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  • Electronic Resource  (5)
  • Polyethyleneimine (PEI) cellulose  (4)
  • Key words Dopamine
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The metabolic rate and vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons, and adenosine dynamics in the cerebral cortex, nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen of the common marmoset (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. V16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Dopamine ; Striatum ; Cerebral cortex ; Adenosine ; Parkinsonism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pathophysiology of the striatum and cerebral cortex were studied from the pharmacological aspect. Investigation of the dopamine content in the cerebral cortex revealed that the premotor and motor area showed the highest level (61±6.2 ng/g). Intravenous injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) at a dose of 10 mg/kg reduced the dopamine content in the caudate nucleus and putamen to 2–3% of the control level in common marmosets, while it fell to 60% in the nucleus accumbens. There was no alteration of the dopamine content in the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase in the midbrains of MPTP-treated marmosets showed almost complete disappearance of dopaminergic cells from the substantia nigra and good preservation of cells in the ventrotegmental area. Dopaminergic cells projecting to the caudate/putamen, nucleus accumbens, and cerebral cortex showed marked, moderate, and no vulnerability to MPTP, respectively. After systemic administration of MPTP, dopaminergic neurons projecting to the caudate nucleus and putamen were damaged equally. However, the compensatory increase of dopamine turnover was more prominent in the putamen than in the caudate nucleus. Thus, nigroputaminal dopaminergic neurons may have a higher level of activity than neuron in the caudate. The neural connections and functions of the caudate nucleus and putamen have already been differentiated anatomically or physiologically. This compensatory increase of the dopamine turnover rate is another aspect of functional differences between the caudate nucleus and putamen. Investigation of the dopamine content in the heat, body, and tail of the caudate nucleus showed no differences in the concentration of dopamine. However, a study of the metabolic rate of dopamine using α-methyl-p-tyrosine, a tyrosine hydoxylase inhibitor, showed higher metabolism of dopamine in the head of the caudate nucleus in common marmosets. Thus, dopaminergic neurons projecting to the caudate nucleus may show topographical differences in their firing rates. A microdialysis study indicated an increase in the metabolism of adenosine in the striatum of MPTP-treated animals. Cholinergic neurons are interneurons and are one of the main sources of adenosine in the striatum. Dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra acting on cholinergic neurons was decreased following MPTP treatment. The increase of adenosine metabolism suggested that cholinergic neurons in the striatum receive inhibitory inputs from nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007779
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of rhenium by thin-layer chromatography with polyethyleneimine cellulose in hydrochloric acid media (1986)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 21 (1986), S. 708-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Polyethyleneimine (PEI) cellulose ; Separation of 49 inorganic ions ; Re(VII) separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The thin-layer chromatographic behavior of 49 inorganic ions on polyethyleneimine (PEI) cellulose has been investigated in hydrochloric acid media (0.01–1.0 mol dm−3). The sorption on the cellulose decreases with increasing acid concentration for most of the ions, but As(III), Ti(IV) and Te(VI) do not exhibit any Rf variation with the acid concentration. The Rf spectra of TI(I), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) have a maximum. Ag(I), Bi(III), Nb(V), Ta(V), Mo(VI) and W(VI) are retained tightly on the layer, due to either insoluble salt formation or extensive hydrolysis. The extremely low Rf values of Hg(II), Pd(II), Au(III), Ru(III) and Pt(IV) are accounted for by stability of their chlorocomplexes. Re(VII) distributes chromatographically, having moderate Rf values between 0.3 and 0.6, so that the selective separation of Re(VII) from the other ions is feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02313685
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thin-layer chromatography of inorganic ions on polyethyleneimine cellulose in sulfuric acid and acid-ammonium sulfate media (1986)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 21 (1986), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Polyethyleneimine (PEI) cellulose ; Inorganic ions ; Sulfuric aicd-sulfate media
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The thin-layer chromatographic behavior of 49 inorganic ions on polyethyleneimine (PEI) cellulose, a weakly basic anion-exchanger, has been systematically studied in sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate media (both 0.01–1.0 moldm−3). The sorption on the cellulose decreases with increasing concentration of the acid or sulfate for most of the ions and to a lesser extent for Hg(II), Bi(III), Th(IV), Nb(V), and U(VI). The Rf values of Pd(II), Ru(III), Au(III), Pt(IV), and Ta(V) are extremely low in both systems. Ba(II), Pb(II), Sb(III), Mo(VI), and W(VI) are also strongly retained on the layer. Oxy-anions such as As(III) and Se(VI) are not adsorbed on the cellulose to any great extent, but Re(VII) distributes on the plate with a Rf value of about 0.5. The characteristic retention on PEI-cellulose layer of several polyvalent ions, which form anionic sulfato complexes, can be observed in ammonium sulfate media. Possibilities for separations of analytical interest are also demonstrated in both systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311749
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatography of inorganic ions on polyethyleneimine cellulose layer in hydrochloric acid — Ammonium thiocyanate media (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 648-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Polyethyleneimine (PEI) cellulose ; Inorganic ions ; Hydrochloric acid — thiocyanate media
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Thin-layer chromatographic behavior of 58 inorganic ions on polyethyleneimine (PEI) cellulose has been systematically surveyed in hydrochloric acid — ammonium thiocyanate media. In this media most of the ions distribute chromatographically on the layer. Ag(I), Hg(II), Pd(II), Au(III), Bi(III), Ru(III), Pt(IV), Nb(V), Ta(V), Mo(VI), and W(VI) are strongly retained, while alkali earths(II), Mg(II), As(III), Ti(IV), and Te(VI) are not absorbed to any great extent in this system. An interesting correlation was found between the Rf values on PEI-cellulose in the thiocyanate media and the paramagnetic moment of the rare earths(III). An oddeven fluctuation against the atomic number is also found for the heavy rare earths(III). Chromatographic separation of many inorganic ions of analytical interest is demonstrated in this system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311492
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thin-layer chromatography of inorganic ions on polyethyleneimine cellulose in mixed sulfuric acid — Organic solvent media (1989)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 28 (1989), S. 620-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) ; Polyethyleneimine (PEI) cellulose ; Sulfuric acid — organic solvent ; Inorganic ions ; Separations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Thin-layer chromatographic behavior of 49 inorganic ions has been systematically studied on polyethyleneimine (PEI) cellulose with solvent mixtures consisting of sulfuric acid and either methanol or acetone. The sorption of most ions on the cellulose increases with increasing methanol content in the solvent. The feature is noticeable for some ions which form sulfato complexes. The Rf values of Re(VII) slightly increase with increasing methanol content. Ba(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), Pd(II), Au(III), Bi(III), Ru(III), Sb(III), Pt(IV), Mo(VI) and W(VI) are strongly retained on the layer in methanol media. The behavior of most ions in the acetone system does not appreciably differ from that in the methanol system, but their Rf values are somewhat higher in acetone than in methanol. There are marked differences in the behavior og Hg(II), Au(III), Ru(III) and Re(VII) between the two systems. Feasibilities for the separation of many ions of analytical interest are also demonstrated in these systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260690
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