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  • Electronic Resource  (6)
  • Diabetes mellitus  (3)
  • Mammary carcinoma  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of insulin concentration, subcutaneous fat thickness and skin temperature on subcutaneous insulin absorption in healthy subjects (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 377-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; pharmacokinetics ; insulin absorption ; metabolic control ; skin temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Subcutaneous insulin absorption kinetics were assessed in 50 healthy study subjects (21 female, 29 male; age 26±3 years, BMI 22.5±1.8 kg/m2; mean±SD) during 45 min after periumbilical injection of soluble human U40- or U100-insulin (0.15 IU/kg). Subcutaneous fat thickness was measured by ultrasound, and skin temperature at the injection site was registered. Serum insulin concentrations increased within 30 min from basal values of 37±15 to 140±46 pmol/l after U40-insulin and from 36±10 to 116±37 pmol/l after U100-insulin (p〈0.001). After 45 min serum insulin concentrations were 164±43 pmol/l with U40-insulin and 128±35 pmol/l with U100-insulin (p〈0.001). Decline in blood glucose levels and suppression of C-peptide were comparable. The serum insulin levels reached 30 and 45 min after U40- and U100-insulin injection were positively correlated with skin temperature (p〈0.0008), and negatively correlated with subcutaneous fat thickness (p〈0.009). In conclusion, the lower insulin concentration of U40-insulin, higher skin temperature, and a thinner subcutaneous fat tissue at the injection site are associated with accelerated and enhanced subcutaneous insulin absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408474
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pregnancies in women with diabetic nephropathy: long-term outcome for mother and child (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 227-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; nephropathy ; pregnancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to improve the basis upon which to advise women with diabetic nephropathy about pregnancy, we studied the effect of diabetic nephropathy on the course of pregnancy, perinatal out-come, infant development and long-term outcome of the mothers. All pregnancies of women with diabetic nephropathy (defined as proteinuria 〉400 mg/day (n=26), creatinine clearance 〈80 ml/min and hypertension in the first trimester (n=10)) followed at our centre from 1982 to 1992 were identified (34 White class F and 2 White class T) and the women and their children re-examined in the spring 1993. From the first to the third trimester the percentage of women with proteinuria over 3 g/day increased from 14 to 53% and those treated with anti-hypertensive medication from 53 to 97%. There were no intrauterine or perinatal deaths, but one child died suddenly 4 weeks postpartum. Of 36 new-borns (gestational week at birth 36(3), birth weight 2384(834) g)), 11 were born before week 34 and 8 had respiratory distress syndrome. Renal function in the first trimester, diastolic blood pressure in the third trimester and an HbA1c above normal were predictive of gestational age at delivery and low birth weight (stepwise regression analysis). At follow-up of the children (n=35, age 4.5 (0.4–10) years) the majority (n=27) were normally developed but seven had psychomotor retardation (four of them major). One child had a severe motor retardation due to a congenital anomaly. At follow up, 21 of the 29 mothers had preserved renal function (creatinine 1.3 (0.8–4.3) mg/dl and 8 had developed end stage renal disease and required dialysis (2 of whom were White class T) within 3 (1–9) years postpartum. Of those, 4 women (3 White F and 1 White T) had died. Pregnancy did not seem to specifically accelerate the rate of decline of renal function. In women with diabetic nephropathy perinatal mortality can be prevented but perinatal and long-term infant morbidity remains elevated. Women with severely impaired renal function before pregnancy are at risk for serious morbidity when their children are still young. Improvement might be made if all women were to receive specialized care and counselling before, throughout and after pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400099
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human insulin: much ado about hypoglycaemia (un)awareness (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 829-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; human insulin ; hypoglycaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The biological effects, hypoglycaemic symptoms, endocrine counterregulatory responses and glucose recovery following the injection of purified porcine and human insulin preparations were compared in a number of controlled clinical investigations and prospective clinical trials. In these studies involving healthy volunteers, Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or intensified conventional insulin therapy and insulin treated Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, no differences with regard to biological effects, counterregulatory responses, hypoglycaemic awareness or the long-term incidence of severe hypoglycaemia between porcine and human insulin preparations were identified. These data fail to confirm any specific risk of severe hypoglycaemia attributable to the use of human insulin preparations in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274789
