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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of promoter activity by the introduction of multiple copies of the conserved region III sequence, involved in the efficient expression of Aspergillus oryzae amylase-encoding genes (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 50 (1998), S. 459-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The role of the conserved sequence region III in the promoter regions of the amylase-encoding genes amyB, glaA and agdA of Aspergillus oryzae was examined. Introduction of multiple copies of the region III fragment into the agdA promoter resulted in a significant increase in promoter activity at the transcriptional level. This result suggests that the fragment comprising region III consists of one or more cis-acting sequence(s). Moreover, expression of the agdA gene under the control of the improved agdA promoter resulted in efficient overproduction of α -glucosidase, even in the presence of glucose. Thus, overexpression of genes controlled by the improved promoter incorporating region III is possible. Interestingly, expression of the amyB and glaA genes in the transformant was strongly repressed. This result suggests that the trans-acting regulatory protein(s) that interact with region III are common to these amylase genes and that the titration of regulatory protein(s) reduced the expression of the amyB and glaA genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051321
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors responsible for immune resistance to L1210 murine leukemia in hyperimmune mice (1979)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 7 (1979), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The serum of mice hyperimmune to L1210 leukemia was cytotoxic to L1210 cells and, to a much lesser extent, to P388 cells in the presence of complement. However, it did not suppress in vitro growth of L1210 cells, nor did it endow a recipient mouse with immunity to inoculated L1210 cells. This indicates that the serum did not play a significant role, if any, in immune protection of hyperimmune mice. Spleen and peritoneal exudate cells of hyperimmune mice suppressed the in vitro growth of L1210 but not of P388 cells. This is consistent with the fact that hyperimmune mice did not survive the inoculation of P388 cells. The immunocytes failed to suppress the in vitro growth of L1210 cells when preincubated with anti-Thy-1.2 antisera and complement. This, together with the finding that cell populations not adherent to a plastic dish suppressed in vitro growth of L1210 cells, indicates that T cells of immune spleen and peritoneal exudate cell populations were the effectors that suppressed in vitro growth of L1210 cells. Hyperimmune mice lost their immune protection in vivo following the administration of anti-thymocyte antisera, but not with carrageenan or silica, which resulted in the lethal growth of the inoculated L1210 cells. This indicates that T cells were in vivo effectors in immune protection. Hyperimmune spleen T cells endowed a recipient with immunity to L1210 leukemia when transferred in vivo. This confirmed the above results and suggests the applicability of immune cells in an adoptive immunotherapy approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205334
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An aureobasidin A resistance gene isolated from Aspergillus is a homolog of yeast AUR1, a gene responsible for inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) synthase activity (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 261 (1999), S. 290-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Aureobasidin A ; Aspergillus nidulans ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; Drug-resistant mutant ; aurA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The AUR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutations in which confer resistance to the antibiotic aureobasidin A, is necessary for inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) synthase activity. We report the molecular cloning and characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans aurA gene, which is homologous to AUR1. A single point mutation in the aurA gene of A. nidulans confers a high level of resistance to aureobasidin A. The A. nidulans aurA gene was used to identify its homologs in other Aspergillus species, including A. fumigatus, A. niger, and A. oryzae. The deduced amino acid sequence of an aurA homolog from the pathogenic fungus A. fumigatus showed 87% identity to that of A. nidulans. The AurA proteins of A. nidulans and A. fumigatus shared common characteristics in primary structure, including sequence, hydropathy profile, and N-glycosylation sites, with their S. cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Candida albicans counterparts. These results suggest that the aureobasidin resistance gene is conserved evolutionarily in various fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050969
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of the polyketide synthase gene atX from Aspergillus terreus and its identification as the 6-Methylsalicylic acid synthase gene by heterologous expression (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 253 (1996), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Aspergillus terreus ; Polyketide synthase gene ; 6-Methylsalicylic acid synthase ; 6-Methylsalicylic acid ; Expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Southern blot analysis of genomic DNAs of several fungi that produce polyketide compounds with the 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (MSAS) gene of Penicillium patulum as a probe indicated the presence of an MSAS-homologous gene in the (+)-geodin-producing strain IMI 16043 of Aspergillus terreus. The gene, designated atX was cloned from an A. terreus genomic DNA library and 7588 bp of the gene together with its flanking regions were sequenced to reveal the presence of a 5.5 kb open reading frame coding for a protein of 1800 amino acids with 190 kDa molecular mass. The presence of a short (70 bp) intron near the N-terminus of the atX gene was predicted that contains the canonical GT and AG dinucleotides at its 5′- and 3′-splicing junctions. The predicted ATX polypeptide showed high homology with P. patulum MSAS along the whole sequence. On the other hand, slight homology was detected only around the β-ketoacyl synthase regions of Aspergillus nidulans wA, PKS ST and Colletotrichum lagenarium PKS1. No transcription of atX was observed throughout the culture period by Northern blotting analysis. To identify the function of the polypeptide encoded by the atX gene, its coding region was introduced into the fungal expression vector pTAex3 under the control of the amyB promoter. The constructed expression plasmid was introduced into A. nidulans. The transformant produced significant amounts of 6-methylsalicylic acid, the structure of which was identified by physicochemical analysis. This result unambiguously demonstrated that the atX gene codes for MSAS of A. terreus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050289
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guided bone tissue elaboration by osteogenic cells in vitro (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 429-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Primary rat bone marrow cells were cultured for 2 weeks in polystyrene dishes whose surfaces had been roughened using 600- or 320-grit silicon carbide paper. Eight samples were prepared of each of the three groups of dishes, to include a nontreated control suface. Following the culture period, the dishes were stained by von Kossa's method. The distribution of bone formed during the culture period was examined by light microscopy and the area of bone formed quantified. Results demonstrated that both the amount and spatial distribution of bone were influenced by the roughness of the underlying substratum. Differences between the smooth and roughened surfaces were statistically different at P 〈 .05. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820270403
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