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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of 8 succinate per mol nickel into factors F430 by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1980), S. 256-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Factors F430 ; Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum ; Nickel ; Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis ; Succinate incorporation ; Methanobacterium bryantii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Factors F430 from methanogenic bacteria have recently been shown to contain nickel and it has been speculated that they may have a nickel tetrapyrrole structure. This assumption was tested by determining whether succinate is incorporated by growing Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum into three factors F430. Succinate is assimilated by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum into the amino acids glutamate, arginine and proline and into tetrapyrroles rather than other cell components. It was found that per mol nickel 8–9 mol of succinate were incorporated into the three factors F430 which is the amount predicted for a tetrapyrrole structure. Since the three factors F430 only contained significant amounts of glutamate rather than arginine or proline, the incorporation data suggest that factors F430 are nickel tetrapyrrole compounds. Spectral properties of the three factors F430, apparent molecular weights, and the absence of phosphor in these compounds are also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406169
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of Dehalospirillum multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a tetrachloroethene-utilizing, strictly anaerobic bacterium (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 163 (1995), S. 48-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anaerobic dehalogenation ; Reductive dechlorination ; Perchloroethylene ; Tetrachloroethene ; Tetrachloroethene respiration ; cis-1,2-Dichloroethene ; Trichloroethene ; Dehalospirillum multivorans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A strictly anaerobic bacterium dechlorinating tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene, PCE) via trichloroethene (TCE) to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (DCE) was isolated from activated sludge with pyruvate plus PCE as energy substrates. The organism, called Dehalospirillum multivorans, is a gram-negative spirillum that does not form spores. The G+C content of the DNA was 41.5 mol%. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, D. multivorans represents a new genus and a new species belonging to the epsilon subdivision of Proteobacteria. Quinones, cytochromes b and c, and corrinoids were extracted from the cells. D. multivorans grew in defined medium with PCE and H2 as sole energy sources and acetate as carbon source; the growth yield under these conditions was 1.4g of cell protein per mol chloride released. Alternatively to PCE, fumarate and nitrate could serve as electron acceptors; sulfate could not replace fumarate, nitrate, or PCE in this respect. In addition to H2, the organism utilized a variety of electron donors for dechlorination (pyruvate, lactate, ethanol, formate, glycerol). Upon growth on pyruvate plus PCE, the main fermentation products formed were acetatc, lactate, DCE, and H2. At optimal pH (7.3–7.6) and temperature (30°C), and in the presence of pyruvate (20mM) and PCE (160μM), a dechlorination rate of about 50 nmol min-1 (mg cell protein)-1 and a doubling time of about 2.5h were obtained with growing cultures. The ability to reduce PCE to DCE appears to be constitutive under the experimental conditions applied since cultures growing in the absence of PCE for several generations immediately started dechlorination when transferred to a medium containing PCE. The organism may be useful for bioremediation of environments polluted with tetrachloroethene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262203
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of ferredoxin from Peptostreptococcus productus (strain Marburg) (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 156 (1991), S. 422-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Peptostreptococcus productus (strain Marburg) ; Homoacetogenic bacteria ; Ferredoxin ; Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ferredoxin was purified to apparent homogeneity from cell extracts of the homoacetogen Peptostreptococcus productus (strain Marburg). The yield was 70 μg ferredoxin per g wet cells of P. productus. The UV-vis spectrum exhibited characteristics of a typical clostridial ferredoxin spectrum with a molar extinction coefficient ε385 of ∼30000 M-1 cm-1 and an A385/A280 ratio of 0.76. The molecular weight Mr was near 5700 as calculated from the amino acid composition. The protein contained per mol 9.9 mol iron, 8.2 mol acid-labile sulfide, and near 7 mol cysteine indicating the presence of two 4 Fe/4 S clusters. The redox potential was determined to be-410 mV. The purified ferredoxin was reduced with carbon monoxide by the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from crude extracts and by the partially enriched enzyme of P. productus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248721
