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  • Electronic Resource  (19)
  • Substance P  (9)
  • Neuropeptides  (8)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Branching patterns and projections of enteric neurons containing different putative transmitters
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 2 (1981), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Enteric nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Noradrenaline ; Somatostatin ; Substance P
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(81)90022-X
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distributions and coexistence of peptides in nerve fibres of large bowel affected by Hirschsprung's disease (1991)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 6 (1991), S. 322-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Coexistence ; Hirschsprung's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distributions of nerve fibres immunoreactive for the peptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), enkephalin (ENK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were studied in healthy colon and samples of ganglionic and aganglionic colon from cases of proven Hirschsprung's disease. Studies of coexistence of reactivities in nerve fibres were performed to predict the possible origins of fibres that are found in the aganglionic bowel, e. g., from sensory or sympathetic ganglia. The muscularis externa of the ganglionic colon contained many nerve fibres immunoreactive for ENK, SP, and VIP, fewer for NPY, and only rare fibres reactive for CGRP, SOM, or TH. In ganglionic colon reactivities for SP and ENK coexisted in nerve fibres in the muscularis externa but in aganglionic colon no ENK immunoreactivity was found and most SP fibres were double-labelled with CGRP reactivity, indicating their probable sensory nature. Abnormally increased numbers of somatostatin-reactive fibres and noradrenergic fibres (marked by TH) were noted in the external muscle, but no coexistence was seen between these reactivities and only a small proportion of the noradrenergic fibres in the muscle showed NPY reactivity although almost all around blood vessels did. Many fibres in the diseased segment had coexistence of NPY and VIP reactivities; these may arise from more orally located intrinsic cell bodies or from pelvic parasympathetic ganglia. In the mucosa of aganglionic colon there was a striking lack of SP-reactive fibres while other fibre types were often normal in number. It is concluded that nerve fibres from sensory ganglia, sympathetic ganglia, nerve cells located more oral in the ganglionated part, and possibly from pelvic parasympathetic ganglia invade the aganglionic bowel in Hirschsprung's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178648
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that axons containing substance P in the guinea-pig ileum are of intrinsic origin (1979)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 307 (1979), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Substance P ; Intestine ; Autonomic nervous system ; Peptidergic nerves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acid extracts from both normal and extrinsically denervated ileum contained a compound which was indistinguishable from synthetic substance P; this compound was assayed by examining its contractile effect on the longitudinal muscle of segments of ileum in which receptors for acetylcholine and histamine were blocked. Contractions caused by the compound were markedly and selectively antagonized when the ileum was made insensitive to the action of substance P. The activities in the extract and of synthetic substance P were both destroyed by chymotrypsin but were not affected by trypsin or carboxypeptidase B. The concentrations of substance P-like material in normal and extrinsically denervated segments were not significantly different, being equivalent to 0.48 μg of substance P per g of external muscle plus myenteric plexus. A compound with substance P-like activity was liberated by stimulation of intramural nerves, either electrically or by dimethylphenylpiperazinium, in both normal and extrinsically denervated segments of ileum. The release of this compound was prevented by tetrodotoxin and its action on the muscle was blocked when the ileum was made insensitive to the action of substance P. Experiments with transmural stimulation showed that excitatory nerve pathways involving substance P neurons extend for less than 4 cm along the intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00506552
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substance P enteric neurons mediate non-colinergic transmission to the circular muscle of the guinea-pig intestine (1985)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 328 (1985), S. 446-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Substance P ; Enteric neurons ; Autonomic nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sites of action and possible roles of substance P in contracting the circular muscle of the guinea-pig ileum were studied using two analogues of substance P that act as antagonists of some of its actions. These ared-Arg1,d-Pro2,d-Trp7,9, Leu11-substance P andd-Pro2,d-Trp7,9-substance P, referred to by the single letter amino acid codes for the substituting amino acids as (RPWWL)-SP and (PWW)-SP, respectively. Records of circular muscle activity were taken from strips of intestine free of mucosa and submucosa and from rings with all layers of intestine intact. Substance P was equally effective in contracting the circular muscle strips as it was in contracting the longitudinal muscle. The contractions of strips were not blocked by hyoscine (2×10−6 M) or tetrodotoxin (6×10−7 M), but were substantially reduced by (RPWWL)-SP (6.7×10−6 M) or (PWW)-SP (2×10−5 M). In contrast, contractions of the circular muscle of whole rings of intestine elicited by low concentrations of substance P (4×10−7M) were blocked by hyoscine or tetrodotoxin but notreduced by the substance P antagonists in the concentrations referred to above. These observations indicate that the antagonists are effective at receptors for substance P on the muscle, but not at substance P receptors on enteric cholinergic nerves. Transmural stimulation of strips of circular muscle or of intestinal rings in the presence of hyoscine evoked contractions that were blocked by tetrodotoxin. These hyoscineresistant, nerve-mediated contractions could be elicited by single pulses in the strips. The contractions were reduced to less than 20% of original amplitude by (RPWWL)-SP (6.7×10−6M). Reflex contractions of the circular muscle recorded on the oral side of a distension stimulus had a low-threshold, hyoscine-sensitive and a high-threshold, hyoscine-insensitive, component. The low threshold component was unaffected by the substance P antagonists whereas the high threshold component was depressed. It is concluded that substance P nerves are effective in transmitting to the circular muscle, that they are final nerves in non-cholinergic excitatory reflexes, and that the substance P antagonist analogues can be used to distinguish actions of substance P at neural and muscle receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692914
