 13 (1998), S. 208-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words Slow transit constipation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enteric nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abnormalities of the enteric nervous system are thought to explain the pathophysiology of motility disorders. Our aim was to determine if particular classes of enteric neurons are affected in slow transit constipation (STC). Specimens were taken from the terminal ileum and ascending, transverse and descending colon of patients undergoing subtotal colectomy for STC. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antisera to neuron-specific enolase, tachykinin, leu-enkephalin, choline acetyltransferase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, nitric oxide synthase, tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y. The density of nerve fibres labelled with these antibodies in each layer was compared with age-matched controls. The density of nerve fibres with tachykinin and enkephalin immunoreactivity was reduced in the colonic circular muscle of the 15 patients with STC, whereas innervation of all other layers was normal. This reduction of tachykinin-immunoreactive nerve fibres also occurred in nine of the 12 specimens of terminal ileum examined. No difference was detected in the density or distribution of nerve fibres using the other antisera. Excitatory nerve fibres are present in the circular muscle in STC but they are deficient in tachykinins and enkephalin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050163
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calretinin immunoreactivity in cholinergic motor neurones, interneurones and vasomotor neurones in the guinea-pig small intestine (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 471-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calretinin ; Enteric nervous system ; Calcium binding protein ; Small intestine ; Cholinergic neurons ; Myenteric plexus ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactivity for calretinin, a calcium-binding protein, was studied in neurones in the guinea-pig small intestine. 26±1% of myenteric neurones and 12±3% of submucous neurones were immunoreactive for calretinin. All calretinin-immunoreactive neurones were also immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase and hence are likely to be cholinergic. In the myenteric plexus, two subtypes of Dogiel type-I calretinin-immunoreactive neurones could be distinguished from their projections and neurochemical coding. Some calretinin-immunoreactive myenteric neurones had short projections to the tertiary plexus, and hence are likely to be cholinergic motor neurones to the longitudinal muscle. Some of these cells were also immunoreactive for substance P. The remaining myenteric neurones, immunoreactive for calretinin, enkephalin, neurofilament protein triplet and substance P, are likely to be orad-projecting, cholinergic interneurones. Calretinin immunoreactivity was also found in cholinergic neurones in the submucosa, which project to the submucosal vasculature and mucosal glands, and which are likely to mediate vasodilation. Thus, calretinin immunoreactivity in the guinea-pig small intestine is confined to three functional classes of cholinergic neurones. It is possible, for the first time, to distinguish these classes of cells from other enteric neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327280
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