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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short range order of silica particles bound through adsorbed polymer layers (1988)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 266 (1988), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Flocculation ; adsorbedpolymers ; small angleneutron scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Small angle neutron scattering was used to examine the organization of silica spheres which had been flocculated by various cationic copolymers. When the adsorbed polymers bound the spheres without compensating their surface charge, the resulting aggregates had a liquid-like short range order. When the polymers compensated for the surface charges, we found only tenuous aggregates with self-similar structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01452806
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes: Field variables to control emulsion type (1998)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 945-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Emulsion type ; amphiphilic polymer ; polyelectrolyte ; polymeric surfactant ; balanced copolymers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Highly hydrophobically modified (with n-dodecylamide chain) linear poly(acrylic acid)s (HHMPAAH) and poly(sodium acrylate)s (HHMPAANa) with various degrees of grafting (τ) were synthesized and used as emulsifiers of the n-dodecane/water system. The type of emulsion, oil in water (O/W) or water in oil (W/O), was investigated as a function of the polymer chemical structure (τ, salt or acid form of the copolymer) and aqueous phase electrolyte concentration (NaNO3). Increasing τ and/or salt concentration was found to favor the formation of inverse emulsions. Direct liquid–liquid dispersions are more likely to form with poly(sodium acrylate)s than with poly(acrylic acid)s. Hence, field variables such as τ, pH and ionic strength are relevant parameters to control emulsion type. Moreover, a balanced polyelectrolyte neither soluble in oil nor in water was synthesized for the first time. With this original emulsifier, the dispersion type was found to change from O/W to W/O with polymer salting out. The work provides convenient model system for fundamental studies of polymer conformation at liquid–liquid interfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050332
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes stabilizing macroemulsions: relationship between copolymer structure and emulsion type (1999)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Emulsion type ; amphiphilic polymer ; polyelectrolyte ; polymeric surfactant ; balanced copolymers ; HLB scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The types of emulsions, oil (n-dodecane) in water (O/W) or water in oil (W/O), stabilized with highly hydrophobically grafted linear poly(sodium acrylate)s, were investigated as a function of polymer chemical architecture. Consequently, a large number of macroemulsifiers, covering a wide range of hydrophobicity, were synthesized by changing the degree of grafting (τ), length (n) and type (single- versus twin-tailed) of the hydrophobic moiety. Monovalent salt (NaNO3) concentration was used as a probe to adjust and hence to estimate the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of each copolymer. τ, n, type of graft and electrolyte concentration were identified as field parameters to control emulsion type. In general, decreasing either τ or n was found to favor the formation of direct emulsions. Inverse dispersions were preferentially formed with twin-tailed rather than single-tailed copolymers. Moreover, the types of emulsions stabilized with well-balanced polyelectrolytes can be flipped from O/W to W/O with increasing salt concentration. Finally, following the Davies concept, a HLB scale for polymers was created from a comparison with surfactants of nearly identical chemical structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050372
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsions stabilized with hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 105 (1997), S. 228-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Emulsion ; amphiphilic polymer ; associative polymerstability ; rheology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Hydrophobically Modified (with alkylamide chain) linear Poly(acrylic acid) Sodium Salt (HMPAANa) of various degree of grafting (τ) and alkyl chain length (n) were synthesized and used as emulsifiers ofn-dodecane/water (NaNO3 10−3M) system. Stability and flow properties of the resultingn-dodecane in water emulsions (dispersed phase volume fraction=0.5) were investigated as a function ofτ (τ=0 to 10% in mol),n (n=12, 18) and polymer concentration (0–10%). It was clearly shown that viscosification (via an associative mechanism of HMPAANa) of the external phase of emulsions is a key factor to explain dispersions breakdown. However, a complete description of the phenomenon could not be achieved without considering the adsorption of the polymer at the liquid-liquid interface which depends closely onτ andn. More generally, the behavior of emulsions was found to be described adequately by the degree of hydrophobicity of HMPAANa's using a simple model conjugating the effects ofτ andn. As a matter of fact, the model was also found to provide a satisfactory description of HMPAANa's aqueous solutions as well, so that a good picture of emulsions properties can be deduced from the polymer behavior in water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188956
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural evidence of charge renormalization in semi-dilute solutions of highly charged polyelectrolytes (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 9 (1999), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 61.25.Hq Macromolecular and polymer solutions; polymer melts; swelling - 61.10.Eq X-ray scattering (including small-angle scattering) - 61.12.Ex Neutron scattering techniques (including small-angle scattering)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We show experimentally that Manning counterion condensation also leads to a renormalization of the charge density at high concentrations of highly charged, flexible, hydrophilic polyelectrolytes. Investigations by small angle neutron and X-ray scattering of semi-dilute solutions of poly(acrylamide-co-sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate) at different charge densities above the condensation threshold, show that the scattering function is invariant with the charge density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510050765
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C NMR spectroscopy of cationic copolymers of acrylamide (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 315-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Random copolymers of acrylamide and a quaternary ammonium acrylate monomer have been investigated by13C NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solution. Cleavage of the ester function has been shown to occur in mild alkaline media with a simultaneous intrachain reaction giving imide group formation. Sequential length distribution of the comonomers has been analyzed from triads composition and the experimental results lead to a nearly Bernouillian statistics although a more alternating distribution would be predicted from the reactivity ratios. This fact has been attribtued to the compositional heterogeneity of our copolymers which have been prepared at high degree of conversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00955924
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macromolecular systems in heat-resistant drilling fluids; advantages of gels on linear polymers (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 755-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The degradation process of linear water-soluble vinyl polymers was followed in aqueous medium at temperatures higher than 150°C. We found that, for any chemical structure, thermal oxidative degradation of the longest chains always occurs, leading to moieties of lower molecular weight (20,000-60,000). The behavior of swollen tridimensionnal networks was tested under the same conditions, and it appeared that rheological and fluid loss properties of the system could be maintained in that case for an optimum number of crosslinks. The corresponding gels were used in simple formulations containing some other drilling fluid components. The first results concerning the thermal stability of the latter are very encouraging. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070530605
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