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different substance P receptors are found on mucosal epithelial cells and submucous neurons of the guinea-pig small intestine (1985)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 329 (1985), S. 382-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Substance P ; Enteric neurons ; Mucosal transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The action of substance P (SP) on mucosal ion transport has been investigated in the guinea-pig small intestine. Segments of intestine were dissected free of external muscle and myenteric plexus and mounted in Ussing chambers. Short-circuit current (I sc) was measured as an indication of net ion transport across the tissue. SP (〉10−10 M) added to the submucosal side of the tissue caused a transient increase in I sc. Tetrodotoxin (TTX, 10−7 M) decreased the maximum SP response to 11% of the control value. TTX completely inhibited the response to electrical field stimulation but had no effect on I sc increases due to carbachol or theophylline. In the presence of hyoscine (10−7 M) the SP response was reduced to 42% of the control value, but hyoscine had no effect on the TTX-resistant SP response. Mepyramine (10−6 M) had no significant effect on the SP response. These results suggest that SP alters mucosal ion transport by stimulation of cholinergic and non-cholinergic nerves in the mucosa-submucosa. A small part of the SP response appears to be due to a direct action on epithelial cells. The SP antagonist (d-Arg1, d-Pro2, d-Trp7.9, Leu11)-SP decreased the magnitude of the TTX-resistant SP response, and caused a decrease of similar magnitude in the total SP response. These results imply that the major component of the SP response, which is due to an action on neurons, is unaffected by this antagonist. It is concluded that the SP receptors on epithelial cells are blocked by the antagonist and are different to the SP receptors on submucous neurons, which are not blocked by the antagonist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496372
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormalities of nerve fibers in the circular muscle of patients with slow transit constipation (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 13 (1998), S. 208-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words Slow transit constipation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enteric nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abnormalities of the enteric nervous system are thought to explain the pathophysiology of motility disorders. Our aim was to determine if particular classes of enteric neurons are affected in slow transit constipation (STC). Specimens were taken from the terminal ileum and ascending, transverse and descending colon of patients undergoing subtotal colectomy for STC. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antisera to neuron-specific enolase, tachykinin, leu-enkephalin, choline acetyltransferase, vasoactive intestinal peptide, nitric oxide synthase, tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide Y. The density of nerve fibres labelled with these antibodies in each layer was compared with age-matched controls. The density of nerve fibres with tachykinin and enkephalin immunoreactivity was reduced in the colonic circular muscle of the 15 patients with STC, whereas innervation of all other layers was normal. This reduction of tachykinin-immunoreactive nerve fibres also occurred in nine of the 12 specimens of terminal ileum examined. No difference was detected in the density or distribution of nerve fibres using the other antisera. Excitatory nerve fibres are present in the circular muscle in STC but they are deficient in tachykinins and enkephalin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050163
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for the release of endogenous substance P from intestinal nerves (1979)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 306 (1979), S. 195-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Substance P ; Guinea-pig ileum ; Densensitization ; Peptidergic nerves ; Immunofluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The desensitization of receptors for substance P in the longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig ileum has been studied. Receptors for substance P in the muscle became desensitized in the presence of relatively large concentrations of synthetic substance P; a desensitizing concentration of substance P of 7.5×10−9 M shifted the concentration-response curve for substance P about 20-fold to the right, while a desensitizing concentration of 7.5×10−8 M shifted the curve about 300-fold to the right. This desensitization appeared specific; concentration-response curves for carbachol, DMPP, 5-HT and bradykinin were not significantly affected by substance P, 7.5×10−8 M. Furthermore, substance P in concentrations up to 7.5×10−8 M did not modify transmission from either cholinergic nerves or enteric inhibitory nerves when these were stimulated electrically. However, hyoscine-resistant contractions produced by stimulation of nerves in the ileum at 10 Hz were abolished by exposure to concentrations of substance P of 7.5×10−9 M or greater, suggesting that these nerves release a substance similar to or identical with substance P. DMPP evoked small hyoscine-resistant contractions of the ileum. These contractions were also antagonised by desensitization of receptors for substance P. Immunohistochemical studies showed substance P-like immunoreactivity in nerve terminals of both the myenteric and submucous plexuses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00507103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The