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of a methyl chloride utilizing, strictly anaerobic bacterium (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 156 (1991), S. 416-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methyl chloride utilization ; Homoacetogenic bacteria ; Anaerobic dehalogenation ; Strain MC ; Methylotrophic anaerobes ; Methoxylated aromatic compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From sludge obtained from the sewage digester plant in Stuttgart-Möhringen a strictly anaerobic bacterium was enriched and isolated with methyl chloride as the energy source. The isolate, which was tentatively called strain MC, was nonmotile, gram-positive, and occurred as elongated cocci arranged in chains. Cells of strain MC formed about 3 mol of acetate per 4 mol of CH3Cl consumed, indicating that the organism was a homoacetogenic bacterium fermenting methyl chloride plus CO2 according to: $$\begin{gathered} 4 CH_3 Cl + 2 CO_2 + 2 H_2 O \to 3 CH_3 COO^ - \hfill \\ + 7 H^ + + 4 Cl^ - . \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ The organism grew with 2–3% methyl chloride in the gas phase at a doubling time of near 30 h. Dichloromethane was not utilized. The bacterium also grew on carbon monoxide, H2 plus CO2, and methoxylated aromatic compounds. Optimal growth with methyl chloride was observed at 25°C and pH 7.3–7.7. The G+C-content of the DNA was 47.5±1.5%. The methyl chloride conversion appeared to be inducible, since H2 plus CO2-grown cells lacked this ability. From the morphological and physiological characteristics, the isolate could not be affiliated to a known species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248720
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 159 (1993), S. 345-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: TNT degradation ; Polynitroaromatic compounds ; Sulfite reductase ; Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase ; Hydrogenase ; Ferredoxin ; Sulfidogenic bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A sulfate-reducing bacterium using trinitrotoluene (TNT) as the sole nitrogen source was isolated with pyruvate and sulfate as the energy sources. The organism was able to reduce TNT to triaminotoluene (TAT) in growing cultures and cell suspensions and to further transform TAT to still unknown products. Pyruvate, H2, or carbon monoxide served as the electron donors for the reduction of TNT. The limiting step in TNT conversion to TAT was the reduction of 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT) to triaminotoluene. The reduction proceeded via 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxylaminotoluene (DAHAT) as an intermediate. The intermediary formation of DAHAT was only observed in the presence of carbon monoxide or hydroxylamine, respectively. The reduction of DAHAT to triaminotoluene was inhibited by both CO and NH2OH. The inhibitors as well as DANT and DAHAT significantly inhibited sulfide formation from sulfite. The data were taken as evidence for the involvement of dissimilatory sulfite reductase in the reduction of DANT and/or DAHAT to triaminotoluene. Hydrogenase purified from Clostridium pasteurianum and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase partially purified from Clostridium thermoaceticum also catalyzed the reduction of DANT in the presence of methyl viologen or ferredoxin, however, as the main reduction product DAHAT rather than triaminotoluene was formed. The findings could explain the function of CO as an electron donor for the DANT reduction (to DAHAT) and the concomitant inhibitory effect of CO on triaminotoluene formation (from DAHAT) by the inhibition of sulfite reductase. Triaminotoluene is further anaerobically converted to unknown products by the isolate under sulfate-reducing and by a Pseudomonas strain under denitrifying conditions. Triaminotoluene conversion was also catalyzed in the absence of cells under aerobic conditions by trace elements, especially by Mn2+, accompanied by the elimination of ammonia in a stoichiometry of 1 NH3 released per TAT transformed. The results might be of interest for the bioremediation of wastewater polluted with nitroaromatic compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290917
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrachloroethene metabolism of Dehalospirillum multivorans (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Dehalospirillum multivorans ; Perchloroethylene ; Tetrachloroethene ; Tetrachloroethene dehalogenase ; Trichloroethene ; Dichloroethene ; Reductive dechlorination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dehalospirillum multivorans is a strictly anaerobic bacterium that is able to dechlorinate tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene; PCE) via trichloroethene (TCE) to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (DCE) as part of its energy metabolism. The present communication describes some features of the dechlorination reaction in growing cultures, cell suspensions, and cell extracts of D. multivorans. Cell suspensions catalyzed the reductive dechlorination of PCE with pyruvate as electron donor at specific rates of up to 150 nmol (chloride released) min-1 (mg cell protein)-1 (300 μM PCE initially, pH 7.5, 25°C). The rate of dechlorination depended on the PCE concentration; concentrations higher than 300 μM inhibited dehalogenation. The temperature optimum was between 25 and 30°C; the pH optimum at about 7.5. Dehalogenation was sensitive to potential alternative electron acceptors such as fumarate or sulfur; nitrate or sulfate had no significant effect on PCE reduction. Propyl iodide (50 μM) almost completely inhibited the dehalogenation of PCE in cell suspensions. Cell extracts mediated the dehalogenation of PCE and of TCE with reduced methyl viologen as the electron donor at specific rates of up to 0.5 μmol (chloride released) min-1 (mg protein).-1 An abiotic reductive dehalogenation could be excluded since cell extracts heated for 10 min at 95°C were inactive. The PCE dehalogenase was recovered in the soluble cell fraction after ultracentrifugation. The enzyme was not inactivated by oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301854
