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  • 1990-1994  (1)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964  (3)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1994  (1)
  • 1961  (3)
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  • 1990-1994  (1)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964  (3)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The optimum conditions for the fabrication of semi-insulating InP epitaxial layers grown by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition are investigated in a comparative study of the structural, electrical, and diffusive properties of Fe- and Ti-doped material. Thermally stable InP:Fe layers with resistivities approaching the intrinsic limit can be prepared in an environment of n-type material if the Fe concentration does not exceed but is close to its solubility limit of 8×1016 cm−3 at 640 °C. In contact with p-type layers, however, semi-insulating characteristics of InP:Fe turn out to be difficult to reproduce because of a pronounced interdiffusion of Fe and p-type dopants. Here, Ti doping of InP is shown to be a useful scheme for the fabrication of high-resistivity layers. New processes for the deposition of InP:Ti using (C5H5)2Ti(CO)2 and Ti[N(CH3)2]4 as metalorganic precursors are described in detail. Ti is found to compensate up to 2×1016 cm−3 of shallow acceptors in metalorganic chemical-vapor-phase-deposition-grown InP. Ti-doped InP layers containing more electrically active deep Ti donors than net shallow acceptors exhibit semi-insulating characteristics with a resistivity of 5×106 Ω cm. Codoping of InP:Fe with Ti turns out to be a universal process for the preparation of thermally stable high-resistivity layers. If the material is appropriately grown, Fe+Ti doping compensates both excess shallow donors and excess shallow acceptors up to concentrations of 8×1016 and 2×1016 cm−3, respectively. In contrast to InP:Fe, resistivities in excess of 107 Ω cm are obtained in contact with both symmetric n- and p-type current injecting contacts. Moreover, codoping of semi-insulating InP:Fe with Ti is found to suppress the interdiffusion of Fe and p-type dopants. Therefore, the outdiffusion and accumulation of Fe in other regions of complex device structures can be significantly reduced. The interdiffusion of Fe and p-type dopants as well as its suppression by additional doping with Ti, finally, is studied in detail, which enables a comprehensive model accounting for this phenomenon to be developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    Berlin : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie. 9:4 (1961) 405 
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 57 (1961), S. 370-390 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Soluble enzymes which do not sediment on the centrifuge at 28 000 g and are not coagulated by freezing, display little or no loss of activity after freezing. Small losses observed in some cases can be explained by inclusion of parts of the soluble protein into the coagulate of the frost-sensitive protein fraction. 2. Particulate enzymes or enzyme systems behave differently. Adenosintriphosphatase shows no change of activity after freezing in spite of inclusion into the coagulate of frostsensitive proteins. Cytochromoxidase looses activity, but activity is restored, at least partially, upon intense dispersion of the coagulate. The enzyme systems of the Hill-reaction and of photophosphorylation show irreversible loss of part of their activity after freezing. 3. Sugars prevent or suppress, according to concentration, losses of activity of frost-sensitive enzymes during freezing. 4. Enzymes obtained immediately after freezing from frost-killed leaves behave in the same way as enzymes in frozen extracts of leaves. It therefore seems probable that results obtained in vitro directly correspond to the events taking place naturally in the plant. 5. Results are discussed in relation to current theories on frost resistance of plants.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fermentuntersuchungen an Blättern und Blattextrakten, bei denen ein bestimmter Proteinanteil durch Gefrieren ausgefällt wurde, brachten folgende Ergebnisse: 1. Gewisse lösliche Fermente, die durch Zentrifugieren bei 28 000 g nicht sedimentiert werden können, erfahren durch Gefrieren keine Aktivitätsminderung, es sei denn, daß sie bei der Fällung frostempfindlicher Proteine mitgerissen werden. 2. Partikulär gebundene Enzyme oder Enzymsysteme verhalten sich bei einer Frostfällung recht unterschiedlich: Adenosintriphosphatase läßt trotz Einschluß in das Koagulat keine Änderung der Aktivität erkennen. Cytochromoxydase wird stark gehemmt, jedoch läßt sich die Hemmung durch intensives Dispergieren der Fällung weitgehend rückgängig machen. Lediglich die Fermentsysteme der Hill-Reaktion und der Photophosphorylierung zeigen nach dem Gefrieren irreversible Aktivitätsminderung. 3. Zucker vermögen, je nach Konzentration, die Aktivitätsverluste von empfindlichen Enzymen beim Einfrieren zu verhindern oder weitgehend herabzudrücken. 4. Ebenso wie in eingefrorenen Blattextrakten verhalten sich die untersuchten Fermente in durch Gefrieren abgetöteten und dann unmittelbar aufgearbeiteten Blättern. Es erscheint deshalb eine direkte Übertragung der in vitro erarbeiteten Erkenntnisse auf die Pflanze erlaubt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 33 (1961), S. 606-608 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Druckverlust und Wämeübergang bei laminar durchströmten Ringspalten mit beliebigem Kern werden theoretisch untersucht. Das Geschwindigkeitsfeld und der Druckabfall lassen sich berechnen, das Temperaturfeld kann man theoretisch nicht mit vertretbarem Aufwand erfassen. Die allgemeine Lösung zeigt jedoch, daß bei Ringspalten mit exzentrischem Kern die Wärme überwiegend an den Umfangsteilen mit größerer Spaltbreite übertragen wird. Aus den für ebene Spalte gewonnenen Ergebnissen kann man die Wärmeübertragung auch bei Ringspalten mit technisch ausreichender Genauigkeit abschätzen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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