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antineoplastic efficacy of melphalan andN-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl-ω-lysine, in combination with diazoxide or insulin in autochthonous mammary carcinoma of the Sprague-Dawley rat (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Antineoplastic efficacy ; Melphalan ; Diazoxide ; Insulin ; Mammary carcinoma ; Sprague-Dawley rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anticancer activity of melphalan andN-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl-ω-lysine (CNC-ω-Lys), was compared in the autochthonous, methylnitrosourea-induced mammary carcinoma of the Sprague-Dawley rat. In addition, the influence on the therapeutic efficacy of the combination with diazoxide, causing a mild, reversible diabetes, and with insulin was investigated. The comparison of melphalan and CNC-ω-Lys clearly showed the superiority of melphalan. Both compounds displayed a significant tumour inhibition in their medium and the highest dosages in comparison to the untreated control. The combination with diazoxide resulted for almost all groups in an increased tumour inhibition. Only the lowest dose of CNC-ω-Lys + diazoxide did not reduce the tumour volume significantly versus the control group. The combination with insulin, however, resulted in a loss of tumour inhibition compared to the effect of the cytotoxic drug alone, although in these groups, too, a significant decrease of tumour volumes versus controls could be observed. Mortality was within tolerable limits (〈20%) through the treatment period for all experimental groups. Median lifespans were increased in all therapy groups, but no additional benefit could be observed in the combination treatment groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01612639
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential relationship of vitamin A and E levels in methylnitrosourea-induced Sprague-Dawley rats following prolonged feeding of fatty diets enriched with the vitamins (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 470-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Vitamins A, E ; Semisynthetic fatty diet ; Methylnitrosourea ; Mammary carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prolonged supplementation of vitamins A and E (2500 IU and 11.3 IU/rat daily) in 10.3% and 21.6% fatty diets administered to methylnitrosourea-induced Sprague-Dawley rats caused alterations in plasma and liver levels of both vitamins as well as of the total lipids. Liver vitamin A levels increased steadily (more than four-fold) until termination of the experiment, whereas plasma vitamin A levels only showed a minor increase at the end of the study in comparison to rats fed a standard diet. Liver vitamin E levels initially showed no difference from those of rats treated with a standard diet, and were decreased at the end of the experiment, whereas the respective plasma levels were increased throughout the study, only showing a decrease relative to initial values at termination of the experiment. Plasma total lipids increased with age and following supplementation of the vitamins in the high-fat diet, whereas liver total lipids were influenced less by aging than by the fat and vitamin contents of the respective diets. The observed alterations were, however, not related to significant chemopreventive activity of the vitamins A and E contained in high-fat diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01612996
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Androgen-linked alkylating agents: biological activity in methylnitrosourea-induced rat mammary carcinoma (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 116 (1990), S. 538-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Androgen-linked alkylating agents ; Methylnitrosourea ; Mammary carcinoma ; Anticancer activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This article gives a comprehensive survey on the anticancer activity of nitrosoureas linked to steroidal androgens in methylnitrosourea (MMU)-induced rat mammary carcinoma. cis-Androsterone, testosterone, 19-nortestosterone and 5-α-dihydrotestosterone were used as carrier hormones and were linked to various cytotoxic N-[N′-(2-chloroethyl)-N′-nitrosocarbamoyl] (CNC)-aminoacids and to N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N′-(2-chloroethyl)-N′-nitrosourea hemisuccinate (HECNU-hemisuccinate). In the MNU-model used esters of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) invariably were more active and less toxic than those of testosterone, nortestosterone and cis-androsterone. Within the DHT esters of CNC-aminoacids those of CNC-glycine, CNC-methionine and CNC-alanine showed the highest antineoplastic activities and superiority compared with equimolar dosages of their unlinked mixtures. Additionally, CNC-alanine-DHT ester had the highest therapeutic ratio of all agents investigated. HECNU-hemisuccinate-DHT ester, on the other hand, achieved even higher antitumor activity at the optimal dose but had a narrower therapeutic ratio. No obvious correlation between antineoplastic efficacy and receptor binding affinity could be demonstrated, but, to be active, a conjugate apparently had to have some receptor binding affinity for both androgen and progesterone receptors. The results obtained indicate that linking antineoplastic agents to transport molecules with affinity to steroid receptors is a highly promising approach to obtain drugs with specific activity in steroid receptor containing tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637072
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