projections of 5-hydroxytryptamine-accumulating neurones in the myenteric plexus of the small intestine of the guinea-pig (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1998), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: 5-hydroxytryptamine ; Myenteric neurones ; Retrograde tracing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chemical coding ; Morphology ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Retrograde tracing, combined with immunohistochemistry, was used to study the projections of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-accumulating neurones within the ileum of the guinea-pig, with confocal microscopy being used to characterise further their morphology. Two classes of neurones in the myenteric plexus, capable of taking up 5-HT or analogues, were distinguished. One class had Dogiel type I morphology with lamellar dendrites, was located on the edge or in the middle of ganglia and lacked immunoreactivity for somatostatin (SOM). The other class had smooth ovoid cell bodies with multiple filamentous dendrites and a single axon and represented a subset of the SOM-immunoreactive interneurones in the myenteric plexus. Varicosities immunoreactive for 5-HT alone, 5-HT/SOM or SOM alone were present in the myenteric ganglia. Both classes of 5-HT-accumulating neurones had long aboral projections within the myenteric plexus (up to 100 mm long) and to the submucous plexus and probably function as descending interneurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051007
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and projections of neurons with immunoreactivity for both gastrin-releasing peptide and bombesin in the guinea-pig small intestine (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 285-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enteric nervous system ; Intestine ; Neuropeptides ; Gastrin releasing peptide ; Bombesin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bombesin-like and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-like immunoreactivities were localized in nerves of the guinea-pig small intestine and celiac ganglion with the use of antibodies raised against the synthetic peptides. The anti-bombesin serum (preincubated to avoid cross reactivity with substance P) and the anti-GRP serum revealed the same population of neurons. Preincubation of the antibombesin serum with bombesin abolished the immunoreactivity in nerves while absorption of the anti-GRP serum with either bombesin or the 14–27 C-terminal of GRP only reduced the immunoreactivity. The immunoreactivity was abolished by incubation with GRP 1–27. Immunoreactive nerves were found in the myenteric plexus, circular muscle, submucous plexus and in the celiac ganglion. Faintly reactive nerve cell bodies were found in the myenteric ganglia (3.2% of all neurons) but not in submucous ganglia. After all ascending and descending pathways in the myenteric plexus had been cut, reactive terminals disappeared in the myenteric plexus, circular muscle (including the deep muscular plexus) and the submucous plexus on the anal side. After the mesenteric nerves were cut no changes were observed in the intestinal wall but the reactive fibres in celiac ganglia disappeared. It is deduced that GRP/bombesin-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies in myenteric ganglia project from the myenteric plexus to other myenteric ganglia situated further anally (average length 12 mm), anally to the circular muscle (average length 9 mm), anally to submucous ganglia (average length 13 mm) and external to the intestine to the celiac ganglia. It is concluded that the GRP/bombesin-reactive neurons in the intestinal wall represent a distinct population of enteric neurons likely to be involved in controlling motility and in the coordination of other intestinal functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217852
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innervation of the large arteries and heart of the toad (Bufo marinus) by adrenergic and peptide-containing neurons (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 171-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Perivascular nerves ; Cardiac innervation ; Neuropeptides ; Neuropeptide Y ; Substance P ; Adrenergic nerves ; Amphibia, Anura (Bufo marinus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the major arteries and heart of the toad (Bufo marinus) was examined by use of glyoxylic acid-induced catecholamine fluorescence and peptide immunohistochemistry. All arteries possessed a moderate to dense plexus of adrenergic axons, which also showed neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI). Some adrenergic axons in the intracardiac vagal trunks showed NPY-LI, but the varicose adrenergic axons innervating the cardiac muscle of the atria and ventricle, and the coronary blood vessels did not display NPY-LI. About half of the nerve cell bodies in the anterior sympathetic chain ganglia with dopamine-β-hydroxylase-LI (DBH-LI) also contained NPY-LI. The nerve cell bodies with DBH-LI alone were generally larger (median diameter 30 μm) than those with both DBH-LI and NPY-LI (median diameter 20 μm). Some cell bodies showing DBH-LI alone were surrounded by boutons with NPY-LI but not DBH-LI. Axons that displayed simultaneously both substance P-LI (SP-LI) and calcitonin gene-related peptide-LI (CGRP-LI) also formed a plexus around all arteries studied, being particularly dense around the mesenteric and pulmonary arteries. These axons are most likely sensory since SP-LI was reduced by capsaicin treatment, and nerve cell bodies with both SP-LI and CGRP-LI were found in dorsal root ganglia and the vagal ganglion. A dense plexus of axons showing somatostatin-LI was located around the pulmonary artery and its main intrapulmonary branches. A few nerves with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-LI were found around the dorsal aorta and pulmonary artery. No perivascular nerves with enkephalin-LI were observed. Reversed-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography of acid extracts of the large arteries showed that the major peaks of NPY-LI and SP-LI coeluted with porcine NPY (1–36) and synthetic SP (1–11), respectively. Thus, the location and structure of these peptides in perivascular nerves has been highly conserved during vertebrate evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221866
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