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  • Electronic Resource  (2)
  • Bipolaris  (1)
  • Epithelialer Na+-Kanal  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mukoviszidose ; Zystische Fibrose ; Menschliches Nasalepithel ; Epithelialer Na+-Kanal ; Cl ; -Sekretion ; Key words Cystic fibrosis ; Human nasal epithelium ; Epithelial Na+ channels ; Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ; Cl ; secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most commonly inherited disease in Caucasians and is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding a membrane transport protein. This cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is thought to be an apical Cl– channel activated by intracellular cAMP. Most recent findings suggest that CFTR is more than a pure Cl– channel and might be involved in the regulation of other transport systems. In the present study we show that CFTR as a Cl– channel plays only a minor role in primary cultured human nasal epithelium derived from non-CF and CF patients. These findings are especially of interest for non-CF human nasal epithelia in which CFTR is correctly inserted. In both tissues Cl– secretion is negligible as compared with Na+ absorption. We confirm and expand our previous observations that Na+ absorption in human nasal epithelium is the dominant ion transport process and that Cl– secretion is detectable in both CF and non-CF tissue. Moreover, we show that cAMP and ATP were not able to stimulate any silent Cl– channels in CF or non-CF human nasal epithelial cells. We further give evidence that in human nasal CF and non-CF epithelium Na+ absorption is mediated by epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC) that are either different from those of other epithelia or which exhibit altered regulation. These differences between Na+ channels of human nasal epithelium and ”classical” epithelial Na+ channels include lack of activation by the intracellular second messenger cAMP and the steroid hormone aldosterone. We show further that human nasal Na+ channels are inhibited by Cl–-channel blockers and exhibit a different pharmacology towards common Na+ channel blockers.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mukoviszidose [zystische Fibrose (CF)] ist die häufigste Erbkrankheit in der kaukasischen Bevölkerung. Sie wird hervorgerufen durch Mutation eines Gens, welches für ein membranständiges Transportprotein kodiert, den „cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator” (CFTR). Dieser CFTR ist in der apikalen Membran von Epithelzellen lokalisiert und fungiert dort als cAMP-aktivierbarer Cl–-Kanal. Neuere Untersuchungen haben ergeben, daß der CFTR mehr als ein normaler Cl–-Kanal ist und wahrscheinlich in die Regulation einer Reihe weiterer Transportsysteme involviert ist. In dieser Studie zeigen wir, daß der CFTR in seiner Rolle als Cl–-Kanal nur eine untergeordnete Rolle in primärkultivierten menschlichen Nasenepithelzellen von CF- und Nicht-CF-Patienten spielt. Dieses Ergebnis ist besonders für das Nasenepithel von Nicht-CF-Patienten erstaunlich, da hier der CFTR korrekt eingebaut wird. In beiden Geweben spielt also eine Cl–-Sekretion verglichen mit der Na+-Absorption eine vergleichsweise geringe Rolle. Wir bestätigen mit dieser Untersuchung unsere früheren Beobachtungen, daß im menschlichen Nasenepithel Na+-Absorption der dominierende Ionentransportprozeß ist und eine Cl–-Sekretion weder in CF- noch in Nicht- CF-Geweben in relevantem Maße vorhanden ist. Zudem zeigen wir, daß weder cAMP noch ATP irgendeine Cl–-Sekretion in CF- oder Nicht-CF-Nasenepithelzellen stimulieren können. Desweiteren ergaben sich Hinweise darauf, daß sich die epithelialen Na+-Kanäle (ENaC) im Nasenepithel, welche für einen Teil der Na+-Absorption zuständig sind, von den epithelialen Na+-Kanälen in anderen Geweben unterscheiden. Diese Unterschiede zwischen den Na+-Kanälen im menschlichen Nasenepithel und den „klassischen” epithelialen Na+-Kanälen bestehen einerseits in ihrer fehlenden Aktivierbarkeit durch den intrazellulären Botenstoff cAMP und das Steroidhormon Aldosteron. Wir zeigen weiterhin, daß menschliche nasale Na+-Kanäle durch Cl–-Kanal-Blocker gehemmt werden können und eine andere Pharmakologie auf gebräuchliche Na+-Kanal-Blocker aufweisen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 256 (1999), S. 330-334 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Mycotic polypoid pansinusitis ; Bipolaris ; (Drechslera) hawaiiensis ; Infection ; Endoscopic ; microsurgical pansinus surgery ; Antimycotic therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Depending on the aggressiveness of the pathogen and a patient’s immunocompetence, fungal polypoid pansinusitis or allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) may be a life-threatening disease. Apart from the clinical findings, its diagnosis is based on the demonstration of mucinous material with abundant eosinophils in the paranasal sinuses (indicating an allergic process), cultivation of the causative pathogen and immunocompetence of the patient. In a 20-year-old immigrant Sudanese woman, AFS due to Bipolaris (Drechslera) hawaiiensis was diagnosed. Because of intracranial extension, the disease had led to erosion of the cranial base and orbit with amaurosis on the right side and focal epilepsy. In addition to endonasal microsurgical pansinus operations, local irrigation therapy with amphothericin B was accompanied by systemic treatment with itraconazole after in vitro cultivation of the pathogen and determination of its sensitivities. Interdisciplinary management included a combination of endonasal surgery with debridement of infected tissues and wide drainage of the sinuses without removal of skull bone or the dural lesion in addition to specific antimycotic treatment. Injury to adjacent anatomical structures must be avoided in any case to prevent systemic or possibly lethal dissemination of infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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