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nickel requirement for carbon monoxide dehydrogenase formation in Clostridium pasteurianum (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 122 (1979), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nickel ; Carbon monoxide oxidation ; Clostridium pasteurianum ; Nitrilotriacetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Formation of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase in growing Clostridium pasteurianum was found to be dependent on trace nickel present as contaminant in the growth medium. The evidence is: i) Synthesis of the enzyme was increased, when NiCl2 (0.1 μM) was added to the medium; ii) Synthesis of the enzyme was almost completely inhibited when the cells were grown in the presence of nitrilotriacetate (0.1 mM) or of other chelating agents, which inhibited the uptake of trace nickel from the medium; iii) Inhibition of enzyme synthesis by the chelators could be specifically overcome by supplementing the medium with nickel (1μM).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408054
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetate synthesis from 2 CO2 in acetogenic bacteria: is carbon monoxide an intermediate? (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 224-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: CO2 reduction to acetate ; Clostridium thermoaceticum ; Acetobacterium woodii ; Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase ; Carbon monoxide fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cultures of Acetobacterium woodii and Clostridium thermoaceticum growing on fructose or glucose, respectively, were found to produce small, but significant amounts of carbon monoxide. In the gas phase of the cultures up to 53 ppm CO were determined. The carbon monoxide production was completely inhibited by 1 mM cyanide. Cultures and cell suspensions of both acetogens incorporated 14CO specifically into the carboxyl group of acetate. This CO fixation into C1 of acetate was unaffected by cyanide (1 mM). The findings are taken to indicate that CO (in a bound form) is the physiological precursor of the C1 of acetate in acetate synthesis from CO2. The cyanide inhibition experiments support the hypothesis that the cyanide-sensitive carbon monoxide dehydrogenase may serve to reduce CO2 to CO rather than to incorporate the carbonyl into C1 of acetate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402125
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene dehalogenase of Dehalospirillum multivorans (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 163 (1995), S. 276-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Tetrachloroethene ; Trichloroethene ; Dichloroethene ; PCE dehalogenase ; TCE dehalogenase ; Corrinoid ; Vitamin B12 ; Dehalospirillum multivorans ; Reductive dechlorination ; Tetrachloroethene respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Some properties of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene dehalogenase of the recently isolated, tetrachloroethene-utilizing anaerobe, Dehalospirillum multivorans, were studied with extracts of cells grown on pyruvate plus fumarate. The dehalogenase catalyzed the oxidation of reduced methyl viologen with tetrachloroethene (PCE) or trichloroethene (TCE) as electron acceptor. All other artificial or physiological electron donors tested were ineffective. The PCE and TCE dehalogenase activity was insensitive towards oxygen in crude extracts. When extracts were incubated under anoxic conditions in the presence of titanium citrate as reducing agent, the dehalogenase was rapidly inactivated by propyl iodide (50 μM). Inactivation did not occur in the absence of titanium citrate. The activity of propyl-iodide-treated extracts was restored almost immediately by illumination. The dehalogenase was inhibited by cyanide. The inhibition profile was almost the same under oxic and anoxic conditions independent of the presence or absence of titanium citrate. In addition, N2O, nitrite, and ethylene diamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) were inhibitors of PCE and TCE dehalogenase. Carbon monoxide and azide had no influence on the dehalogenase activity. Trans-1,2-dichloroethene or 1,1-dichloroethene, both of which are isomers of the dechlorination product cis-1,2-dichloroethene, neither inhibited nor inactivated the dehalogenase. PCE and TCE dechlorination appeared to be mediated by the same enzyme since the inhibitors tested had nearly the same effects on the PCE and TCE dehalogenating activity. The data indicated the involvement of a corrinoid and possibly of an additional transition metal in reductive PCE and TCE dechlorination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393380
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics of methylenetetrahydrofolate reduction to methyltetrahydrofolate and its implications for the energy metabolism of homoacetogenic bacteria (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 155 (1991), S. 378-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methylenetetrahydrofolate ; Methyltetrahydrofolate ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ; Homoacetogenic bacteria ; Energy conservation of homoacetogens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The thermodynamics of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reduction to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was studied with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase purified from the homoacetogenic bacterium Peptostreptococcus productus. The equilibrium constants were determined for the forward and backward reactions of methylenetetrahydrofolate reduction with NADH or acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (APADH), respectively, as the electron donors. From the equilibrium constants and the known standard redox potentials at pH 7 (E o′ ) of the couples NAD+/NADH or APAD+/APADH the E o′ of the couple methylene-/methyltetrahydrofolate was determined to be about-200mV. This value is different from values reported before for this couple. The implications for the mechanism of energy conservation of homoacetogens is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00243458
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