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  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1910-1914  (1)
  • 1999  (6)
  • 1913  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE CONDUCTIVITY OF ELECTROLYTES. (1913)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 35 (1913), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02191a012
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving culture techniques for village-based farming of giant clams (Tridacnidae) (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eight experiments aimed at improving methods for the village-based farming of giant clams were conducted in the Solomon Islands. The experiments focused on either improving the fitness of seed clams delivered to village farmers, assessing whether differential growth rates of seed clams in nursery tanks persisted during grow-out at farms, or testing the effects of alterations to the design of grow-out cages on the growth and survival of clams. We found that Tridacna squamosa (Lamarck) ‘seed’ transferred from land-based nursery tanks to a floating ocean nursery (FON) for ≈ 3 months at the end of the nursery phase were significantly larger than seed reared only in land-based nursery tanks. Similarly, T. maxima (Röding) placed in a FON for 2–5 months generally grew at a significantly greater rate than tank-reared ‘seed’. However, the use of FONs did not improve survival. There were no consistent differences in the growth and survival of fast- and slow-growing seed of T. derasa (Röding) at village sites when slow-growing seed were retained in the nursery until reaching a larger size. The survival of T. maxima was enhanced significantly by placing an insert of smaller mesh (a ‘settlement ring’) in grow-out cages for the first 2 months after delivery of seed to farmers. The settlement ring retained clams in cages until they found a suitable place to attach their byssal threads. Attempts to remove the sediment which impedes the attachment of T. maxima to the base of grow-out cages by perforating the substrate did not improve survival: the perforated substrate resulted in poor attachment of clams and harboured predators (Cymatium spp.). The survival of T. crocea (Lamarck) was not improved by ‘softening’ the concrete base of grow-out cages to simulate dead coral rock and to encourage the clams to burrow in the substrate. The survival of T. crocea in grow-out cages was enhanced significantly by enclosing the cages in fine mesh after the delivery of the seed clams to prevent predation and disturbance by juvenile wrasse, Thalassoma spp. The experiments indicate that the critical stage for village farming of giant clams is during the initial weeks following distribution of seed. Further research is needed to improve the survival of T. crocea and T. maxima during this phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1999.00305.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A versatile system enabling analysis of slide-based, high-density microarrays with a variety of alternative chemistries (1999)
    [s.l.] : Nature America, Inc.
    Nature genetics 23 (1999), S. 71-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] It is now becoming generally recognized that microarray technology will be a fundamental tool used in future genomics research. As the technology becomes more widely accessible, larger numbers of biologists will be able to shift their focus from the study of individual events to the analysis of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/14393
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation of triglyceride stores in skeletal muscle cells to central obesity and insulin sensitivity in European and South Asian men (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 932-935 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Intramyocellular lipid ; insulin sensitivity ; triglyceride ; central obesity ; per cent body fat ; South Asian ; European.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To compare the relation between intramyocellular lipid content, central obesity and insulin sensitivity in Europeans and South Asians. Methods. Cross-sectional study of 40 South Asian and European non-diabetic men matched for age and body mass index. We measured intramyocellular lipid by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of soleus muscle, insulin sensitivity by the short insulin tolerance test, per cent body fat by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and visceral fat by single-slice computed tomography of the abdomen. Results. South Asians compared with Europeans had a higher mean per cent body fat (26.8 % vs 22.5 %, p = 0.05) and lower insulin sensitivity (mean ± SEM 2.4 ± 0.2 vs 3.4 %/min ± 0.3, p = 0.013). Mean ( ± SEM) intramyocellular lipid content was higher in South Asians than in Europeans (72.1 ± 7.5 vs 53.6 ± 4.9 mmol/kg dry weight, p = 0.046). In Europeans intramyocellular lipid was correlated with per cent body fat (r = 0.50, p = 0.028), waist:hip ratio (r = 0.74, p 〈 0.001), visceral fat (r = 0.62, p = 0.004) and insulin sensitivity (r = –0.53, p = 0.016). In South Asians intramyocellular lipid was not significantly related to insulin sensitivity or obesity, and the strongest associations of insulin sensitivity were with fasting plasma triglyceride and waist:hip ratio. Conclusion/interpretation. The association of intramyocellular lipid with insulin sensitivity and obesity in Europeans is consistent with the hypothesis that muscle triglyceride mediates the effect of obesity on insulin sensitivity. The absence of a similar relation of insulin sensitivity to intramyocellular lipid in South Asians suggests that other mechanisms underlie the high insulin resistance observed in this group. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 932–935]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051250
