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  • 2005-2009  (34)
  • 1900-1904  (4)
  • 1880-1889
  • 2005  (34)
  • 1900  (4)
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  • 2005-2009  (34)
  • 1900-1904  (4)
  • 1880-1889
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A textured dielectric substrate for a broadband miniature antenna was fabricated using a thermoplastic green machining. This substrate comprised of three steps with optimized distribution of a dielectric ceramic (Bi–Ba–Nd–Titania; BBNT) and an epoxy. At first, a thermoplastic compound, consisting of BBNT particles and thermoplastic binders, was machined precisely using a mini-computer numeric controlled machine to make a three-dimensional void in the green BBNT body. After appropriate binder removal and sintering, the void in the dense BBNT block was filled with an epoxy to fabricate a textured dielectric substrate. The BBNT sample was characterized by several analyzing tools in terms of machinability, microstructural evolutions, chemical compositions, crystalline phase, and dielectric properties. Bandwidth and gain of the patch antenna with the textured dielectric substrate were measured and compared with the simulated results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A spatially variant dielectric Ca–Mg–silicate (CMS)/Bi–Ba–Nd–titania (BBNT) composite, in which periodic BBNT inclusions were embedded in the CMS matrix, was fabricated using the thermoplastic extrusion. The co-firing behavior of the composite was evaluated in terms of its shrinkage compatibility, thermoplastic compatibility, and chemical compatibility. The noticeable shrinkage mismatch between CMS and BBNT materials was observed. Such shrinkage mismatch strongly affected the interfacial bonding types of the composites. The good interfacial bonding was observed for the composite having BBNT inclusions in the CMS matrix; however, the interfacial cracking and matrix cracking for the opposite design (i.e., CMS inclusions in the BBNT matrix). In addition, the (Ca, Zn)-rich glassy phase in the CMS region migrated into the BBNT region, forming an interfacial reaction layer. The dielectric properties of the CMS, BBNT, and CMS–BBNT mixture were measured to evaluate the spatially variant dielectric CMS/BBNT composite as a novel dielectric substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fiscal studies 26 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper analyses the problem of water affordability in Great Britain. The use and meaning of the term ‘affordability’ are discussed in relation to the domestic or household customers of the British water industry. Using microeconomic data from the Family Resources Survey, affordability is calibrated by income group and household composition for Scotland, England and Wales. Whilst measurement or calibration is the primary focus of the paper, the related question of the way in which an affordability threshold or benchmark might be established is considered. A critique of the various financial support mechanisms currently available to households encountering difficulties in paying water and sewerage charges is followed by a discussion of the policy implications of the research and the way in which it relates to the wider social inclusion agenda of central government.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The molecular processes underlying alcohol dependence are not fully understood. Many characteristic behaviours result from neuroadaptations in the mesocorticolimbic system. In addition, alcoholism is associated with a distinct neuropathology. To elucidate the molecular basis of these features, we compared the RNA expression profile of the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex of human brain from matched individual alcoholic and control cases using cDNA microarrays. Approximately 6% of genes with a marked alcohol response were common to the two brain regions. Alcohol-responsive genes were grouped into 11 functional categories. Predominant alcohol-responsive genes in the prefrontal cortex were those encoding DNA-binding proteins including transcription factors and repair proteins. There was also a down-regulation of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, which could result in disrupted mitochondrial function and energy production leading to oxidative stress. Other alcohol-responsive genes in the prefrontal cortex were associated with neuroprotection/apoptosis. In contrast, in the nucleus accumbens, alcohol-responsive genes were associated with vesicle formation and regulation of cell architecture, which suggests a neuroadaptation to chronic alcohol exposure at the level of synaptic structure and function. Our data are in keeping with the previously reported alcoholism-related pathology characteristic of the prefrontal cortex, but suggest a persistent decrease in neurotransmission and changes in plasticity in the nucleus accumbens of the alcoholic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Minocycline is neuroprotective in animal models of a number of acute CNS injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. While anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of minocycline have been characterized, the molecular basis for the neuroprotective effects of minocycline remains unclear. We report here that minocycline and a number of antioxidant compounds protect mixed neuronal cultures in an oxidative stress assay. To evaluate the role of minocycline's direct antioxidant properties in neuroprotection, we determined potencies for minocycline, other tetracycline antibiotics, and reference antioxidant compounds using a panel of in vitro radical scavenging assays. Data from in vitro rat brain homogenate lipid peroxidation and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays show that minocycline, in contrast to tetracycline, is an effective antioxidant with radical scavenging potency similar to vitamin E. Our findings suggest that the direct antioxidant activity of minocycline may contribute to its neuroprotective effects in some cell-based assays and animal models of neuronal injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Statistical applications in genetics and molecular biology 4.2005, 1, art35 
