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  • Electronic Resource  (39)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (39)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model for the interaction of amphiphilic helices with troponin C and calmodulin (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 7 (1990), S. 234-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: computer modelling ; Ca2+-binding proteins ; hydrophobic binding interactions ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Crystals of troponin are stabilized by an intermolecular interaction that involves the packing of helix A from the N-terminal domain of one molecule onto the exposed hydrophobic cleft of the C-terminal domain of a symmetry related molecules. Analysis of this molecular recognition interaction in troponin C suggests a possible mode for the binding of amphiphilic helical molecules to troponin C and to calmodulin. From the template provided by this troponin C packing, it has been possible to build a model of the contact region of mastoporan as it might be bound to the two Ca2+ binding proteins. A possible binding mode of melittin to calmodulin is also proposed. Although some of the characteristics of binding are similar for the two amphiphilic peptides, the increased length of melittin requires a significant bend in the calmodulin central helix similar to that suggested recently for the myosin light chain kinase calmodulin binding peptide (Persechini and Kretsinger: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 12:501-512, 1988). Not only are the hydrophobic interactions important in this model, but there are several favorable electrostatic interactions that are predicted as a result of the molecular modeling. The regions of troponin-C and calmodulin to which amphiphilic helices bind are similar to the regions to which the neuroleptic drugs such as trifluoperazine have been predicted to bind (Strynadka and James: Proteins 3:1-17, 1988).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340070305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homology model for the human GSTT2 theta class glutathione transferase (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 27 (1997), S. 118-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: homology modeling ; glutathione transferases ; theta class GSTs ; glutathione ; menaphthyl sulfate ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A tertiary model of the human GSTT2 Theta class glutathione transferase is presented based on the recently solved crystal structure of a related thetalike isoenzyme from Lucilia cuprina. Although the N-terminal domains are quite homologous, the C-terminal domains share less than about 20% identity. The model is used to consolidate the role of Ser 11 in the active site of the enzyme as well as to identify other residues and mechanisms of likely catalytic importance. The T2 subfamily of theta class enzymes have been shown to inactivate reactive sulfate esters arising from arylmethanols. A possible reaction pathway involving the conjugation of glutathione with one such sulfate ester, 1-menaphthyl-sulfate, is described. It is also proposed that the C-terminal region of the enzyme plays an important role in allowing substrate access to the active site. Proteins 27:118-130 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two trifluoperazine-binding sites on calmodulin predicted from comparative molecular modeling with troponin-C (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 3 (1988), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: computer modeling ; trifluoperazine ; conformational change ; calcium binding proteins ; hydrophobic binding interactions ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Among the known regulatory proteins that are conformationally sensitive to the binding of calcium ions, calmodulin and troponin-C have the greatest primary sequence homology. This observation has led to the conclusion that the most accurate predicted molecular model of calmodulin would be based on the X-ray crystallographic coordinates of the highly refined structure of turkey skeletal troponin-C. This paper describes the structure of calmodulin built from such a premise. The resulting molecular model was subjected to conjugate gradient energy minimization to remove unacceptable intramolecular non-bonded contacts. In the analysis of the resulting structure, many features of calmodulin, including the detailed conformation of the Ca2+-binding loops, the amino- and carboxy-terminal hydrophobic patches of the Ca2+-bound form, and the several clusters of acidic residues can be reconciled with much of the previously published solution data. Calmodulin in missing the N-terminal helix characteristic of troponin-C. The deletion of three residues from the central helical linker (denoted D/E in troponin-D) shortens the molecule and changes the orientation of the two domains of calmodulin by 60° relative to those in troponin-C. The molecular model has been used to derive two possible binding sites for the antipsychotic drug trifluoperazine, a potent competitive inhibitor of calmodulin activity.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340030102
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method of automatic pH control of a bicarbonate-CO2 buffer system for the submerged culture of hamster kidney cells (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The equipment and operational techniques are described which were found suitable to control pH in the range 6.8-7.8 pH, within ±0.03 pH units of the desired value, at cell concentrations up to a maximum of 2.5 × 106/ml. The results of batch growth of a suspension strain of the BHK cell (clone 13) under conditions of controlled pH are given and the significance of these results is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060204
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature effects on ethanol and isopropanol utilization by Candida krusei (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Candida Krusei has a optimum growth temperature of 37°C on SASOL ethanol-isopropanol mixture. The organism was unable to grow on isopropanol, but oxidized it partially to acetone in the presence and absence of ethanol. Growth at 40°C in the alcohol mixture was slightly faster than at 30°C over an ethanol concentration range of 0.43 to 3.6% (v/v), although at both temperatures the growth rate declined continuously with increasing concentration. At an ethanol concentration greater than 3.6% (v/v), the mixture was much more inhibitory to growth at 40 and 30°C. The inhibitory effect was due to the ethanol rather than the isopropanol. Metabolites such as acetate, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate accumulated in the medium, but the degree of accumulation depended upon the temperature and alcohol mixture concentration. At 40°C, acetaldehyde and acetate accumulated to a greater extent than 30°C on a 4.0% (v/v) synthetic alcohol mixture and this may also cause the greater inhibition at this temperature. The alcohol mixture is unsuitable for single cell protein (SCP) production in batch culture because of the low cell densities observed at all alcohol concentrations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assay of the high-alkaline proteinase from alkalophilic bacillus PB92 using a chromogenic tripeptide substrate (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 1717-1720 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The chromogenic tripeptide substrate, benzyloxycarbonylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-citrulline p-nitroanilide, is proposed for the assay of the high-alkaline proteinase, HAP-PB92, from an alkalophilic Bacillus. The assay method is sensitive, reproducible, and may be adapted for an automatic system.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260271213