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced Palmitate Turnover in Brain Phospholipids of Pentobarbital-Anesthetized Rats (1999)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 24 (1999), S. 833-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Anesthesia ; phospholipids ; recycling ; remodeling ; fatty acids ; brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our laboratory has reported that pentobarbital-induced anesthesia reduced the incorporation of intravenously injected radiolabeled palmitic acid into brain phospholipids. To determine if this decrease reflected a pentobarbital-induced decrease in palmitate turnover in phospholipids, we applied our method and model to study net flux and turnover of palmitate in brain phospholipids (1). Awake, light and deep pentobarbital (25–70 mg/kg, iv) anesthetized rats were infused with [9,10-3H]palmitate over a 5 min period. Brain electrical activity was monitored by electroencephalography. An isoelectric electroencephalogram characterized deep pentobarbital anesthesia. Net incorporation rates (J FA,i ) and turnover rates (F i) of palmitate were calculated. J FA,i for palmitate incorporated into phospholipids was dramatically reduced by pentobarbital treatment in a dose-dependent manner, by 70% and 90% respectively for lightly and deeply anesthetized animals, compared with awake controls. Turnover rates for palmitate in total phospholipid and individual phospholipid classes were decreased by nearly 70% and 90% for lightly and deeply anesthetized animals, respectively. Thus, pentobarbital decreases, in a dose-dependent manner, the turnover of palmitate in brain phospholipids. This suggests that palmitate turnover is closely coupled to brain functional activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020997728511
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence based general practice (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 15 (1999), S. 815-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Evidence-based medicine ; General practice ; Primary care
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: to estimate the proportion of interventions in general practice that are based on evidence. Design: a one-year cross-sectional study involving all consultations by patients over age 15 years seen in 34 national primary health care centers. Setting: the rural Castellón provincial district within the Valencian Community in eastern Spain, with a total population of 21,155 inhabitants. Subjects: of 1990 case histories registered in the course of one year, 4800 consultations were identified; of these, 2341 (49%) distinct diagnosis–intervention pairs were identified and coded. Main results: the evidence basis for the diagnosis–intervention pairs in the study was derived from a computerized search of the scientific literature published in 1992–1996. The quality of the evidence was classified according to the method of Ellis et al. Within the 2341 diagnosis–intervention pairs, there was positive evidence in support of the intervention used in 55%. The evidence basis was sound for 42%, with 38% being based on Type I (clinical trials) evidence and 4% on Type II evidence. The most frequently presenting diseases involved the circulatory (18.7%), respiratory (14.9%), nervous (14.2%), musculo-skeletal (12.5%) and nutrition and metabolism and digestive systems, with 12.1% each. Conclusions: clinical practice was clearly supported by positive evidence of all Types (I–III) in a total of 55% of interventions, and by good positive evidence of Type I or II in 42% of interventions. The percentage of evidence-based interventions in general practice serving a substantial population in rural Spain was lower than had been reported by some authors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007609926935
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical Responses and Altered Genetic Expression Patterns in Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa Doug ex P. Laws) Grown Under Elevated CO2 (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 116 (1999), S. 413-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Ponderosa pine ; elevated CO2 ; growth ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Biochemical and gene expression changes in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 were investigated in five maternal half-sibling breeding families of Ponderosa pine. Seedlings were grown in a common garden located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in open-topped chambers (OTC) for two years. Chamber atmospheres were maintained at ambient, ambient + 175 μL L-1, CO2, or ambient + 350 μL L-1CO2. Growth measurements showed significant increases in stem volumes and volume enhancement ratios in three of the five families studied when grown under elevated CO2. Biochemical and gene expression studies were undertaken to gain a mechanistic understanding of these phenotypic responses. Biochemical studies focused on sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) specific activities at increase CO2 levels. Kinetic evaluations of SPS showed an increase in VMax. Specific SPS probes revealed increases in the transcriptional levels of one SPS gene with exposure to increasing CO2. RT-PCR differential gene displays showed that overall only a small fraction of visualized gene transcripts responded to elevated CO2 (8-10%). There were also significant differences between the gene expression patterns of the different families, some of which correlated with alterations in growth at elevated CO2 levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005207112589
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