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  • Electronic Resource  (6)
  • Depression  (3)
  • Mammary carcinoma  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Psychiatry Research 15 (1985), S. 351-360 
    ISSN: 0165-1781
    Keywords: Depression ; dexamethasone pharmacokinetics ; dexamethasone suppression test ; weight loss
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Antineoplastic efficacy ; Melphalan ; Diazoxide ; Insulin ; Mammary carcinoma ; Sprague-Dawley rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anticancer activity of melphalan andN-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl-ω-lysine (CNC-ω-Lys), was compared in the autochthonous, methylnitrosourea-induced mammary carcinoma of the Sprague-Dawley rat. In addition, the influence on the therapeutic efficacy of the combination with diazoxide, causing a mild, reversible diabetes, and with insulin was investigated. The comparison of melphalan and CNC-ω-Lys clearly showed the superiority of melphalan. Both compounds displayed a significant tumour inhibition in their medium and the highest dosages in comparison to the untreated control. The combination with diazoxide resulted for almost all groups in an increased tumour inhibition. Only the lowest dose of CNC-ω-Lys + diazoxide did not reduce the tumour volume significantly versus the control group. The combination with insulin, however, resulted in a loss of tumour inhibition compared to the effect of the cytotoxic drug alone, although in these groups, too, a significant decrease of tumour volumes versus controls could be observed. Mortality was within tolerable limits (〈20%) through the treatment period for all experimental groups. Median lifespans were increased in all therapy groups, but no additional benefit could be observed in the combination treatment groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 538-549 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Androgen-linked alkylating agents ; Methylnitrosourea ; Mammary carcinoma ; Anticancer activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This article gives a comprehensive survey on the anticancer activity of nitrosoureas linked to steroidal androgens in methylnitrosourea (MMU)-induced rat mammary carcinoma. cis-Androsterone, testosterone, 19-nortestosterone and 5-α-dihydrotestosterone were used as carrier hormones and were linked to various cytotoxic N-[N′-(2-chloroethyl)-N′-nitrosocarbamoyl] (CNC)-aminoacids and to N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N′-(2-chloroethyl)-N′-nitrosourea hemisuccinate (HECNU-hemisuccinate). In the MNU-model used esters of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) invariably were more active and less toxic than those of testosterone, nortestosterone and cis-androsterone. Within the DHT esters of CNC-aminoacids those of CNC-glycine, CNC-methionine and CNC-alanine showed the highest antineoplastic activities and superiority compared with equimolar dosages of their unlinked mixtures. Additionally, CNC-alanine-DHT ester had the highest therapeutic ratio of all agents investigated. HECNU-hemisuccinate-DHT ester, on the other hand, achieved even higher antitumor activity at the optimal dose but had a narrower therapeutic ratio. No obvious correlation between antineoplastic efficacy and receptor binding affinity could be demonstrated, but, to be active, a conjugate apparently had to have some receptor binding affinity for both androgen and progesterone receptors. The results obtained indicate that linking antineoplastic agents to transport molecules with affinity to steroid receptors is a highly promising approach to obtain drugs with specific activity in steroid receptor containing tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Vitamins A, E ; Semisynthetic fatty diet ; Methylnitrosourea ; Mammary carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prolonged supplementation of vitamins A and E (2500 IU and 11.3 IU/rat daily) in 10.3% and 21.6% fatty diets administered to methylnitrosourea-induced Sprague-Dawley rats caused alterations in plasma and liver levels of both vitamins as well as of the total lipids. Liver vitamin A levels increased steadily (more than four-fold) until termination of the experiment, whereas plasma vitamin A levels only showed a minor increase at the end of the study in comparison to rats fed a standard diet. Liver vitamin E levels initially showed no difference from those of rats treated with a standard diet, and were decreased at the end of the experiment, whereas the respective plasma levels were increased throughout the study, only showing a decrease relative to initial values at termination of the experiment. Plasma total lipids increased with age and following supplementation of the vitamins in the high-fat diet, whereas liver total lipids were influenced less by aging than by the fat and vitamin contents of the respective diets. The observed alterations were, however, not related to significant chemopreventive activity of the vitamins A and E contained in high-fat diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Chronisches Müdigkeitssyndrom ; Depression ; Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie ; Übersichtsarbeit ; Key words Chronic fatigue syndrome ; Depression ; Cognitive behavioral therapy ; Review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This article reviews the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), a disorder whose etiology is unknown. The diagnostic criteria proposed in 1994 by the CDC and the International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group are introduced. In contrast to widespread belief, there are no laboratory tests available to underpin the diagnosis of CFS; the diagnosis is made solely on the basis of clinical criteria. In the differential diagnosis, the exclusion of other conditions that can cause chronic fatigue, such as neuropsychiatric or sleep disorders, is of critical importance. In this context, the question as to whether CFS is a clinical entity that can be differentiated from psychiatric diagnoses, such as depression, somatoform disorder, or neurasthenia, is discussed. At the moment, there is no specific therapy for CFS. Therefore, therapeutic approaches are limited to symptomatic management of the concomitant sleep disturbances, pain, or psychiatric symptoms, such as depression. Patients may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, as this may help then to identify and exclude factors contributing to and maintaining chronic fatigue. An integrated medical and psychological approach should be adopted, with the aim of preventing significant secondary negative results of the illness, such as interpersonal conflicts or chronic disability.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das „Chronische Müdigkeitssyndrom“ (CFS) ist eine Erkrankung, deren Pathogenese bis heute nicht geklärt ist. Diese Übersichtsarbeit stellt die neuesten diagnostischen Kriterien vor, die 1994 von den „Centers of Disease Control“ und der „International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group“ erarbeitet wurden. Im Gegensatz zu einer weitverbreiteten Meinung gibt es keine objektivierbaren Parameter, die die Diagnose eines CFS stützen oder sichern könnten. Die Diagnose wird nach rein klinisch-deskriptiven Kriterien gestellt. Dem Ausschluß anderer Erkrankungen, die zu chronischer Müdigkeit führen können, kommt im Rahmen der Diagnostik eine zentrale Bedeutung zu, wobei die Differentialdiagnose zu neuropsychiatrischen Erkrankungen einschließlich Schlafstörungen am wichtigsten ist. In diesem Zusammenhang wird diskutiert, ob das CFS eine Krankheitsentität darstellt oder in psychiatrischen Diagnosen, wie z. B. Depression, somatoformen Störungen oder Neurasthenie, aufgeht. Eine spezifische Therapie des CFS steht bisher nicht zur Verfügung. Medikamentöse Maßnahmen beschränken sich daher auf eine symptomatische Therapie z. B. von Schlafstörungen, Schmerzen und psychischen Begleitsymptomen. An einem CFS leidende Patienten können auch von einem verhaltensmedizinisch orientierten Vorgehen profitieren, das Faktoren aufdeckt und bearbeitet, welche die Symptomatik des CFS verschlimmern oder aufrechterhalten. Ziel aller therapeutischen Bemühungen ist es dabei, negativen Folgen der chronischen Erkrankung, wie z. B. interpersonellen Konflikten, sozialem Rückzug oder Arbeitslosigkeit, vorzubeugen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 758-761 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Substanz P ; Depression ; Angsterkrankungen ; Neurokinin-1-Rezeptor ; Keywords Substance P ; Depressive disorder ; Anxiety disorders ; Neurokinin-1-receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Preclinical investigations suggest that the neuropeptide substance P might be involved in the etiopathology of pain, depression, and anxiety. In a recent study, the substance P receptor antagonist MK-869 showed antidepressant and anxiolytic activity in depressed outpatients which was comparable to a standard SSRI. The MK-869 was well tolerated. Although these findings are promising, further studies are necessary to prove the hypothesis that substance P receptor antagonists represent a new class of antidepressants or anxiolytics. Respective studies are currently underway.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Präklinische Untersuchungen legen nahe, dass das Neuropeptid Substanz P an der Pathogenese von Schmerzsyndromen, affektiven Erkrankungen und Angstsyndromen beteiligt sein könnte. In einer kürzlich publizierten Studie wurde ein antidepressiver und anxiolytischer Effekt des Substanz P-Rezeptor-Antagonisten MK-869 bei depressiven Patienten gezeigt. MK-869 zeichnete sich dabei nicht nur durch seine vergleichbare Wirkung zu einem selektiven Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer aus, sondern auch durch eine sehr gute Verträglichkeit. Obwohl diese Befunde vielversprechend sind, kann gegenwärtig aufgrund der eingeschränkten Datenlage die Bedeutung von Substanz P-Rezeptor-Antagonisten für die Behandlung von Depression und Angst nicht abgeschätzt werden. Weitere klinische und präklinische Studien sind notwendig, um die Beobachtungen zu erhärten. Entsprechende Studien werden gegenwärtig durchgeführt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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