    ISSN: 1544-6115
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We describe a method for the generation of knowledge-based potentials and apply it to the observed torsional angles of known protein structures. The potential is derived using Bayesian reasoning, and is useful as a prior for further such reasoning in the presence of additional data. The potential takes the form of a probability density function, which is described by a small number of coefficients with the number of necessary coefficients determined by tests based on statistical significance and entropy. We demonstrate the methods in deriving one such potential corresponding to two dimensions, the Ramachandran plot. In contrast to traditional histogram-based methods, the function is continuous and differentiable. These properties allow us to use the function as a force term in the energy minimization of appropriately described structures. The method can easily be extended to other observable angles and higher dimensions, or to include sequence dependence and should find applications in structure determination and validation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 100 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims  To describe the eligibility criteria (i.e. study participant inclusion and exclusion rules) employed in alcohol treatment outcome research and to identify predictors of their use.Design  The eligibility criteria of 683 alcohol treatment outcome studies conducted between 1970 and 1998 were coded reliably into 14 general categories. Predictors of the use of eligibility criteria were then examined.Findings  Patients were most often ruled ineligible for research studies because of their level of alcohol problems (39.1% of studies), comorbid psychiatric problems (37.8%),  past  or  concurrent  utilization  of  alcohol  treatment  (31.8%),  co-occurring  medical  conditions  (31.6%),  and  because  they  were  deemed  non-compliant and unmotivated (31.5%). The number of eligibility criteria employed in studies increased from the 1970s through the 1990s, and was positively associated with funding from the US National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and from the private sector, lack of an inpatient/residential treatment condition, presence of a pharmacotherapy, and use of a randomized, multiple-condition design. Principal investigators with doctoral degrees used more eligibility criteria than those with lower degrees.Conclusion  Participant eligibility criteria are extensively employed in alcohol treatment outcome research, and vary significantly across historical periods, funders and research designs. Researchers should report the details of subject eligibility criteria and excluded patients more fully, and, evaluate how eligibility criteria affect the cost, feasibility, and generalizability of treatment outcome research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Immunological reviews 205 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary:  CD8+ T cells provide a major line of defense against intracellular pathogens. Upon encounter with antigen, CD8+ T cells go through three distinct phases involving proliferation, contraction, and differentiation to become eventually long-lived CD8+ memory T cells. CD8+ memory T cells provide long-term protection against infection by intracellular pathogens. CD8+ memory T-cell proliferation and survival are regulated by many factors, including cytokines, and CD8+ memory T cells are stably maintained over a period of months to years. In aged humans and mice, however, there are significant alterations to the CD8+ memory T-cell compartment with frequent development of monoclonal expansions of CD8+ memory T cells in healthy individuals. Interestingly, CD8+ clonal expansions are not malignant and do not progress to lymphomas, suggesting that these cells must still be under certain constraints. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of factors that contribute to and regulate these CD8+ clonal expansions as well as the impact of CD8+ clonal expansions on immune function of the aged. In addition, we discuss similarities and differences between CD8+ clonal expansions observed in humans and mice, and we postulate that CD8+ clonal expansions represent a spectrum of biological outcomes ranging from antigen-driven to antigen-independent phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and PO Box 1354, 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2XG , UK and PO Box 378 Carlton South , 3053 Victoria , Australia . : Blackwell Publishing
    Personnel psychology 58 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-6570
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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