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mammalian cell damage in a novel membrane bioreactor (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 43 (1994), S. 899-906 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: membrane bioreactor ; mammalian cell damage ; critical shear rate ; power dissipation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The experimental study has assessed a novel membrane bioreactor for mammalian cell culture. In the absence of a gas phase, the key features of cell damage associated with laminar and turbulent flow have been identified. The bioreactor employs a dimpled membrane in order to enhance transverse mixing in a narrow channel, but a fall in viable cell density has been observed at Reynolds numbers above Re = 83. In the laminar flow regime wall shear is the critical mechanism and an accurate calculation of shear rate in a complex channel has been achieved using the Reynolds analogy. Flow generating a wall shear rate in excess of 3000 s-1 has been shown to cause damage. Power dissipation measurements have been used to distinguish between laminar and turbulent flow and also to predict Kolmogorov eddy lengths. An additional turbulent bulk stress damage mechanism at higher Reynolds numbers (Re 〉 250) results in a very rapid fall in viable cell density.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260430909
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical observations in microbiological processes. Growth of Thiobacillus Thiooxidans. II (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 7 (1965), S. 491-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The electrochemical activity of the individual chemicals in the nutrient medium for growth of Thiobacillus thiooxidans was studied along with the effect of the gases in equilibrium with their solutions. Several chemicals were active individually; however, the magnitudes, as measured by changes in half-cell potential, were less than that observed when T. thiooxidans was present in their composite mixture. Sterilized Skerman's mineral salts and the American Type Culture Collection (without ferrous sulfate) media were not sensitive electrochemically to changes from pure oxygen to nitrogen atmospheres. When T. thiooxidans was present in these media, the biological half-cell emf became sensitive to changes in the oxygen content of the atmosphere in equilibrium with the organism and nutrient. The ability of T. thiooxidans to make an electrochemical contribution, as registered by a platinum electrode, is substantiated further by these investigations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260070405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteolytic components of alkaline proteases of Bacillus strains. Zymograms and electrophoretic isolation (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 685-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Characterization of proteolytic activity in preparations or fermentation broth is accomplished by methods based on a combination of disc electrophoresis and visualization of the activity. The methods permit a direct, comparison with reference preparations. All alkaline proteases studied, including the three subtilisins, were found to consist of several proteolytic components. The zymograms of the subtilisin type preparations show an irregular pattern. At least 14 different components may be observed, belonging to 6 types of mobility pattern, 3 of which could be assigned to the subtilisins. None of the components belongs to the group of metalloproteases. A quite regular pattern is shown by the zymogram of protease preparations produced by the alkalophilic Bacillus strains.A few of the components of the subtilisin preparations Maxatase and protease A were isolated by preparative disc electrophoresis and by disc electrofococusing, allowing a further characterization. Special attention was directed to the determination of properties specific for the application of subtilisins as additives in household detergents. Thermostability in sodium tripolyhosphate solution was found to range from about 10% for one of the minor components to 80% for the main component of Maxatase. Three types of curves representing the effect of pH on the activity were observed. The curve of the main component of Maxatase shows a characteristic shape with a maximum at pH 10.3: with other components lower pH optima were observed. Isoelectric points of the component were found to range from pH 7 to 10.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260140502
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and immunogenicity of foot-and-mouth disease virus in baby hamster kidney cells adapted to and continuously grown in a serum-free chemically defined media (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 765-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in baby hamster kidney (BHK) suspension cells grown in serum-free media for subsequent use in vaccines was attempted because of the limited availability of serum in quantities sufficient for propagation of large amounts of cells, as well as the possible presence of mycoplasma, viral contaminants, and interfering antibodies in sera. Suspension cultures (50 to 600 ml) of BHK-21 cells adapted to and continually passed in a glutamine-free autoclavable, chemically defined medium (BHK-S system) were infected with all seven types of FMD virus. Cells were infected at multiplicities of infection (MOI) ranging from 10-1 to 10-7 plaque-forming units per cell (PFU/cell). The time course of infectious virus release and the amount of complement-fixing (CF) antigen produced were then followed. Peak harvest infectivities of approximately 108.5 PFU/ml were obtained from 12 to 24 hr after inoculation, depending on input MOI, and were apparently independent of cell concentration over the range 1.5 to 4.0 million cells/ml; the CF endpoint dilutions increased from 1:12 at the lower cell concentrations to 1:48 at the highest cell concentration. Monovalent and trivalent vaccines have been produced using viruses from the BHK-S system, inactivated with acetylethyleneimine and emulsified in oil, and the results of tests in steers and guinea pigs are presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260170511
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